最容易出工伤的5个行业

美国劳工部统计局上周四发布报告称，据私人企业报告，去年有将近300万劳动者因公患病或受工伤，其中半数以上需要请假几天或者换岗，或工作能力受到影响。

数字可能看来惊人，但报告显示，形势较前些年已逐步好转。2015年，全职员工的因公伤病率降至3%，病例数比2014年减少了5万。劳工部统计局数据显示，过去13年，这类伤病率几乎逐年下降。

有些行业本身就比其他行业危险，然而，公司无论规模大小都可以努力提高安全管理水平。休斯敦的企业安全文化顾问布莱恩·费尔考指出，小公司往往误以为，培养重视并改善安全经营的企业文化超出了能力范围。他说：“在过时的陈腐观念里，安全是一种成本，而不是投资。事实上安全并非成本。”

上述美国劳工部统计局的年度报告仅统计了非致命伤害和疾病。另外两份将分别于今年11月和12月发布的报告将详细披露请假一天以上的伤病，以及因公死亡事故。

那么，哪些行业最容易出工伤？以下是根据事故发生率选出的五大最危险行业。（注：下文反映的是该行业的工伤率，不是疾病率。）

Last year, nearly 3 million people suffered an employer-reported illness or injury in the private sector, according to a report released Thursday by the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. More than half required days away from work, job transfers, or restrictions on ability to work.

Though that may seem alarming, the report shows steady improvement from prior years. The rate of injury and illness fell to 3 per 100 full-time workers in 2015, meaning there were 50,000 fewer cases than in 2014. Rates have fallen almost every year for the last 13 years, according to the BLS.

While some industries are inherently more dangerous than others, companies big and small can work to promote better safety practices. Brian Fielkow, a Houston-based safety culture consultant to businesses, says small companies often mistakenly believe that developing a culture that highlights and promotes safety is beyond their means. “There is old-school and outdated thinking that says safety is a cost, not an investment,” he says. “It’s not true.”

This particular BLS report, released annually, looks only at nonfatal injuries and illnesses. Two additional reports, due out in November and December, will detail workplace injuries and illnesses that require at least one day away from work, as well as workplace fatalities.

So what are the most injury-prone sectors? Here’s a breakdown of the top five based on incidence rates. (Note: The below reflects rates for injuries, not illnesses.)

5、包括客机和直升机飞行及飞行员、机械师、装卸货和货运代理等相关工作人员，航空运输的工伤率为5.8%。

5. Air transportation, which includes aircraft and helicopter flights and workers such as pilots, mechanics, and cargo and freight agents, had an injury rate of 5.8 per 100 workers.

4、木制品制造业的工伤率为5.9%。美国劳工部统计局将这类制造业定义为包括从伐木到锯木、刨木、将木料塑造成型、层压和组装在内的多种工作。

4. Wood product manufacturing, a sub-category of manufacturing, which the BLS defines generally as businesses involved in sawing, planing, shaping, laminating and assembling wood products starting from logs, had an injury rate of 5.9 per 100 workers.

3、快递员和邮差的工伤率为6.4%，相当于一年将近有3万人负工伤。

3. Couriers and messengers had nearly 30,000 injuries, with a rate of 6.4 injuries per 100 workers.

2、护理和安老机构的全职员工工伤率为6.5%，即一年因公负伤者约有16.5万人。令人不安的是，美国州政府和地方政府经营的安老院工伤率达到11.7%，几乎比私立安老院工伤率高一倍。

2. Nursing and residential care facilities workers had 6.5 injuries per 100 full-time workers, resulting in injuries for about 165,000 people. Disturbingly, state and local government-run facilities had injury rates nearly double that of private facilities, with 11.7 injuries per 100 people.

1、畜牧业的工伤率高达6.6%。劳工部统计局将其定义为在牧场、农场或者饲养场工作，最终将动物制成商品出售的行业。（财富中文网）

译者：Pessy

审校：夏林

1. Animal production, which the BLS defines as raising and fattening animals on ranches, farms, and feedlots for eventual sales as products, ranked the highest, with 6.6 injuries per 100 workers.