世行行长宝座竞争引出女性难题

    大学兄弟会预备会员遭受的欺侮虐待跟世行（World Bank）有关联吗？答案是肯定的，而且关系远比你能想象的大得多。

    最新一期《滚石》杂志（Rolling Stone）刊文，绘声绘色地描述了前达特茅斯学院（Dartmouth）兄弟会成员安德鲁•罗瑟在西格玛阿尔法爱普西龙（Sigma Alpha Epsilon）兄弟会遭遇的悲惨经历。文章充斥着令人作呕的奇闻秘事，比如兄弟会预备会员被迫吞食呕吐物并互相涂抹呕吐物。罗瑟将被虐待的经历向校方告发。这些耸人听闻的内容不由让人质疑学校管理团队背后的人物，也就是达特茅斯学院院长金永吉到底起到了什么作用。

    金永吉是世行（World Bank）行长美国提名候选人，这是无数人梦寐以求的荣耀。他是一位人类学家、内科医生，是非政府组织“健康伙伴”（Partners in Health）的共同创始人，还曾经担任世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）艾滋病部门负责人。金永吉的履历令人印象深刻，但是在达特茅斯学院，以及他最近出版的世行未来展望报告中，他似乎都忘记了一个非常重要的元素，那就是女性。

    《滚石》杂志文章称，当年，金永吉的前任、前达特茅斯学院院长詹姆斯•莱特希望平息兄弟会风波，并在1998年推行了兄弟姐妹会制度，但此举遭到来自校友和学生们铺天盖地的批评。一年后，莱特不得不做出让步，推行更为柔和的改革。金永吉在2009年担任院长不久之后就会见了学院校友。虽然他自己是兄弟姐妹会制度的拥趸，面对兄弟会的欺侮和性骚扰早已天下皆知的情况，他依然“向校友们重申他无意推翻兄弟会制度”。

    他的宽容态度引发人们质疑：如果他连抵制达特茅斯学院兄弟会文化这种小事都做不到，又如何能在国际舞台上抵制父权文化呢？

    路透社（Reuters）博客作家菲利克斯•萨尔蒙努力修补金永吉漠视兄弟会性虐待事件带来的公关恶果。但金永吉在女性问题上不明朗的态度仍是问题。三月底，金永吉在《金融时报》（Financial Times）言论版倡导创造一个具有包容精神的世行，但却对性别问题只字不提。

    女性占据全世界劳动力的40%，但却仅拥有全世界1%的财富。世行数据显示，在很多国家，消除女性性别障碍能够让每位劳动者的产出提高3%到25%。2008年，高盛集团（Goldman Sachs）分析师指出，女性教育水平每提高一个百分点，GDP平均水平就能提高0.37%，而GDP年增长率能提高0.2%。简单来说，促进女性经济发展将会带来极大的机遇。

    现任世行行长罗伯特•佐利克在2012年世行世界发展报告的视频中表示：“一切又回归到最基本的问题。如果占到全世界人口一半的人不能实现自我价值，不能为社会做出贡献，我们就会丧失重大的发展机遇。重视这个问题的国家将会得到更好的发展。实现性别平等不仅是一件正确的事情，也是发展经济的明智选择。”

    美国外交协会（Council on Foreign Relations）会员盖尔•莱蒙表示，文化常常被用作拒绝为女性提供投资的借口。而有意思的是，金永吉通过接受《滚石》采访，为自己对达特茅斯学院兄弟会事件的回应辩护，他说：“作为一名人类学家，你学到的一件事情就是，不能介入、改变一种文化。”

    What does college frat pledge hazing have to do with the World Bank? A whole lot more than you'd think.

    The most recent issue of Rolling Stone includes a colorful, disturbing retelling of former Dartmouth fratboy Andrew Lohse's harrowing experience as a brother at Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Filled with nausea-inducing anecdotes of pledges ingesting and clothing one another in vomit, the profile's sensationalism upstages the role of the man behind the team Lohse reported the hazing to: Dartmouth President Jim Yong Kim.

    Kim is the recipient of the coveted U.S. nomination for World Bank president. An anthropologist, physician, co-founder of NGO Partners in Health, and former director of the Department of H.I.V./AIDS at the World Health Organization, Kim certainly boasts an impressive resume. But at Dartmouth -- and in his recently published vision for the future of the World Bank -- he seems to have forgotten one very important element: women.

    According to the Rolling Stone story, Kim's predecessor at Dartmouth, James Wright, faced immense criticism from alumni and students when, hoping to calm Fraternity Row, he pushed for a coed Greek system in 1998. A year later, Wright waved a white flag and implemented softer reforms. Kim met with Dartmouth alumni shortly after taking office in 2009. A fan of the Greek system, he "reassured them he had no intention of overhauling the fraternities," even though their reputation of hazing and sexual assault was no secret.

    His forgiving attitude then raises the question: If Kim can't stand up to fraternal culture on a tiny New Hampshire campus, how can he stand up to patriarchal culture on a global stage?

    Reuters blogger Felix Salmon scraped at the PR nightmare Kim faces after ignoring the sexual abuse on Dartmouth's Frat Row. But Kim's unclear stance on women's issues just might go deeper. On Wednesday, Kim called for an inclusive World Bank in a Financial Times op-ed; there was not one mention of gender.

    Women make up 40% of the world's labor force, yet they only hold 1% of the world's wealth. And, according to the World Bank, eliminating barriers for women increases output per worker by 3% to 25% across a range of countries. In 2008, Goldman Sachs analysts cited that a 1 percentage point increase in female education raises the average level of GDP by 0.37 percentage points and raises annual GDP growth rates by 0.2 percentage points on average. Put simply, there's huge opportunity in promoting women's economic development.

    "It comes back to the basics. If you've got 50% of the world's population not reaching their personal fulfillment but also not contributing to the societies, we're missing a huge opportunity for development," says current World Bank President Robert Zoellick in a video presenting the World Bank's World Development Report 2012. "Countries that pay attention to these issues do better. Gender equality is not only the right thing to do, but it's smart economics."

    Gayle Lemmon, who is a fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, says culture is often used as an excuse for not investing in women. Interestingly enough, Kim defended his response to Dartmouth's frat scene by telling Rolling Stone, "One of the things you learn as an anthropologist, you don't come in and change the culture."