特朗普抛弃气候变化协定可能造成严重公共卫生问题

据多家媒体报道，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普料将下令美国退出历史性的巴黎气候变化协定。专家预计，此举可能导致全球性环保问题。

世界卫生组织（WHO）指出，全球气候变化引发多种医疗卫生需求。气候模式变化导致的反常洪灾可能造成人员伤亡，传播致病菌，摧毁当地经济。此外，由于人身和经济方面的安全受到影响，人们的精神健康也会受创。即便在美国等发达国家，（与燃烧化石燃料有关的）空气污染等环境因素也成为医疗效果下降的原因之一。贫富差距和医疗覆盖不足导致形势进一步恶化。

2015年年末，190多个国家决定正视公共医疗卫生的严峻现状，达成了有关气候变化的巴黎协定。（巴黎协定的详细介绍可参见我同事劳拉•恩蒂斯的梳理文章。）虽然能源业将最受巴黎协定打击，但WHO和其他公共卫生组织都对协定表示大力赞许，认为协定有望为发达国家和新兴国家控制死亡率与发病率发挥作用。

去年WHO表示：“随着各国纷纷采取行动，全球气候变化协定将对公共卫生政策产生重大影响。正如协定中提到的，保障人类‘健康权’是采取行动的核心目标。”

但“签署国采取行动”才是实现WHO最终目标的关键。巴黎协定的支持者预计，美国退出气候变化协定可能带来负面效应，其他协定签约国会减少动力，不会根据协定要求积极推行必要政策。

美国将成为全球第三个退出巴黎协定的国家，在此之前退出的是叙利亚和尼加拉瓜。（财富中文网）

译者：Pessy

审稿：夏林

President Donald Trump is expected to withdraw the United States from the historic Paris climate agreement, according to multiple media reports. If he does, the move could have significant implications for global health, according to experts.

That's because, as the World Health Organization (WHO) notes, the effects of climate change cut across multiple kinds of health care needs. A freak flood precipitated by changing climate patterns could simultaneously kill and injure people, spread disease-causing pathogens, and devastate local economies. The ensuing disruptions to physical and economic security can take a serious toll on mental health. Even in more developed countries like the U.S., environmental factors like poor air quality (which is associated with fossil fuel burning) have been linked with diminished medical outcomes that are exacerbated by income inequality and a lack of access to health care.

The climate change-related Paris accords reached in late 2015 by more than 190 countries put public health front and center. (For a more complete explainer on exactly what the agreement is and what it does, read my colleague Laura Entis' rundown here.) While the energy industry would be most affected by the deal, the WHO and other public health agencies lauded its potential to curb death and illness in advanced nations and emerging markets alike.

"The world now has a global climate agreement that will have a major public health policy impact as countries take action. As stated in the agreement, 'the right to health', will be central to the actions taken," wrote the global health organization last year.

But the "as countries take action" part is critical to achieving the WHO's ultimate stated goal. And a U.S. departure from the climate agreement could lead to a downstream effect where other countries feel less compelled to implement the policies necessary to meet the Paris deal's thresholds, according to its supporters.

The United States would join just two other nations—Syria and Nicaragua—in pulling out of the climate agreement.