为什么印度女人不如中国女人有钱

    您预计中国女性的收入将从2000年的3,500亿美元增长至2020年的4万亿美元，二十年增长10倍。为什么？如何达到？

    收入增长来自三方面的因素：相对薪酬水平的改善、受教育情况的改善以及就业人口老龄化。现在，中国女性获得的薪酬普遍与男性存在差距。但她们中获得高级学历的人在增加，职业构成也在改善。最重要的是女性就业人口的老龄化。年龄与收入成正比，中国城市里40多岁的女性工作者数量远远多于印度。这就是你看到的效果。

    这也不是什么新现象。中国女性一直比较能挣钱，早在1951或52年时，毛泽东就说过所有女性都将工作。女性就业已经成为一种常态，而且日托很普遍，每个人付一点钱就能找到。

    相比之下，您预计印度未来十年相对收入（即女性相对于男性的收入）将继续下降。他们的问题在哪里？中国又是哪里做得比较好？

    在发展中国家里，中国的经济发展远远超前。他们正在从一个农业社会转变成一个城市社会。在任何农业群体中，无论如何总会有（性别）歧视存在。印度目前仍有70%的农业人口，女性的待遇非常差。在印度农村，根本就谈不上什么女性权利。

    即便是在情况好很多的城市里，女性也进不了科技行业。在印度，类似于伊利诺伊理工大学（IIT）、麻省理工学院（MIT）或者哈佛大学（Harvard）之类的学校里，90%的学生都是男生。印度的女企业家非常罕见，原因是女性受教育有限、政府机构不努力改变现状，另外日托也很难找。如今印度女性的人均生育率仍然高达5.2个。

    当然，中国有计划生育政策。小家庭是推动女性收入快速增长的最大因素。

    You expect Chinese female earnings to grow from $350 million in 2000 to $4 trillion by 2020, a tenfold increase in two decades. Why? And how?

    Growth in income comes from three factors: higher relative wage rights, better education, and an aging workforce. Right now, women in China earn a discounted wage rate. Plus as they're earning more advanced degrees, the mix of occupations is improving. But the biggest factor is the aging of the female workforce. Age equals income, and there are many, many more 40-year-old female workers in Chinese cities than in Indian ones. That's the effect you're seeing.

    This isn't new. China has been an extremely lucrative market for women because, in 1951 or '52, Mao basically said that all women will work. It became absolutely the norm, and daycare was always available, accessible to everyone, at nominal cost.

    By contrast you expect relative earnings -- that is, women's wages compared to men's -- to decline in the next decade. What are they doing wrong, or what is China doing right?

    China is way more advanced in terms of development economics. They are moving from an agrarian society to an urban one. In any agrarian group, there's discrimination no matter what. India is 70% rural, and women are treated very poorly. There's no such thing as women's rights in rural India.

    Even in cities, where things are much better, women are not getting into technical careers. At IIT, the MIT or Harvard equivalent, it's 90% boys. There are very few women entrepreneurs in India, little access to education, no government agency to improve things, and no easily available daycare. And women there are still having on average 5.2 children.

    In China, of course, there's the one child policy. The greatest growth in female income comes from small family size.