三张图看懂：诺贝尔奖正越来越多地授予那些改变世界的女性

    世上几乎没有比获得诺贝尔奖更高的殊荣了。1895年，诺奖创立者阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中写道，获奖者“都应在此前一年为人类做出了最伟大的贡献”。

    今年有两位女性获得诺奖，中国药学家屠呦呦因发现抗疟药青蒿素获得了诺贝尔生理学/医学奖，捕捉到苏联时代个人声音的白俄罗斯作家斯维特兰娜·阿列克谢耶维奇获得了诺贝尔文学奖。

    单纯来看，有两位女性荣获诺奖让人觉得难以置信。但对比另外八位男性获奖者来看就会发现，在缩小诺奖得主的男女差距方面，还有很大的提升空间。

    自1901年诺贝尔奖首次颁发以来，女性共获奖49次，男性获奖825次，团体组织获奖26次。如果只比较男女获奖者，女性获诺贝尔奖次数占5.6%。

    There are few greater honors than winning the Nobel Prize. The Prize is given “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind,” as Alfred Nobel, the founder of the prize, wrote in his last will in 1895.

    This year, two women have received the award: China’s Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work on finding a malaria cure, while Belarus’ Svetlana Alexievich was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for capturing the voice of the individual during the Soviet-era.

    On one hand, two women getting the top honor is is incredible. Yet when you compare the number to the eight men that received the Prize, it shows that there is still more work to be done to close the gender gap.

    Since the first Prize was awarded in 1901, women have won it 49 times, men 825 times, and organizations 26 times. Comparing just women to men, the former has received the honor 5.6% of the time.

    同时，就获奖者性别而言，并不是在所有的奖项上男女比例都是均匀的。在六个奖项中，女性得主占比最高的是诺贝尔文学奖（12.5%），其次是诺贝尔和平奖（12.4%）；诺贝尔物理学奖的女性得奖者比重最低（约为1%）。

    Not all categories of the Prize are created equal, however. Of the six categories, the Nobel Prize for literature has had the most female representation (12.5%), with the Nobel Peace Prize following closely behind (12.4%). Physics has had the least female recipients (around 1%).

    尽管这些数字确实不高，但截至目前情况一直在显著改进。在诺奖问世后的头20年里，只有四次颁发给了女性，其中居里夫人拿到了两次。

    而在接下来的60年中，情况开始稍有好转，每20年里，都有五位女性获奖。到了20世纪最后20年，情况有了明显改善。从1981年到2000年，女性11次夺得诺奖。如今，21世纪的女性取得了真正的突破。过去15年中，19位女性拿到了这个奖项。

    While this is indeed low, there have been drastic improvements. In the first twenty years of the Prize’s existence, women only received the honor on four occasions—and Marie Curie accounted for two of those times.

    The next 60 years were only slightly better: five women received the Prize during each 20-year period. It was only in the last two decades of the 20th century that progress was palpable: From 1981 through 2000, women were honored 11 times. Now, in the 21st century, women are truly making progress. Over the last 15 years, 19 women have received the honor.

    希望这样的趋势延续下去，不断加速。（财富中文网）

    译者：Charlie

    校对：詹妮

    Here’s hoping this progress continues—and speeds up.