油价大跌：中国成全球最大赢家

    过去几个月，国际油价骤然大跌，较之六月的最高值，跌幅近40％。

    近年来一直利润丰厚的能源生产商，如今处境不妙。上周，欧佩克（石油输出国组织，OPEC）决定不减产，令能源生产商改善处境的希望灰飞烟灭。

    欧佩克不减产的消息一出，市场大为紧张，布伦特原油（Brent crude）的价格应声大跌。自那以来，布伦特原油的价格已小幅反弹至每桶约71.58美元，但仍远低于今年早些时候每桶约107美元的高位。意料之中的是，油价大跌有人获益有人遭殃。

    下面，我们就来看看，谁将从油价暴跌中获益良多，而谁将损失惨重。

    赢家：中国

    中国是世界第一大石油进口国，约60％的石油需求依靠进口。因此，油价下跌会降低中国经济的总体负担，使工厂生产及最终产品的成本下降。据中国能源经济研究中心（China Center for Energy Economics Research）称，如果油价持续下跌，到今年年底，中国将省下高达300亿美元。这些钱可用于投资，帮助刺激正在放缓的中国经济。中国今年的GDP增长率预计约为7.3％，而1992年的历史高点为14.2％。

    除中国外，油价下跌还将对日本、印度、德国和法国等其它石油净进口国的经济提到提振作用。

    输家：俄罗斯

    与之相反的是石油出口大国俄罗斯。石油销售在俄罗斯出口中占有极大比重，因此，俄罗斯卢布的稳定性，与能源价格息息相关。卢布在本周一跌至历史新低，贬值5％，卢布兑美元的汇率达到53.90：1。与今年年初相比，卢布币值缩水了约40％。

    油价下跌不仅削弱了俄罗斯的消费力，也增加了俄罗斯平衡国家预算的难度。俄罗斯所做的政府税收预算，是基于石油价格为每桶100美元，如今的油价将显著改变俄罗斯的财政计划。

    尼日利亚和委内瑞拉等其它石油净出口国，境况与俄罗斯类似。

    赢家：捷蓝航空

    捷蓝航空（JetBlue）是最大的赢家之一，同时，低廉的油价对所有航空公司以及旅客而言，都是好事。

    Oil prices have plummeted over the past few months, dropping nearly 40% since their peak in June.

    Energy producers, which have enjoyed huge profits in recent years, are now feeling the pain. Their hopes for some relief were dashed last week when the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, decided against cutting production.

    The announcement rattled markets and sent the price of Brent crude tumbling. Since then, prices have rebounded slightly to around $71.58 a barrel. But that’s still far from the high of around $107 earlier this year. No surprisingly, there is a long list of winners and losers.

    Here’s a look at who’s making out big and who’s counting their losses.

    Winner: China

    China is the world's largest importer of oil, and relies on foreign oil supplies for about 60% of its domestic needs. Therefore, any drop in price reduces the overall burden on the economy, making factory production and final goods less expensive. China could save as much as $30 billion by the end of the year if prices keep falling, according to the China Center for Energy Economics Research. That money could be put toward investment to help spur the nation's slowing economy. Growth in China's gross domestic product is expected to be about 7.3% this year versus a record high of 14.2% in 1992.

    Other net oil importers, including Japan, India, Germany and France, will also welcome a similar economic lift from lower prices.

    Loser: Russia

    On the opposite end of the national spectrum is Russia: a big oil exporter. Oil sales account for a huge portion of the country's exports, and because of that, the stability Russian ruble is closely linked to energy prices. The ruble fell to a new record low Monday of 53.90 to the dollar, down 5%. The currency has lost about 40% of its value since the beginning of the year.

    Not only does cheap oil dampen Russia's spending power, it also makes it harder for the nation to balance its national budget. Russia's government tax revenue estimates are based on oil being at $100 a barrel--today's prices will significantly alter the country's fiscal planning.

    Other net oil exporters are in a similar position, as well, including Nigeria and Venezuela.

    Winner: JetBlue

    While JetBlue is one of the biggest winners, cheap oil is really a benefit for all airlines--and travelers.