美国环境保护基金主席：先做梦，再行动

《财富》杂志（Fortune）一年一度的绿色头脑风暴大会（Brainstorm Green conference）齐聚了来自各行各业、致力于打造可持续未来的人们。在这个每周一次的专栏中，我们重点介绍一位大会的与会嘉宾，分享他在商业、环保和创业方面的真知灼见。

身为美国环境保护基金(Environmental Defense Fund, EDF)主席，弗雷德•克虏伯携同政商两界人士着眼于气候和节能，共同改进相关政策与企业实践。他和EDF同事米瑞安•霍纳共同撰写了《纽约时报》（New York Times）畅销书《地球：续篇：再造能源和阻止全球变暖的竞赛》（Earth: The Sequel: The Race to Reinvent Energy and Stop Global Warming)。日前《财富》杂志向他提出了10个问题，包括他最近读过的书、他获得过的最好建议以及他的目标。下面让我们一起来看看他在学校学到的最重要东西是什么，以及对于“最崇拜的公司”这个问题他给出了怎样惊人的回答：

1.最让你兴奋的替代性能源项目是什么？

“需求响应”让我很兴奋。它利用电脑技术，在用电高峰期自动关闭一些电气设备（当然要经客户同意）或将这些设备的运转时间改到一天当中的其他时间，以便能更多地利用风力和太阳能发电。大型工业设施采用这种方式来降低电费已经多年了，如今此类技术已开始进入住宅市场。

2.你最崇拜的绿色企业或人物是哪些？为什么？

我崇拜前美国国务卿乔治•P•舒瓦茨，他阐明了气候变化的现实，为务实的解决方案提供支持。他在能源领域有多年经验，是麻省理工学院（MIT）和斯坦福大学（Stanford）能源政策组织的负责人。对于EDF而言，他是天然气领域的一位重要顾问，就如何与决策层和行业合作减少甲烷排放量向我们提供咨询。他用自家屋顶上的太阳能板给他的电动汽车充电。

3.你还崇拜其他哪些公司？为什么？

沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）。这是一家有争议的公司，部分原因在于它的规模太大，但这样的规模也使得它能通过整个供应链产生巨大的环保效益。比如，沃尔玛已经宣布，将要求供应商用更安全的成分替代约10种让人担心的化学品。沃尔玛还有很多工作要做，但他们已经表现出了强烈的意愿来采取行动。（注:沃尔玛与EDF合作共同降低其环境足迹，但EDF并未接受Wal-Mart或任何其他企业合作伙伴的款项或捐赠。）

4.你获得过的最好建议是什么？

我听说时代华纳（Time Warner）的创始人斯蒂夫•罗斯从他父亲那里获得了这样的建议：“生活中，有人整天工作，有人整天做梦，还有人花一个小时做梦，然后采取行动、努力实现梦想。我们要做第三类人，因为基本上没人能跟这种人竞争。”   

Fortune's annual Brainstorm Green conference brings together individuals who strive to build a sustainable future across various industries. In this weekly feature, we shine a spotlight on an attendee to offer their personal insight on business, environmentalism, and entrepreneurship.

As president of the Environmental Defense Fund, Fred Krupp has worked with both politicians and businesspeople to improve policy and business practices for climate and energy. He and his EDF colleague Miriam Horner co-authored the New York Times bestseller Earth: The Sequel: The Race to Reinvent Energy and Stop Global Warming. We asked him 10 questions, including the last book he read, the best advice he ever received, and his goals. Find out the most important thing he learned in school and the surprising answer to what company he admires:

1. What alternative energy projects are you most excited about?

I'm excited about demand response. It uses computer technology to turn off some electrical devices automatically during periods of peak demand (with the customer's permission, of course) or shift their use to a different time of day, which allows greater use of wind and solar power. Large industrial facilities have done this for years to lower their electric bills, and now technology is beginning to open the residential market.

2. What green business or person do you admire most? Why?

I admire former Secretary of State George P. Shultz for speaking up about the reality of climate change and building support for pragmatic solutions. He has long experience on energy and has chaired energy policy groups at both MIT and Stanford. For EDF, he's been an important advisor on natural gas, counseling us on our work with policy makers and industry to minimize methane emissions. And he uses the solar panels on his roof to recharge his electric car.

3. What other companies do you admire? Why?

Wal-Mart (WMT). It's a controversial company in part because it's so big, but that size gives it the ability to deliver huge environmental benefits through its supply chain. For example, Walmart announced it will ask its suppliers to substitute safer ingredients for about 10 chemicals of concern. Wal-Mart has much left to do, but they've shown a bold willingness to act. [Note: Wal-Mart is partnered with the EDF in an effort to reduce its environmental footprint, although the EDF does not accept payment or donations from Wal-Mart or any of its other corporate partners.]

4. What is the best advice you ever received?

I heard the advice Time Warner (TWX) founder Steve Ross was given by his dad: "In life there are those who work all day, those who dream all day, and those who spend an hour dreaming before setting to work to fulfill those dreams. Go into the third category, because there's virtually no competition." .