5位国际大咖评选2016年最重要的时刻

此时大多数人可能都在庆幸：多灾多难的2016年总算要结束了。这一年，美国总统大选搞出了个“大新闻”,全球气温打破了历史纪录，多个城市爆发了恐怖袭击，一些国家仍然内战泥潭无法自拔，此外还有一些名人撒手人寰。

不过你也不要被这些负面新闻吓到了，2016年也并非没有发生过好事。我们采访了不同领域的六名专家，看看他们眼中2016年最重要的时刻有哪些，其中有些事件虽然意义重大，但媒体对其报道得却并不多。从下面这些时刻可以看出，2016年其实还是很值得庆祝的一年的。

联合国环境署海洋卫士、世界经济论坛全球青年领袖刘易斯·皮尤（Lewis Pugh）：南极洲罗斯海海洋保护区的成立

Most people will be glad to see the back of 2016. It was a year of shock elections, record-breaking global temperatures, devastating terrorist attacks, ongoing civil wars, and high-profile celebrity deaths.

But don’t let the negative headlines fool you: it wasn’t all bad news. We asked six experts in different areas to share with us their defining moments of 2016, with a particular focus on events that maybe didn’t get as much coverage as they should have. As you’ll see, this past year has given us plenty of cause for celebration.

Lewis Pugh: The creation of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area

南极洲罗斯海海洋保护区（MPA）的宣告成立，不仅是2016年的一件大事，也在世界环保史上写下了划时代的一笔。

24国及欧盟领导人齐聚一堂，宣告建立了人类有史以来最大的自然保护区（不论是陆地还是海上）。为了让你产生一个更直观的认识，罗斯海海洋保护区的面积大约是英法德意四国领土面积的总和。在地缘政治压力与日俱增的当下，该保护的建立为我们带来了一丝希望的曙光，它表明我们这颗星球的南北极仍然是以合作和沟通为主流的地区。

The declaration of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Antarctica is not only a defining moment of 2016, but a monumental moment in the history of conservation.

Twenty-four nations and the EU came together to create the biggest protected area in history (on land or in the sea). To put it in perspective, it’s the size of the U.K., France, Germany, and Italy combined. Its creation is a beacon of hope in a time of increased geopolitical tension. It shows that the Polar Regions continue to be a place for cooperation and bridge-building.

罗斯海海洋保护区内生活着大量具有象征意义的物种，包括帝企鹅、阿德利企鹅、座头鲸、南极美露鳕鱼以及许多因过度捕杀已在其他海域濒临绝迹的海洋生物。该保护区的重要性还在于它是建立在公海上的第一个大型保护区，因此它也为世界其他许多地区的环保工作树立了典范。

女电影导演迪亚·汗（Deeyah Khan）：女性站起来直面极权主义

2016年，全球极端势力再次针对女性的各种教育、社交和职业机会发起攻击，在一定程度上削弱了女权主义运动的成功。

很多时候，这些女性被描绘成了受害者的模样。在有些事件中，她们甚至被视作极端势力的帮凶——比如今年法国戛纳禁穿伯基尼泳装事件，以及围绕此事引起的抗议活动。

如果说2016年教会了我们什么，那就是女性有能力在社会层面上挑战和阻止极端势力的蔓延。与男性相比，女性与其所居住的社区的联系往往更加紧密，与其他社区成员也有着较强的联系。因此，她们也最容易组织起来对抗极权主义的发展，发现和反击导致极权主义思想产生的根本因素。

因此，我认为今年一个特别好的消息，就是由和平活动家萨纳姆·纳拉吉领导的女性安全领导联盟在今年九月的联合国大会期间发起的“全球解决方案交流”（Global Solutions Exchange）计划。这些女性网络已经开始发挥抗击激进主义的作用。随着这个平台的成立，她们终于能够得到急需的支持了。

PayPal公司企业事务高级副总裁弗朗茨·帕舍（Franz Paasche）：企业社会责任感加强

Once again in 2016, extremists across the world attacked women’s educational, social and professional opportunities, rolling back the successes of feminist campaigning.

All too often, these women are painted as victims – or in some cases they are seen as potential perpetrators of violence, as we saw this year with the burkini ban and the furore that surrounded it.

But if there’s anything 2016 taught us, it’s that women’s most valuable role may be in challenging and preventing extremism at the community level. Women are often more engaged within their communities than men, and have strong networks with other members of the community. For that reason, they’re in the best position to organize and challenge the development of extremism and to identify and counter the factors that cause it in the first place.

That’s why my stand-out good news story of the year was when the Women’s Alliance for Security Leadership, led by peace activist Sanam Naraghi, launched the Global Solutions Exchange at the United Nations General Assembly in September. These networks of women are already working against radicalization. With the launch of this platform, they might finally get the support they need.

