全球十大最拥堵城市排行榜出炉

Inrix发布的年度全球交通计分卡显示，全球十大最拥堵城市有一半在美国。Inrix致力于汇总和分析从交通工具与公路基础设施收集的交通数据。

全球最拥堵的城市是洛杉矶，纽约市和莫斯科并列第二位。旧金山排在第五位。亚特兰大和迈阿密也排在前十名以内。

该排名基于对1,360个城市的分析。通过拥堵数据可以了解每座城市独有的交通问题，如何用技术解决这些问题（或者使问题变得更糟糕），以及叫车服务、汽车共乘和最终的自动驾驶等新型交通模式。这些数据也显示出司机和城市（即纳税人）为交通难题付出的代价，因为他们必须为公路改善和基础设施维护买单。

去年，洛杉矶人在高峰拥堵时段被堵在路上的平均时间为102个小时，每一位驾驶员为此支付的直接和间接成本为2,828美元，全市的拥堵成本达到192亿美元。直接成本是指燃料成本和浪费的时间的价值，而间接成本则是公司车辆堵在路上的时间产生的货运和业务费用。Inrix认为，公司会通过提高价格将这些费用转嫁给每个家庭。

全球十大最拥堵城市为：

1. 洛杉矶

2. 纽约市（并列）

2. 莫斯科（并列）

4. 巴西圣保罗

5. 旧金山

6. 波哥大

7. 伦敦

8. 亚特兰大

9. 巴黎

10. 迈阿密

美国十大最拥堵城市为：

1. 洛杉矶

2. 纽约市

3. 旧金山

4. 亚特兰大

5. 迈阿密

6. 华盛顿特区

7. 波士顿

8. 芝加哥

9. 西雅图

10. 达拉斯

美国十大最拥堵城市中，有八个城市都在亚马逊（Amazon）正在考虑作为第二未来总部HQ2所在地的前20个城市名单当中。

调查结果显示，美国是全世界最拥堵的发达国家，全美司机每年在高峰时段被堵在路上的时间平均为41小时，2017年的司机成本接近3,050亿美元，人均1,445美元。

在全世界最拥堵的国家当中，美国排在第五位（与俄罗斯并列），每位司机在高峰时段的通勤耗时为41小时。排在第一位的是泰国，司机在高峰拥堵时段平均耗时56小时。

全球十大最拥堵国家为：

1. 泰国

2. 印度尼西亚

3. 哥伦比亚

4. 委内瑞拉

5. 美国（并列）

5. 俄罗斯（并列）

7. 巴西（并列）

7. 南非（并列）

9. 土耳其

10. 英国

分析发现，所有城市的拥堵类型不尽相同。纽约与旧金山的平均拥堵率与洛杉矶接近，但三个城市却表现出截然不同的通勤模式。例如，旧金山的主干道和城市街道在高峰通勤时段的拥堵率最高（与波士顿相当），而纽约市却是在日间的拥堵最为严重。（财富中文网）

译者：刘进龙/汪皓 

Five of the top 10 most congested cities in the world are located in the United States, according to a global traffic scorecard published annually by Inrix, a company that aggregates and analyzes traffic data collected from vehicles and highway infrastructure.

Los Angeles is the most congested city in the world, followed by New York City and Moscow, which are tied for the second place spot. San Francisco is the fifth most congested. Atlanta and Miami also make the top 10 list.

The scorecard is based on an analysis of 1,360 cities. The congestion data provides insight into each city’s unique set of transportation problems and how they might be solved (or made worse) with technology and new forms of transporatation such as ride-hailing, car-sharing, and eventually self-driving vehicles. It also shows what the transportation headaches are costing drivers and the city (meaning taxpayers) that must pay for road improvements and infrastructure maintenance.

Angelenos spent an average of 102 hours last year in traffic jams during peak congestion hours, costing drivers $2,828 each and the city $19.2 billion from direct and indirect costs. Direct costs relate to the value of fuel and time wasted, and indirect costs refer to freight and business fees from company vehicles idling in traffic. Those fees are then passed on to households through higher prices, according to Inrix.

The top 10 most congested cities in the world are:

1. Los Angeles

2. New York City (tie)

2. Moscow (tie)

4. Sao Paulo, Brazil

5. San Francisco

6. Bogotá

7. London

8. Atlanta

9. Paris

10. Miami

The top 10 most congested cities in the U.S. are:

1. Los Angeles

2. New York City

3. San Francisco

4. Atlanta

5. Miami

6. Washington, D.C.

7. Boston

8. Chicago

9. Seattle

10. Dallas

Eight of the top 10 most congested cities in the U.S. also happen to be on Amazon’s top 20 list of cities under consideration for the location of its second future headquarters, dubbed HQ2.

Based on the findings, the U.S. ranked as the most congested developed country in the world, with drivers spending an average of 41 hours a year in traffic during peak hours, which cost drivers nearly $305 billion in 2017, an average of $1,445 per person.

Overall, the U.S. is in fifth place (and tied with Russia) as the most congested country, with drivers spending 41 peak hours commuting. The most congested country in the world is Thailand, with drivers spending an average of 56 hours in peak-hour congestion.

The top 10 most congested countries are:

1. Thailand

2. Indonesia

3. Colombia

4. Venezuela

5. United States (tie)

5. Russia (tie)

7. Brazil (tie)

7. South Africa (tie)

9.Turkey

10. United Kingdom

The analysis revealed that not all cities have the same kind of congestion. Both New York and San Francisco have similar average congestion rate as Los Angeles, but show different commute patterns. San Francisco, for example, had the highest congestion rate (tied with Boston) on arterial and city streets during the peak commute hours, while New York holds the top spot during the daytime.