美国养车平均成本最高的十个城市
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如今开车的成本变得越来越高，车主每年花在汽车保养、加油、保险和停泊上的金额高达数千美元。 交通数据分析公司Inrix 的新研究显示，2017年在美国养一辆车的平均成本为10,288美元，比英国和德国的平均水平分别高出55%和14%。而在美国的某些城市，养车的代价甚至还要更高。 Inrix计算了在美国、英国和德国的30个主要城市养车的直接成本，例如保养、加油、保险、停泊和通行费等。他们还研究了买车带来的间接成本，包括浪费的时间、碳排放、停车罚款、多付停车费等。 成本荣登榜首的是纽约，这是对纽约人来说可不是好事。 研究发现，纽约的车主在2017年的平均养车费用是18,926美元，其中停车费在其中占了很大一部分。这个数字几乎达到了美国2017年平均养车费10,288美元的两倍。 平均来看，纽约居民停车次数和付费金额都比其他城市的居民更高。在纽约，车主每周要付10次停车费。而非主要街道的平均停车费28美元/两小时也在美国居于首位。 在讨论榜单之前，值得关注的是Inrix确定直接和间接成本的方式。直接成本是将美国联邦公路管理局（U.S. Federal Highway Administration）提供的每年里程数，乘以美国国税局（IRS）发布的商用汽车每英里扣费额得出的。2017年，美国国税局规定的每英里扣费是53.7美分，这反映的是开车的平均花销，包括购买、出租、贷款、折旧、保养、保险、加油、停泊、通行和税费。 间接成本则包含堵车和所谓停车的烦恼带来的成本。Inrix计算了堵车和寻找车位消耗的时间、燃料和碳排放量的价值，以及多付的停车费（例如只需要停30分钟却必须交2小时停车费）和停车罚款的费用。 在美国养车最贵的十大城市中，车主需要付出相同的直接成本，都为7,237美元。Inrix在此基础上增加了停车费与堵车和难以停车导致的间接成本，以此计算养车的总成本。后面这三个因素在不同的城市差别很大。 1. 纽约 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：5,395美元 • 堵车：2,960美元 • 难以停车：3,334美元 纽约养车总成本：18,926美元 2. 洛杉矶 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：2,405美元 • 堵车：2,808美元 • 难以停车：2,383美元 洛杉矶养车总成本：14,834美元 3. 旧金山 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：2,801美元 • 堵车：2,226美元 • 难以停车：2,361美元 旧金山养车总成本：14,625美元 4. 华盛顿 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：2,170美元 • 堵车：2,045美元 • 难以停车：1,846美元 华盛顿养车总成本：13,297美元 5. 芝加哥 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：2,096美元 • 堵车：1,982美元 • 难以停车：1,576美元 芝加哥养车总成本：12,890美元 6. 波士顿 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：2,045美元 • 堵车：2,075美元 • 难以停车：1,497美元 波士顿养车总成本：12,853美元 7. 西雅图 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：1,274美元 • 堵车：1,834美元 • 难以停车：1,504美元 西雅图养车总成本：11,848美元 8. 亚特兰大 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：872美元 • 堵车：2,205美元 • 难以停车：1,264美元 亚特兰大养车总成本：11,578美元 9. 达拉斯 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：723美元 • 堵车：1,671美元 • 难以停车：1,210美元 达拉斯养车总成本：10,841美元 10. 底特律 • 养车基础成本：7,237美元 • 停车费：815美元 • 堵车：1,251美元 • 难以停车：900美元 底特律养车总成本：10,203美元（财富中文网） 译者：严匡正
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Driving a car is more expensive than ever with owners shelling out thousands of dollars annually to maintain, fuel, insure, and park their vehicles. The average cost of owning a car in the U.S. was $10,288 in 2017, 55% more than for the average U.K. driver and 14% more than the average German driver, according to a new study by Inrix, a company that analyzes traffic data. And in some U.S. cities the cost of ownership is even higher. Inrix calculated the direct costs of car ownership such as maintenance, fuel, insurance, parking and toll fees in 30 major cities in the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. It also looked at the indirect costs that come with car ownership, including wasted time, carbon emissions, parking fines, and overpaying for parking. The winner—or loser, if you’re a car owner—is New York City. Car owners in New York City spent an average of $18,926 in 2017, mostly due to parking costs, the study found. That figure is nearly two times the U.S. national average of $10,288 in 2017. On average, New Yorkers parked more and paid more than car owners in other cities. In New York, car owners paid to park 10 times a week. They also paid the most for parking with the average off-street rate of $28 for two hours. Before getting into the list, it’s worth digging into exactly how Inrix determined direct and indirect costs. Direct costs were calculated by multiplying the annual mileage traveled—a figure supplied by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration—by the IRS-stated per-mile write-off rates that can be claimed when using a vehicle for business purposes. The IRS-stated per-mile rate is 53.7 cents in 2017, reflecting the average cost of running a car. These costs include buying or leasing a vehicle as well as the financing, depreciation, maintenance, insurance, fuel, parking and toll fees, and taxes. The indirect metric includes the cost of congestion and so-called parking pain. Inrix calculated the time, fuel, and value of carbon emissions from sitting in congestion and searching for parking as well as overpaying for parking (e.g. paying for two hours when only 30 minutes is needed) and parking fines. The top 10 most expensive U.S. cities to own a car all start with the same direct “car ownership” cost of $7,237. From here, Inrix adds in parking costs as well as the indirect costs of congestion and “parking pain,” three factors that vary depending on the city, to calculate the total cost of driving. 1. New York • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $5,395 • Congestion: $2,960 • Parking pain: $3,334 Total cost of driving in New York: $18,926 2. Los Angeles • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $2,405 • Congestion: $2,808 • Parking pain: $2,383 Total cost of driving in Los Angeles: $14,834 3. San Francisco • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $2,801 • Congestion: $2,226 • Parking pain: $2,361 Total cost of driving in San Francisco: $14,625 4. Washington D.C. • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $2,170 • Congestion: $2,045 • Parking pain: $1,846 Total cost of driving in DC: $13,297 5. Chicago • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $2,096 • Congestion: $1,982 • Parking pain: $1,576 Total cost of driving in Chicago: $12.890 6. Boston • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $2,045 • Congestion: $2,075 • Parking pain: $1,497 Total cost of driving in Boston: $12,853 7. Seattle • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $1,274 • Congestion: $1,834 • Parking pain: $1,504 Total cost of driving in Seattle: $11,848 8. Atlanta • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $872 • Congestion: $2,205 • Parking pain: $1,264 Total cost of driving in Atlanta: $11,578 9. Dallas • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $723 • Congestion: $1,671 • Parking pain: $1,210 Total cost of driving in Dallas: $10,841 10. Detroit • Car ownership baseline: $7,237 • Parking: $815 • Congestion: $1,251 • Parking pain: $900 Total cost of driving in Detroit: $10,203 |