Franz Paasche: The rise of social purpose on the business agenda

2016年，私营企业重新定义了他们在发挥正面社会影响力上的角色。近些年来，私营企业已经不能再仅靠出具一份光鲜的企业责任报告、捐一点慈善款就能忽悠所有人了。企业的顾客、股东和员工都希望领先的企业不仅能树立起独一无二的社会使命、愿景和价值，同时也能从内到外、一以贯之地将其践行到底。

年初至今，我们已经看到有越来越多的企业站了出来，通过价值取向型领导模式彰显了自身的社会责任感。比如当北卡罗来纳州出台了针对LGBT群体的歧视法案后，当包容的价值观受到挑战时，PayPal毅然放弃了向该州拓展业务的计划。此外，我们还看到Salesforce、Target、星巴克和AT&T等公司为平权事业奔走呼号，通过一些重要活动践行他们的价值观。

作为一个整体，现在，企业界有机会也有责任为我们所服务的消费者和我们赖以工作、生活和创业的社会、城市乃至国家创造持久的正面影响。2016年的经历表明，企业只要将社会责任感置于企业日程的核心，是可以促进社会的变革的。

哈佛大学国际发展实践学教授卡莱斯托斯·祖玛（Calestous Juma）：非洲农业迎来拐点

In 2016, the private sector continued to redefine its role in generating positive social impact. For some time now, it has no longer been enough to simply publish a glossy corporate social responsibility report or make adjacent philanthropic grants. Customers, shareholders and employees alike expect that leading companies will not only adopt their own unique mission, vision and values, but live them – inside and out.

Over the past year, we have seen more and more corporations step forward to make a difference through values-driven leadership. When our own value of inclusion was put to the test, PayPal made the decision to withdraw plans to expand into North Carolina following the state’s passage of discriminatory legislation against the LGBT community. In other instances, we saw companies such as Salesforce, Target, Starbucks, and AT&T take a stand for equality and validate their values through essential public action.

Collectively, we have the opportunity and obligation to make a positive, lasting impact for the constituencies we serve and for the communities – and in some cases cities and nations – where we live, work and do business. 2016 highlighted that corporations can inspire change by placing social purpose at the core of our business agendas.

Calestous Juma: A turning point for African agriculture

在我看来，2016年的决定性时刻，也是媒体报道最少的时刻之一：AGRA最近发布的一份报告确认了非洲农业正在稳步复苏。如果这种势头能够持续下去，那么非洲的农业革命将在非洲的经济转型中起到关键作用。

为什么我把它作为2016年的“决定性”时刻呢？因为非洲的农业革命除了能帮助非洲大陆实现粮食的自给自足，还有助于建立新的工作岗位，实现人口脱贫，促进新技术在广域经济中的普及。这种变化可能比所有人估计的还要快得多。同样重要的还有新世纪以来，非洲各国政府在农业发展上所扮演的战略性角色。

要知道，五年前，非洲部分地区还在遭遇有史以来最严重的粮食危机，因此非洲当前正在发生的粮食革命绝对是举世瞩目的成就。

国际刑事法庭访问专家、世界经济论坛全球青年领袖蕾妮·玛利亚·特伦布莱（Renée MariaTremblay）：可持续发展目标

For me, the defining moment of 2016 was also one of the least reported pieces of news: the release of the latest AGRA report that confirmed the steady revival of African agriculture. If sustained, the emerging agricultural revolution will play a key role in the economic transformation of the continent.

Why is this such a big deal – my “defining” moment of 2016? Because, aside from helping Africa to feed itself, an agricultural revolution will create jobs, lift people out of poverty and help diffuse new technologies into the wider economy. These changes could happen far sooner than anyone would have predicted. Equally important is the role that African governments have played since the turn of the century in focusing on the strategic role of agriculture.

Given that just five years ago, parts of the continent were in the grips of the worst food crisis in history, this progress is nothing short of remarkable.

Renée Maria Tremblay: The Sustainable Development Goals

对我来说，2016年的重要时刻并非只有一个，而是有很多个。我们跨越社会、国家和大洲，展示了我们的坚忍、包容和多元。

与此形成对比的是，是年内一些对社会造成了撕裂的时刻。我认为它们也是同样重要的。但仍然是那些积极的时刻造就了我们。

当我们的国家向难民开放边界时，我们显然展现了人性中最美好的一面。我们的社会、制度和企业在多元化中找到了力量。作为个人，我们每个人都展示了对他人的关爱。

For me, there was no one defining moment in 2016 but a collection of them throughout the year, when across communities, countries, and continents we demonstrated tolerance, inclusivity, and diversity.

Those moments stand in contrast with the divisive ones that we also witnessed during the year, but I think that they defined it equally. And those positive moments defined us.

We were obviously at our best when our countries opened their borders, our communities, institutions and businesses found strength in diversity, and each of us as individuals brought others into the conversation.

在这方面的一个例子便是今年年初正式生效的联合国可持续发展目标。这些目标中的好几个都体现了我们对忍耐、包容和多元等价值观的共同追求，如目标16（和平、正义与坚实的制度）、目标10（减少不平等）和目标5（性别平等）等等，并且建立了一个全球性的计划。（财富中文网）

译者：朴成奎

An example of this was the new Sustainable Development Goals, which came into effect in early 2016. Together, the SDGs promote our shared values of tolerance, inclusivity and diversity through goals 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions), 10 (reduced inequalities) and 5 (gender equality), among others, and set a new global agenda.