新全球主义需要“五点计划”

    虽然我们嘴上总在说全球社会，但我们的制度和行为往往与这些潮流背道而驰。我们面临的新现实（复杂、相互关联并且节奏比以往任何时候都更快）意味着全球合作和全球性解决方案的必要性空前突出。那么，面向21世纪，什么样的标准能支撑起这样一个全球性系统呢？

    首先，这样的系统必须促进合作。它事关我们所有人。政府、企业和民间社会不能各自为政。全球性问题是相互关联的，而结合多方利益相关者的应对（如公共和私营部门伙伴关系）能带来创新的解决方案。它们将民间的激情、追求和各种组织与企业的资源和经验汇聚到一起。

    其次，一个全球性的系统还必须以系统性、综合性的方式应对挑战。全球化议程的问题都是相互关联的，但我们目前的系统过于部门化：世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）管贸易，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）管卫生，而国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）则管金融。我们还必须建立必要的相互联系性，以保证连贯性。例如，我们如何在20国集团（G-20）和联合国（United Nations）之间取得最佳平衡？我们怎样才能更好地动员非政府活动者？我们需要灵活的网络，它们需要更多的异质结构、更少的等级结构。

    第三，这个系统应该是战略性的，而不是由危机驱动的。我们大部分的精力都没有用在主动措施上，而是耗费在了反应性的应对措施上。总是围绕危机管理做文章，而不考虑未来，结果会导致防守性的态度。我们必须适应不断变化的世界，而不是捍卫过时的模式。

    第四，一个全球系统必须始终展现合理性。如今，这已经超越了基于民主原则的授命；它包括清晰的目标和具体的结果。我们无疑存在承诺与行动不一致的问题。而且，由于所承诺的行动并未得到履行，我们在政府、国际组织和企业层面都存在“信任赤字”问题。

    最后，我们的全球治理系统必须认可全球公民的理念。在一个互联的世界，对于那些寻找应对真正全球性挑战（如气候变化）的国家而言，这符合它们的利益。如今，我们不仅需要一个人权宪章，更需要扩展这个概念，涵盖责任问题。

    作为一个全球性的社会，我们要依赖制度和程序的运行来管理我们的全球社区。将这五大标准整合到我们的全球系统中是一大考验，但如果我们不这样做的话，我们只能继续采用局部疗法，头痛医头，脚痛医脚，无法有效应对从根本上需要全盘掌握的那些问题。

    ——克劳斯•施瓦布是世界经济论坛创始人兼执行主席。

    译者：默默

    We talk of being a global community, but our institutions and behaviors tend to run counter to these currents. Our new reality -- complex, interconnected, and faster than ever -- means that the need for global cooperation and global solutions has never been greater. So what criteria should underpin a global system for the 21st century?

    First, such a system must foster cooperation. We're all in this together. Governments, business, and civil society cannot do it on their own. Global issues are interrelated, and multi-stakeholder responses such as public-private partnerships bring innovative solutions to the table. They engage the passion, purpose, and networks of civil society with the resources and experience of business.

    Next, a global system must also approach challenges in a systemic, integrated way. The issues on the global agenda are all interrelated, but our current system is too compartmentalized: the World Trade Organization for trade, the World Health Organization for health, and the International Monetary Fund for finance. We also have to establish the necessary interlinkages to create coherence. For example, how do we strike the optimal balance between the G-20 and the United Nations? How do we best engage nongovernmental actors? We need flexible networks -- more heterarchies, fewer hierarchies.

    Third, the system should be strategic, not crisis-driven. Most of our energy is currently absorbed by reactive rather than proactive measures. Managing crises instead of thinking about the future leads to defensive attitudes. We must adapt to a changing world, not defend outdated models.

    Fourth, a global system must continually demonstrate legitimacy. Today, this goes beyond mandates based on democratic principles; it includes clear objectives and concrete results. We undoubtedly have a delivery problem. And since promised actions are not fulfilled, we also have a trust deficit with governments, international organizations, and business.

    Finally, our global governance system must embrace the notion of global citizenship. In an interconnected world, it is in the interest of nation-states to strive for solutions to truly global challenges, such as climate change. Today, we not only need a Charter of Human Rights, but must also expand this notion to include responsibilities.

    As a global community, we depend on the functioning of institutions and processes to manage our global neighborhood. Integrating these five criteria into our global system will be challenging, but if we don't, we will continue applying topical treatments to conditions that fundamentally require global cardiac care.

    --Klaus Schwab is the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum.