美国亚裔人口增长最快，中国已成最大对美移民输出国

美国劳工部统计局最新公布的数据显示，亚裔仍然是美国增长最快的种族群体。

统计局本公布，2014年7月至2015年7月，美国的亚裔人口增长3.4%，其中大部分新增人口是移民。目前美国有2100万亚裔，夏威夷是国内唯一亚裔居民占多数的州。

统计局人口学家山姆·加罗表示，2000年前后开始，亚裔就一直是人口增长最快的族群，主要增长来自外国移民。统计局官员称，2013年，中国取代墨西哥成为向美国输送移民最多的国家。

其他少数族裔也在增多。西班牙裔增长了2.2%，增至5660万人，其中新墨西哥州的西班牙裔占总人口48%，是西班牙裔聚居最多的州。非裔美国人增长1.3%至4630万人，其中密西西比州的非裔占比最高，为38.3%。美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民合计660万人，增长1.5%。这两个族群占阿拉斯加州总人口的19.5%，在各州中比例最高。

加州是美国人种和民族最丰富的州，西班牙裔、白人、亚裔和美国印第安人人口都超过其他州。纽约州的黑人比其他州多，夏威夷州的夏威夷人其他州的多。

统计局官员还表示，人口增长第二快的族群是兼有至少两个种族的群体。多种族族群增长3.1%至660万人。他们的年龄中位数为20岁，在所有种族和民族之中最年轻。

实际上，美国人口最多元化的一代是孩子们。统计局数据显示，在21世纪出生的一代人里，有49%、将近半数都属于非西班牙裔白人以外的种族或者民族。而所谓“千禧一代”——1982年至2000年出生的美国人中，非西班牙裔白人之外的人口占44.5%。

白人增长最慢。

美国的白人人口增速最低。

统计局发现，包括有其他种族血统的白人在内，白人人口2014年至2015年仅增长0.5%。超过2.55亿人自称是白人或混血白人。加州的这类白人达到2980万人，是美国这类族群人口最多的州。不过白人最密集的是佛蒙特州，96.6%的居民自称白人或混血白人。

纯种白人的人数变化极小。有1.98亿人自称纯种白人，微增0.1%。加州也是纯种白人最多的州，人数达到1490万。不过缅因州是纯种白人最密集的州，占比高达93.6%。

佛罗里达州萨姆特县（Sumter County）是最老龄化的县。

美国人口年龄最大的县是佛罗里达州萨姆特县，大部分居民都在65岁以上。

官方数据显示，将近55%的萨姆特县居民到了退休年龄，居民的平均年龄为66.6岁。

萨姆特县也是美国人口增长最快的地区之一。奥兰多市西北的退休老人社区“村落”（The Villages）是美国人口增长最快的城区，增速达到5.4%，居民已达11.4万人。统计局人口测算与预期事务副局长杰森·戴文认为，之所以当地人口增多和老龄化加快，部分就是因为“村落”之类地区对外地人吸引力大。

“随着国内65岁及以上年龄的人口增长，其他有类似‘村落’退休社区的县会更接近（65岁）老龄化门槛。”

只有一个人口千人以上的县和萨姆特县的居民年龄接近，就是新墨西哥州的卡朗县（Catron County）。该县人口年龄中位数为60.1岁。

美国人口最年轻的县是哪个？是弗吉尼亚州的莱克星顿县（Lexington County），居民年龄中位数仅为22.4岁。（财富中文网）

译者：Pessy

审校：夏林

Asians remain the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, according to new information from the Census Bureau.

The nation’s Asian population grew at 3.4% between July 2014 and 2015, with migration responsible for the majority of the growth, government officials said Thursday. There are now 21 million Asians in the United States, with Hawaii as the nation’s only majority Asian state.

Sam Garrow, a Census Department demographer, said Asians have been the fastest-growing race group since about 2000, and the main driving force is international migration. In 2013, China replaced Mexico as the top sending country for immigrants to the United States, officials said.

Other minority groups grew as well. The Hispanic population grew by 2.2% to 56.6 million, and New Mexico had the largest percentage of Hispanics in the country at 48%. The African-American population grew by 1.3% to 46.3 million, with Mississippi holding the nation’s largest percentage at 38.3%. And the American Indian and Alaska native population grew 1.5% to a total of 6.6 million, with Alaska having the largest percent at 19.5%.

California has the largest number of most racial and ethnic groups, with more Hispanics, whites, Asians and American Indians than any other state. New York state has more blacks than any other state, and Hawaii has the largest numeric population of Native Hawaiians than any other state.

The second fastest-growing racial group was those who claim two or more races, government officials said. The number of people who claimed two or more races grew 3.1% to 6.6 million. This group was also the youngest group of all racial or ethnic groups with a median age of 20 years old.

In fact, the most diverse generation is the nation’s youngest. Census figures show that of those born since 2000, nearly half—or 49%—belong to a race or ethnic group other than non-Hispanic white. In contrast, 44.5% of the millennials—born between 1982 and 2000—did not classify themselves as non-Hispanic whites.

Whites Showing Slowest Growth

The nation’s white population is showing the slowest growth.

The census found that the white population, including those who chose white along with another race, grew only 0.5% between 2014 and 2015. There were more than 255 million people who said they were white or white in combination with something else. California had the largest number of these people at 29.8 million, but Vermont had the highest population of those described themselves as white or white along with another race or ethnicity at 96.6%.

The numbers change little for those who say they are white alone. There are 198 million people who say they are white alone, an increase of 0.1%. California once again had the largest population at 14.9 million, but Maine had the largest percentage as its population at 93.6%.

Sumter County, Florida, Is the Oldest

The oldest place in the United States is Sumter County, Florida, where the majority of the population is at least 65 years old.

Almost 55% of Sumter County has reached retirement age, government figures showed, and the median age in the country was 66.6 years old.

Sumter County also contains one of the fastest-growing areas in the country. The Villages retirement community located northwest of Orlando was the nation’s fastest-growing metro area with a 5.4% increase that raised the population to 114,000 residents. The attraction to areas like The Villages is part of the reason for the increase in population and age, said Jason Devine, assistant division chief for Population Estimates and Projections.

“As the nation’s 65-and-older population grows, other counties with retirement communities like The Villages will get closer to this threshold,” Devine said.

There was only one other county with a population of at least 1,000 close in age to Sumter County: Catron County, New Mexico. That county had a median age of 60.1 years.

The youngest county in the United States? Lexington County, Virginia, which had a median age of 22.4 years.