中国成为太阳能电池板行业绝对主宰
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美国市场研究公司GTM Research的最新报告显示，中国已成为全球最大的太阳能电池板市场，2015年，中国由太阳能电池板生成的新能源量占全球总量的1/4。中国正迅速增加发电量，太阳能只是中国新能源发电的来源之一。 中国太阳能电池板装机量在2015年有望达到140亿瓦特，而全球总装机量预计为550亿瓦特。除中国外，今年亚太地区国家有望在全球太阳能电池板新增装机量中占比过半，日本新增了大量太阳能电池板装机量（福岛危机后日本大幅削减核电，太阳能市场空间巨大），新兴的印度市场也潜力巨大。10亿瓦特大约相当于一座大型天然气发电站或核电站的发电量。 通常，一提到太阳能电池板，人们就会想到安装在住宅或建筑物屋顶的电池板。随着这一市场在部分国家继续增长，中国的大部分太阳能电池板却安装在地面上，形成大型太阳能发电站，它们地处偏远地区，被并入国家电网。中国国家能源局表示，截止2014年年底，在连接到中国输电网的280.5亿瓦特太阳能电池板中，有233.8亿瓦特是地面安装型电池板。 |
China has emerged as the world’s largest market for solar panels and in 2015 is expected to be home to a quarter of the planet’s new energy capacity from solar panels, according to a new report from GTM Research. China is rapidly adding as much power generation as possible, and solar is just one source of new energy generation in the country. China is expected to install 14 gigawatts of solar panels in 2015 out of a total 55 gigawatts worth of solar panels installed worldwide. In addition to China, countries in the Asia Pacific region are supposed to count for more than half of the world’s new solar panel capacity this year, including many new solar installations in Japan (a huge market following the reduction of nuclear in the wake of the Fukushima crisis), and an emerging potentially huge market in India. One gigawatt is around the size of a large natural gas or nuclear plant. Usually when people think about solar panels they picture panels installed on the rooftops of homes or buildings. And while that market is growing in some countries, the vast majority of solar panels being installed in China are mounted on the ground, organized into big solar farms, installed in remote areas and sold to utilities. China’s National Energy Administration says that out of the 28.05 gigawatts of solar panels that were connected to the country’s grid by the end of 2014, 23.38 gigawatts came from the ground-mounted type of solar panels. |
2015年5月卫星拍摄的中国西北部甘肃省敦煌郊区太阳能电池板鸟瞰图。
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中国的太阳能电池板发电站规模日益庞大，特别是在戈壁滩地区。美国国家航空航天局的卫星图片上，展示了位于中国西北部甘肃省敦煌市的一座占地面积巨大的太阳能电池板发电站，自2012年以来，该发电站的规模增长了两倍。2014年，仅甘肃省的太阳能电池板总装机发电量就高达52亿千瓦，预计今年还将增加5亿千瓦。 GTM Research分析师亚当•詹姆斯表示，中国太阳能电池板的新增长受本国新的能源补助项目（太阳能发电机产出的电能可获得具有竞争力的固定价格）以及中国政府雄心勃勃的“五年计划”推动，该计划要求在未来几年内新增一定的太阳能装机量。 中国需要尽可能多的电能，鉴于中国近来开始着手解决严重的空气污染问题，太阳能被视为比煤炭更清洁的提高电力供应的方式。2014年，中国削减了30亿瓦特煤炭发电产能，至今共削减了180亿瓦特煤炭发电产能。中国承诺在未来五年内削减200亿瓦特煤炭发电产能，以帮助减轻空气污染。 |
The solar panel farms in China are getting massive, particularly in the Gobi desert. This NASA satellite shows images of a sprawling solar panel farm in Dunhuang, in north west China’s Gansu Province, that has tripled in size between 2012 and today. Gansu Province alone had a total installed solar panel capacity in 2014 of 5.2 gigawatts, and it’s supposed to add another 0.5 gigawatts this year. GTM Research analyst Adam James says the new growth in solar panels in China is being pushed by a new feed-in tariff program in the country (solar generators can be paid a fixed competitive price for the energy created), and the Chinese government’s ambitious “Five Year Plan,” which calls for a certain amount of solar installed in the next few years. China needs as much electricity it can get, and because the country has more recently started to tackle its massive air pollution crisis, solar is seen as a cleaner way than coal to boost the electricity supply. Three gigawatts worth of coal power-producing plants were actually closed in 2014, and 18 gigawatts have been closed to date in the country. China pledges to eliminate 20 gigawatts of coal capacity over the next five years to help with air pollution. |
