没了跟10位美国总统打过交道的卡斯特罗，古巴人开始害怕特朗普了

从猪湾入侵，到奥巴马对古巴的历史性访问，几代古巴人都知道，每当美国把脸转向这个国家，都会看到菲德尔·卡斯特罗的怒视。

但是，随着“指挥官同志”的离去，古巴人反而愈加担心，美国当选总统特朗普会切断古美刚刚兴起的贸易和旅游关系，让奥巴马持续了两年的缓解两国关系的努力毁于一旦。

很多古巴人认为，已故领袖依旧充满领袖魅力，面对特朗普对他的攻击，他们不能沉默。

36 岁的哈瓦那街头小贩雅内西·拉罗说：“指挥官走了，我有点担心，以特朗普的看问题和做事的方式，他可能搞出什么事来。”

她说：“他可能打断奥巴马所取得的进展。为了让美国和古巴更密切，奥巴马做了很多。”拉罗承认，她会考虑移居美国。

From the Bay of Pigs invasion to a historic visit by President Barack Obama to Havana, Cubans have known for generations that whenever the United States turns its face to Cuba, Fidel Castro would be staring right back.

But the death of “El Comandante” has added to worries among Cubans that U.S. President-elect Donald Trump will slam the door shut on nascent trade and travel ties, undoing two years of detente with the United States under Obama.

Many Cubans believe they could do with their late leader’s charisma and way with words to counter Trump’s bombast.

“With ‘El Comandante’ gone, I am a little fearful of what could happen because of Trump’s way of thinking and acting,” said Yaneisi Lara, a 36-year-old Havana street vendor and flower seller.

“He could set back and block everything that’s been going on, all the things Obama has done. And he did a lot, managing to get the U.S. closer to Cuba,” she said, admitting she would consider moving to the United States herself.

两年前，奥巴马与卡斯特罗的弟弟、古巴国务委员会主席劳尔·卡斯特罗达成了协议，结束了两国半个世纪的敌对关系。特朗普的主张与奥巴马差别很大。

在竞选总统时，为了争取佛罗里达州的古巴裔美国选民，特朗普承诺，如果当选，他将关闭美国不久前在哈瓦那重开的大使馆。

此前，在共和党总统候选人提名的竞选中，特朗普还说说，他认为可以跟古巴恢复外交关系，但奥巴马原来可以达成一个对美国更有利的协议。

如今，特朗普赢得了总统大选，他会对古巴采取何种态度，还很难说。

上周六，特朗普的高级顾问科尔亚恩·康韦在NBC的《媒体见面》节目上说：“一切都还没定。当选总统要在上任后再做决定。”

Trump has struck a very different tone from Obama, who reached an agreement two years ago with Castro’s younger brother, President Raul Castro, to end half a century of hostilities.

Late in his election campaign, Trump sought to reassure Cuban-American voters in Florida that he was firm in his opposition to the Castros, and pledged that, if elected, he would close down the newly re-opened U.S. embassy in Havana.

Earlier on, in the primary contests to pick the Republican presidential nominee, Trump said he thought restoring diplomatic ties with Cuba was fine, but that Obama ought to have cut a better deal.

Now that Trump has won the presidency, it is hard to know exactly what his approach to Cuba will be.

“None of that has been decided,” Trump’s senior adviser, Kellyanne Conway, said on NBC’s “Meet the Press” on Sunday. “The president-elect will make those decisions once he takes office.”

然而，即将在特朗普就职后担任白宫幕僚长的雷因斯·普里布斯说，特朗普会要求古巴政府提供更大的政治自由，如果要求得不到满足，他就会收回奥巴马的政策。

周日，普里布斯又在福克斯新闻台上说：“美国不会单边向古巴示好，除非劳尔·卡斯特罗的政府采取一些行动。”

菲德尔·卡斯特罗逝世后，奥巴马称他为“非凡人物”，特朗普却说他是“野蛮的独裁者”。

卡斯特罗的职业生涯始于推翻美国支持的政府。1961年，他挫败了由中央情报局支持的猪湾反革命入侵，一年后，又在古巴导弹危机中向美国总统肯尼迪叫板。

However, Reince Priebus, who will be Trump’s chief of staff when he takes office on Jan. 20, said Trump would call for more political freedoms from the Cuban government, and that if he did not get this he would roll back Obama’s opening.

