男人为什么不如女人会赚钱

    越来越多的学者们，不论左派、右派还是中间派，都认为美国中等收入男性处境窘迫。

    美国男性的收入已连续三十年持续减少。早在金融危机之前，处在黄金年龄的男性便一个接一个地早早退出职场，如今这一问题更是愈发严重。而与此同时，在21世纪全球经济最为重要的教育领域，女性从业者也远远超过了男性。

    我们最大的疑问仍然是——为什么？针对这个问题，目前尚没有足够多的调查。笔者在4月29日《财富》杂志（Fortune）上曾发表过一篇专栏文章——《美国任性的儿子们：他们为何半途而废》（America's Wayward Sons: Why They Can't Carry On）。读者们对这篇文章的反馈或许能为我们提供一些符合实际的宝贵观点。

    那篇专栏文章的焦点是麻省理工学院（MIT）的一项研究。研究显示，单亲家庭的急剧增加对男孩造成的伤害要远远大于女孩。也有学者认为，现在获得政府救助的难度降低，导致救助金比工资更具吸引力。收入丰厚的制造业岗位的减少、科技日新月异的变化等也作为影响因素被考虑在内。

    以下为读者们根据其亲身经历所发表的意见：

    父亲不辞而别。读者对麻省理工学院的研究结论达成了广泛共识，即单亲父母的出现影响了孩子所能达到的成就水平。亚当•C•杜德利写道：“我父亲是个不起眼的白领罪犯，在判决之前就逃离了这个国家，当时我才只有几个月大。如今，虽然我已经过了而立之年，但我还是得与懒惰、认同感等问题作斗争。我一直想努力弄明白我是谁，或者我想要成为什么样的男人，以及我本应该成为什么样的男人……将来，我或许只能靠假设大多数年轻男子都不如我积极来安慰自己了。”

    贾森•德塞纳•特恩纳特写道：“对于崇拜电影明星或体育明星的人来说，这样的经历看起来非常刺激。然而在真实生活中，在这样的家庭里，孩子们注定不得不生活在情感和物质双重匮乏的状态中。这对于我们国家来说是一个亟待解决的危机。早在1965年，莫伊尼汉议员就曾在非洲裔美国人社区真诚地讨论过这个问题。可悲的是，单亲家庭现象正变得越来越严重。”

    孤独症与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症增加。米歇尔•林恩写道：“很可惜，现在只是一群社会科学家和心理学家在进行争论。他们会急于把责任归因于模糊的社会趋势问题（全球化、制造业衰落等），当然还有单亲妈妈和缺乏男性榜样等。但我认为，大家不妨考虑一下，（真正的）生物科学在这个令人担忧的问题上可能发挥什么样的作用。许多报道显示，1988年以来出生的那一代，是有记录以来健康状况最差的一代。过去二十年间，患注意力缺陷多动障碍症、哮喘、孤独症、躁郁症、糖尿病和过敏症的人数急剧增加。2012年，据疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control）公布，每五个孩子里就有一个患有行为障碍或慢性疾病。”

    她接着写道：“众所周知，男孩患神经系统疾病的几率要高于女孩（男孩患孤独症的几率是女孩的五倍。）有没有可能正是这些中枢神经系统疾病在影响着我们的经济？把高达20%的年轻人丧失了发展潜力归因于社会观念和心理学上的胡说八道当然是一件很容易的事。”

    There is a growing consensus among scholars on the right, left, and center that the state of median-income men in America is in distress.

    They've endured a three-decade drop in earnings. Even before the financial crash, prime-age men were dropping out of the workforce altogether, and the problem has only worsened since. Meanwhile, women are far outstripping their male counterparts in the area that's most important for a 21st century global economy -- education.

    The big question remains -- why? On this, the research still falls short. So the outpouring of reader feedback on my column in the April 29 issue of Fortune -- "America's Wayward Sons: Why They Can't Carry On" -- offers some valuable on-the-ground perspective.

    The focus of that column was an MIT study showing the sharp rise in single-parent households hurts boys more than girls. Other scholars have blamed a rise in more readily available government assistance, making aid checks more appealing than paychecks. The decline of well-paying manufacturing jobs, combined with fast-paced technological change, also factors in.

    Here's what readers, reporting on what they see in their own backyards, had to say:

    Flight of fathers. There was broad agreement with the MIT study's conclusion that the rise of single-parenting has set back achievement levels. "My father was a small-time white-collar criminal that fled the country prior to a court date when I was just a few months old," Adam C. Dudly writes. "Even now, in my 30s, I struggle with laziness, sense of identity issues, figuring out who I am or what I want to be, and what kind of man I'm supposed to be ... I would have to assume most young men are not as proactive as I am."

    "While this may seem glamorous for those who admire movie stars and athletes, such family arrangements in the real world often doom children to lead lives of emotional and material privation," writes Jason DeSena Trennart. "It is a clear and present danger to the fabric of our republic. Senator Moynihan spoke honestly about this problem in the African American community as long ago as 1965. Sadly, the phenomenon of single-parent households has only grown."

    A rise in autism and ADHD. "Unfortunately, the current debate is being waged by social scientists and psychologists who are quick to blame the issue on vague societal trends (globalization, decline in manufacturing) and of course, single mothers and the lack of a male role model," writes Michelle Linn. "I suggest you consider exploring how biological (real) science may be playing a role in this alarming issue. The generation of children born since 1988 are by many accounts the unhealthiest on record. The rates of ADHD, asthma, autism, bipolar disorder, diabetes, and allergies have skyrocketed in the last two decades. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control published a rate of 1 in 5 children having a behavioral disorder or chronic disease.

    "It is well known that neurological disorders affect boys more frequently than girls (for autism, the rate is fivefold)," she continues. "Could it be these illnesses and diseases of the central nervous system are actually affecting our economy? It is very easy to blame the lost potential of up to 20% of our youth on social stereotypes and psychology 101 blithering."