大学生需要掌握哪些实习技巧？

    埃琳•李的回答。她的实习经历包括：2013和2014年暑假，纽约，谷歌（Google）；2012年，西雅图，亚马逊（Amazon）；2011年，帕洛阿尔托，Facebook

    以下介绍我在实习中总结的几个经验。其中部分与程序设计有关，但有些是你事先不一定能准备好的。

    为团队协作做准备

    这听起来容易，但对有些人来说可能并非如此。如果你曾进行过双人编程，你可能占有一定的优势。但是，如果你没有这种经历（或没有双人编程的机会），参与团队项目时，要特别注意团队动态。能够与来自不同背景和行业的团队成员共事，是非常重要的！

    习惯考虑时空的复杂性和可扩展性

    对于刚刚放下课堂作业的我来说，这是一个巨大改变——做作业时，只要做对了就能得高分，哪怕它并不是最快的解决方案。下学期学习时，你要开始思考这些数据结构或算法究竟有多合适，有哪些替代方案（需要做哪些取舍？）。某个解决方案或许是最直观的，但是它额外占用的空间有多大？它的速度如何？这种思维方式会让你思考各种问题，说明你开始考虑超越“正确”答案之外的其他方面。

    弄明白如何实现最高效率

    例如，你要学着一次工作更长的时间。我第一次实习时很难做到这一点。当时，我很容易分心。所以，在实习前的那个学期，你要试着找到集中精力的方法。你需要戴耳机吗？你在白板上书写、记录或画图时能表现出最佳状态吗？在我的两次实习经历中，我要选择在不同房间或独自在安静的房间工作（其中一次实习甚至要求在室外工作）。对我而言，我仍需要佩戴耳机，如果我正在从事某项工作，我还会关闭公司聊天室。此外，在工作时间，我会把手机调成静音（因为我的确不善于忽视手机上的通知信息），而且如果天气条件允许，每2小时左右我会到室外散步。你要找到实现最高效率和集中精力的方法。

    准备好努力工作（和经常加班）

    这一点更需要有心理准备。我知道，许多人工作效率很高，能在上午9点至下午5点期间完成所有工作，并获得工作机会，或在实习时表现优异。根据实习单位的安排，你的工作时间可能不是朝九晚五，而且如果你不愿加班，这就会给你的工作带来不良影响。在我的一次实习经历中，不管我实际完成了多少工作，我总是在同一时间下班（不必说，我感觉自己做得并不好）。

    Answer by Elynn Lee, interned at Google in New York City Summer 2013 and 2014; Amazon in Seattle Summer 2012; Facebook in Palo Alto Summer 2011

    Here are some things I’ve learned from my internships that I find to be handy. Some of them have to do with programming, but some things you can’t necessarily prepare for in advance.

    Be ready to work in a team

    This one sounds easy, but it might not be for some people. If you’ve done any pair programming, you might have a leg up on this. If you haven’t (or don’t have the opportunity to), pay special attention to the team dynamic when working on group projects. Being able to work with people (from different backgrounds and walks of life) is very important!

    Get used to thinking about complexity (both space and time) and scalability

    This was a big change for me coming from my school work, where correct can still get you a pretty high grade even if it’s not the fastest solution. When doing your projects next semester, start thinking about how well will these data structures or algorithms scale and what are some alternatives (and what are the trade-offs?). That solution might be the most intuitive, but how much extra space does it take up? How fast/slow is it? It’ll get you thinking about different kinds of problems and show that you’re thinking about more than what’s the “correct” answer.

    Figure out how you are most productive

    For instance, learn to work for extended periods at a time. This was hard for me at my first internship. I definitely used to get distracted really easily. So, in the semester before your internship, consider finding out how you best focus. Do you need headphones? Do you work best when you’re whiteboarding or writing things down or drawing pictures? At both of my internships, there were options to work in different rooms or quiet rooms by yourself (one of them even let you work outdoors). For me, I have to have headphones and, if I’m in the middle of something, I turn off my company chat. I also silence my phone during work hours (because I’m really bad at ignoring notifications) and take walks outdoors (weather permitting) every 2 hours or so. Find out how you are most productive! Figure out how you focus.

    Be prepared to work hard (and often long)

    This is more of a mental preparation. I know a lot of people who are very efficient and can get all of their work done from 9 to 5 and still get return offers or do very well in their internships. Depending on the company, you might not have a 9 to 5 work day, and if you’re not willing to work past 5pm, it can take a toll on your work. At one of my internships, it always seemed like I always left at the same time regardless of how much work I actually got done (needless to say, I didn’t feel like I did well).