“There isn’t going to be a one-way relationship from the United States to Cuba without some action from the Castro administration,” Priebus said on Fox News Sunday.

After the death of the 90-year-old Fidel Castro on Friday, Obama called him a “singular figure,” while Trump described him as a “brutal dictator.”

Castro began his career as a revolutionary by toppling a U.S.-backed government. He repelled a CIA-backed counter-revolutionary invasion at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, and faced off against President John F. Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis a year later.

在当权的49年间，他曾与10位美国总统正面交锋。2008年，他正式退休，此后一直保持低调。不过，卡斯特罗仍在不停地警告古巴人，美国政府不可信任。

尽管劳尔·卡斯特罗更加靠近美国，但在政治上，并没有对奥巴马做太多让步。

奥巴马也没能说服国会，取消对古巴的贸易禁运，但他本人反对制裁，依靠行政手段批准了一些对古巴的合同和商务活动。

本周一，美国的一个商务航班将飞到哈瓦那，这是半个世纪以来的第一次。

特朗普极可能重审奥马巴采取的措施。他的过渡团队包括了毛里希奥·克拉弗-卡弗，此人是维持对古严厉制裁的主要倡导者。特朗普在上周六曾说，在他上任后，美国政府将“尽可能地”帮助失去了卡斯特罗的古巴人民拥有更多的自由和财富，但他没提到任何具体行动。

During 49 years in office, he crossed swords with 10 U.S. presidents. And while he took a lower profile after officially retiring in 2008, Castro never stopped warning Cubans that the American government was not to be trusted.

Although moving closer to the United States, Raul Castro has not given up much ground to the Obama administration in terms of liberalizing Cuba’s one-party political system.

Obama did not succeed in convincing Congress to lift the United States’ tough economic embargo on Cuba, but he personally opposed the sanctions and used executive actions to allow more contact and commerce.

The first U.S. commercial flight to Havana in about half a century is due to arrive on Monday.

Trump could easily review such measures. He has included Mauricio Claver-Carone, a leading advocate for maintaining a tough economic embargo, in his transition team.

Without giving any specifics, Trump said on Saturday that his administration would “do all it can” once he takes office to help increase freedom and prosperity for Cuban people after the death of Castro.

39岁的哈瓦那出租车司机帕布罗·马丁内斯说：“特朗普跟奥巴马完全相反。”

古巴国民受过良好教育，但就业不充分，生活比较艰难。与美国打交道能赚到更多的钱。马丁内斯担心，等特朗普上台，这些钱就没有了。

马丁内斯现在给外国人开出租，每周可以赚100到120美元。他说：“未来，游客数量会减少，这会影响到古巴所有人，打击古巴经济。”

68岁的佩德罗·马查多是位退位工程师，如今，他把自己在哈瓦那的一处“海景房”租了出去。他担心，特朗普那些冒犯的言辞会制造麻烦。

他说：“特朗普的政策太偏激，但我们需要观察他实际做了什么。但对于拉丁美洲，尤其是对古巴，他的上台是个坏消息。”

他还说：“我这一代得益于卡斯特罗的革命，我是说在教育方面，穷人得到了帮助。革命并不都是好事，但卡斯特罗确实帮助了我们。美国做事就像一个帝国，特朗普代表的，就是这么一个帝国。从他说的那些话看，未来看起来不是很好。”

“Trump is the polar opposite of Obama,” said burly Havana taxi driver Pablo Fernandez Martinez, 39, as he hustled for work.

Life in Cuba remains hard for its educated but underemployed people, but engagement with the United States has brought in more dollars. Martinez fears that could dry up in Trump’s administration.

“There will probably be less tourist traffic. That will affect everyone in Cuba, and hit the economy,” said Martinez, who earns $100-$120 a week driving for foreigners.

Pedro Machado, 68, is a retired engineer in marine research who now rents out rooms in his airy apartment near Havana’s “Malecon” seafront. Watching television with his wife, Machado worried that Trump’s angry rhetoric could spell trouble.

“Trump’s policies are very aggressive. We’ll have to see what he actually does. But it certainly looks like bad news for Latin America and for Cuba in particular,” he said.

“My generation benefited from Fidel’s revolution, in terms of education, the poor were helped. Not everything was a bed of roses, but Fidel helped us,” he added “The United States has acted as an empire, and that’s what Trump represents. Given what he has said, the future is not looking great.”