贸易战让美国车企遭受“两面夹击”

在中美贸易纠纷中，受影响最大的或许莫过于在华进行生产的美国汽车厂商。

两大美国商业组织——中国美国商会和上海美国商会于上周四联合发布的调查结果显示，美中相互加征关税已经产生了广泛影响。

汽车行业受到的冲击尤其明显。接受调查的汽车厂商中，80.5%的公司表示自己受到了美国关税的冲击，受中国反制措施影响的占75%。中美均对来自对方的进口整车及零部件征收关税。

汽车行业之外，逾60%在华美国公司表示受到中美互征关税影响。

受访者表示，成本上升，利润下降，如果特朗普总统把威胁变为行动，对另外2000亿美元的中国商品征收关税，情况就只会变得更糟。74.3%的受访者认为如此全面征税将对他们产生不利影响，另有67.6%的受访者表示中国的报复性措施将使其蒙受损失。

上海美国商会主席郑艺说：“这次调查证实了我们的担忧，关税已对美国企业产生负面影响，若美国对另外2000亿美元中国商品加征关税，将带来更多痛苦。如果几乎一半的美国公司预计美国的下一轮关税将产生很大的不利影响，那么美国政府就是在伤害它本应给予帮助的对象。”

对特朗普平衡中美贸易关系并解决“长期不公平问题”的大目标，郑艺表示支持。但他指出：“我们可以采用无差别关税以外的手段。”

美国国内，政府在加征关税方面同样遇到了相当大的阻力，思科和惠普等企业最近请求美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽改变策略。来自中国的进口商品成本上升已经伤害到了小公司，而且许多人都认为下一波冲击将开始体现在美国消费者的钱包上。（财富中文网）

译者：Charlie

审校：夏林

In the ongoing trade dispute between the U.S. and China, perhaps no companies are more affected than American automakers that are manufacturing their cars in China.

The biggest American business groups in China, AmCham China and AmCham Shanghai, jointly issued a survey last Thursday that showed widespread impacts from the U.S.’s tariffs on China, and the resulting Chinese tariffs on the U.S.

The effects are being particularly felt in the automotive industry. Of the respondents to the survey from that sector, 80.5% said they had been hit by the American tariffs, and 75% by the Chinese retaliation—each side has levied tariffs on imports of vehicles and components from the other.

Zoom out from the automotive sector, and more than 60% of American companies in China said they have been affected by the tit-for-tat spat.

In short, costs are up and profits are down, and the situation would only get worse if President Trump follows through with his threat to levy tariffs on a further $200 billion worth of imports from China, respondents said—74.3% said they expected to be negatively affected by that broadside, and 67.6% said they expected to take damage from the Chinese response.

“This survey affirms our concerns: tariffs are already negatively impacting U.S. companies and the imposition of a proposed $200 billion tranche will bring a lot more pain,” said AmCham Shanghai chairman Eric Zheng. “If almost a half of American companies anticipate a strong negative impact from the next round of U.S. tariffs, then the U.S. administration will be hurting the companies it should be helping.”

Zheng expressed support for Trump’s wider aim of levelling the playing field between the U.S. and China, and addressing “long-standing inequities.” However, he added, “we can do so through means other than blanket tariffs.”

The White House faces plenty of opposition toward fresh tariffs back home, too, with companies such as Cisco and Hewlett-Packard recently pleading with U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer to change tack. Small businesses are being hurt by the rising cost of imports from China, and many expect the next tranche would start being felt in American consumers’ wallets.