英特尔大裁员说明科技最艰难时代到来

4月19日，英特尔宣布将裁员约1.2万人。这再次证明，12个月来科技行业从业人员的处境越来越艰难。就业安置机构Challenger, Gray & Christmas的数据显示，一年来计算机行业的裁员数量已经达到72333人。

该机构估算，2016年前三个月科技公司削减了17002个工作岗位，同比增幅高达148%。

对此，我们只能发出“哎呦”的感叹。

即将被戴尔收购的VMware和EMC正在为此做准备并压缩规模，而戴尔也一直在削减成本。

惠普公司（从事PC和打印机业务）和惠普企业（从事数据中心和云服务业务）仍在继续着母公司几年前开始的裁员行动。2015年7月，微软宣布计划裁员7800人。

IBM似乎也处于半永久性裁员状态（尽管该公司发言人一直在提醒我们，IBM也会继续招人）。

Intel’s announcement on Tuesday about cutting 12,000 jobs is just one more example of an increasingly tough 12-month period for tech sector employees. Over the past year, the computer industry has slashed 72,333 jobs, according to job placement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas.

During the first three months of 2016, tech companies sliced 17,002 jobs. That’s up a whopping 148% compared to the first three months of 2015, according to the company’s calculations.

One word: Yikes.

VMwareand EMCare slimming down as they prepare for their impending acquisition by Dell, which has also been cutting costs.

And both HP Inc. (the PC-and-printer company) and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise(the data center-and-cloud company) continued the job cutting that their parent company started several years ago. Microsoft announced planned layoffs of 7,800 staff last July 2015.

IBMis also in what seems to be a semi-permanent job-cutting mode (although as its spokespeople continually remind us, IBM is also hiring.)

已有几十年历史的科技公司正面临着一项特别的挑战，原因是公司采购软硬件的方式已经和以往不同。传统IT服务供应商已经不能再指望每隔几年就会准时出现一次软硬件大规模升级，进而从中获利。

部分原因在于越来越多的企业（和个人）软件销售采用了订阅模式，以单个用户为对象，以月为时间单位。同时，这些软件都安装并运行在软件供应商的服务器上，比如Salesforce.com、NetSuite或者Workday。

此外，越来越多的公司开始自行开发软件，而且可能把这些软件放在Amazon Web Services或微软Azure等公共云上运行。上述两种情况都意味着软件购买方的数据中心对新硬件的需求不再那么旺盛，也不再那么频繁。

此外，还得说说开源软件。使用Linux、OpenStack或其他类似软件的公司不用支付商业专属软件时代随处可见的高额授权费。正是出于这个原因，甲骨文、微软和IBM等公司才会一边应付传统业务销售额的下降，一边争相迈进这个新时代。

随着智能手机和平板电脑的使用者越来越多及其应用范围越来越广，PC市场陷入了长期滑坡状态，这给英特尔带来了冲击。虽然全球绝大多数PC和笔记本电脑都使用英特尔芯片，但在手机和平板电脑等领域，英特尔并没有占据类似的主导位置。

正如Challenger, Gray & Christmas首席执行官约翰•查林杰在一份声明中总结的那样：“我们一直都需要科技，但我们怎样跟科技互动，以及何时何地与之互动正在迅速地发生改变。”（财富中文网）

译者：Charlie

校对：詹妮

Technology companies, which have been around for a few decades, face a particular challenge because businesses are buying hardware and software differently than in the past. A traditional IT provider can no longer count on huge (and profitable) hardware and software upgrades to come every few years like clockwork.

Part of the issue is that more business (and personal) software is sold by subscription, on a per user, per month basis. And, it runs on servers owned and operated by the software provider—by a Salesforce.comor a NetSuiteor a Workday, for example.

In addition, more companies are developing their own software—and perhaps running it— on the shared infrastructure of public clouds like AmazonWeb Services or Microsoft Azure. In both cases, that means the software buyer needs less new hardware less often in their own data centers.

And then there’s the open-source software situation. Companies running Linux or OpenStack or other such software don’t pay the high license fees prevalent in the age of commercial, proprietary software. And that’s why companies like Oracle, Microsoft, and IBM are scrambling to enter this new era while managing declining sales in their older businesses.

Intelhas been bitten by the fact that the market for new PCs is in a prolonged slump as more people rely on smart phones and tablets for more tasks. While Intel’s chips power the vast bulk of the world’s PCs and laptops they are not as dominant in these other devices.

As Challenger, Gray & Christmas chief executive John Challenger summed it up in a statement: “We will always need technology, but how we interact with it, as well as where and when we interact with it , are changing rapidly.”