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专栏 - 苹果2_0

内容供应商迫使苹果放宽App Store限制

Philip Elmer-DeWitt 2011年06月14日

苹果(Apple)公司内部流传着一个老笑话,那就是史蒂夫·乔布斯周围是一片“现实扭曲力场”:你离他太近的话,就会相信他所说的话。苹果的数百万用户中已经有不少成了该公司的“信徒”,而很多苹果投资者也赚得盆满钵满。不过,Elmer-DeWitt认为,在报道苹果公司时有点怀疑精神不是坏事。听他的应该没错。要知道,他自从1982年就开始报道苹果、观察史蒂夫·乔布斯经营该公司。
苹果修改了关于在其应用商店内提供订阅服务的规定,取消了部分最苛刻的限制。

来源:《世界报》

    苹果上周二公布了一系列条款,规定了出版商及其他内容供应商通过苹果应用商店(App Store)提供订阅服务的分成比例。在史蒂夫•乔布斯的口中,这个分成规定听来似乎是全世界最合理的事了。

    乔布斯写道:“我们的理念很简单。如果苹果公司给应用带来了一个新的订阅用户,则苹果公司抽取30%的分成;如果是出版商给应用带来了一个新/老用户,则全部收入归出版商所有,苹果公司分文不取。我们所要求的仅仅是,如果出版商在应用以外制定了订阅价格,那么它也应该在应用内实行同样或更优惠的价格,以便顾客在应用内只需一次点击便可轻松订阅。”

    这套理念在乔布斯看来虽然合理,但在出版商们看来却不可理喻。苹果的规定还直接威胁到了苹果应用商店内一些最知名的第三方应用的生存,包括亚马逊出品的Kindle应用、Zinio公司的杂志商店应用,以及由美国全国广播公司(NBC)、福克斯电视台(Fox)和美国广播公司(ABC)等联合推出的Hulu Plus应用等。延伸阅读:《乔布斯致出版商:我的地盘我做主》。

    面对苹果公司的苛刻条件,部分出版商选择了妥协。而包括《财富》的东家——时代集团(Time Inc.)在内的另一些出版商目前仍未与苹果达成协议。还有些出版商,如《金融时报》(Financial Times),则干脆撤出了苹果的应用商店,推出了自己的网页应用。其他出版商则纷纷威胁要将他们的业务搬到谷歌的Android平台上,因为谷歌没有类似的限制。

    苹果似乎也明白了其中传递的信息。本周一,也就是在距离新规则原定的生效日期还有两个半星期的时候,苹果公司废止了要求所有播放音乐、视频、书籍等内容的应用必须在应用内销售完全一致的内容、并与苹果分成的规定。科技博客All Things D的彼得•卡夫卡写道:

    “现在(苹果应用商店里的)应用可以提供购自应用商店以外的内容,前提是应用里不得设置能将消费者直接引导到某个外部商店的‘购买’链接。也就是说在用户仔细逛过苹果的应用商店之前,苹果是不会轻易让用户订阅应用里呈现的内容的。不过苹果并不会剥夺用户的这项权利。”

    亚马逊的Kindle应用里有一个按键,可以把顾客带到亚马逊的网站上去购买书籍,因此亚马逊不得不重写这款应用的程序。不过如果亚马逊想要继续保留来自苹果用户的收入流,那么它应该可以设计一个变通方案。

    以下是苹果公司旧版和新版的规定(来自科技博客MacRumors)。

旧版:

    11.13 (应用商店内的)应用可读取或播放已核准的在应用外部销售的内容(如杂志、报纸、书籍、音频、音乐、视频)。倘若同一内容在使用了IAP(应用内订阅)功能的应用上销售,且销售价格等于或低于应用外销售价格,则苹果将不会收取任何比例的收入。本规定既适用于直接购买的内容,也适用于订阅服务。

新版:

    11.13 不允许应用使用含有外部购买或外部订阅机制的链接,如设置“购买”键引导顾客到某网站买电子书。

    11.14 应用商店内的应用可读取或播放已核准的、从应用外购买或订阅的内容(特指杂志、报纸、书籍、音频、音乐和视频),但应用内不得设置让顾客购买该内容的按键或外部链接。对于已核准、但从应用外部购买或订阅的内容,苹果公司将不会从销售收入中收取任何比例的提成。

    译者:朴成奎

    Last February, when Apple (AAPL) announced the rules by which publishers and other content providers could offer subscriptions through its App Store, Steve Jobs made them sound like the most reasonable thing in the world.

    "Our philosophy is simple," he wrote. "When Apple brings a new subscriber to the app, Apple earns a 30 percent share; when the publisher brings an existing or new subscriber to the app, the publisher keeps 100 percent and Apple earns nothing. All we require is that, if a publisher is making a subscription offer outside of the app, the same (or better) offer be made inside the app, so that customers can easily subscribe with one-click right in the app."

    What sounded reasonable to Jobs, however, sounded crazy to publishers. Moreover, it threatened the very existence of some of the most popular third party applications in the App Store, including Amazon's (AMZN) Kindle, Zinio's magazine store and Hulu Plus, a joint venture of NBC (NBC), Fox (NWS) and ABC (DIS), among others. See: Steve Jobs to pubs: Our way or highway.

    Some publishers caved and went along with Apple's terms. Some, including Time Inc. (TWX), which publishes this blog, met them half-way. Some, like the Financial Times, pulled out of the App Store and went with a Web app instead. Others threatening to take their business to Google's (GOOG) Android, which had no such restrictions.

    Apple seems to have gotten the message. On Monday, two and a half weeks before the rules were scheduled to take effect, Apple changed them. It scrapped the requirement that apps that play content like music, movies, and books to also sell the same content within the app itself, and share the revenue with Apple. As All Things D's Peter Kafka put it:

    "Now, apps can offer access to content purchased outside of Apple's walls, as long as the app doesn't have a "buy" button that connects consumers directly to an external store. That is: Apple won't make it easy for users to buy in-app content without going through Apple's store, but it won't outlaw it, either."

    Amazon, which currently uses a button in its Kindle app that takes customers to the Amazon website to purchase books, will have to rewrite its app. But if it wants to keep the revenue flowing from Apple users, it should be able to design a workaround.

    Below: The old terms and the new (via MacRumors).

    Before:

    11.13 Apps can read or play approved content (magazines, newspapers, books, audio, music, video) that is sold outside of the app, for which Apple will not receive any portion of the revenues, provided that the same content is also offered in the app using IAP [in-app purchase] at the same price or less than it is offered outside the app. This applies to both purchased content and subscriptions.

    After:

    11.13 Apps that link to external mechanisms for purchases or subscriptions to be used in the app, such as a "buy" button that goes to a web site to purchase a digital book, will be rejected

    11.14 Apps can read or play approved content (specifically magazines, newspapers, books, audio, music, and video) that is subscribed to or purchased outside of the app, as long as there is no button or external link in the app to purchase the approved content. Apple will not receive any portion of the revenues for approved content that is subscribed to or purchased outside of the app.

 

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