2016年这12位挣钱最多，亏钱最多的来自中国

尽管2016年市场上充斥着波动性和不确定性，仍然它对于很多投资者来说仍然是一个丰收的年份，对于有些投资者来说甚至是“大丰收”。下面就让我们透过彭博亿万富翁指数（Bloomberg Billinaires），看看去年谁才是投资市场上的最大赢家。今年的状元依然是富豪榜上的常客股神巴菲特，然而这份榜单上的其他几位很可能会出乎你的意料。

下面就让我们怀着各种羡慕嫉妒恨的心情看看哪些大富豪又赚大钱了。此文也可以当作“资本收益率超过经济增长率”的活教材。

1.沃伦·巴菲特

财富增值：118亿美元

Despite all the volatility and uncertainty of 2016, it was still a pretty good year for investors—for some, though, it was a very good year. We consulted Bloomberg's real-time wealth tracker, Bloomberg Billionaires, for the latest on who added to the most lucre to their fortunes since last January. While number one will not surprise you, the others just might.

Here, a recap of the year through the lens of whose staggering personal wealth got even more staggering. File this one under "the rate of return on capital exceeds the rate of economic growth," 2016 edition.

1.Warren Buffett, +$11.8 billion

据彭博社估算，2016年结束后，“股神”的身价在全球富豪排行榜上排名亚军，不过他在2016年依然拿下了全球最多的投资收益，其个人资产累计增值118亿美元，比2015年增长19%（当然，2015年巴菲特的表现也并非其最佳水平）。不过2016年的经历也告诉我们，“奥马哈先知”也不是什么都预言得准，至少他在总统大选结果上就猜错了。

2.比尔·盖茨

财富增值：98亿美元

The legendary investor finished the year as only the second-richest person on earth, by Bloomberg's estimates, but the world’s most famous investor saw the biggest gains of anyone of 2016, closing out the year with his total up $11.8 billion—an 19% boost since this time in 2015 (which was, admittedly, not Buffett’s best). However, 2016 was also the year we learned the Oracle of Omaha’s oracular powers do not extend to predicting election results.

2.Bill Gates, +$9.8 billion

自从2013年重夺全球首富之名以来，比尔·盖茨的首富地位已经连续四年无人能够撼动。2016年，盖茨的财富继续稳定增值98亿美元，比2015年上涨12%。本月盖茨还刚刚成立了一支清洁能源风投基金，看来美国首富终于不用去养鸡了。

3.哈罗德·哈姆

财富增值: 84亿美元

Maintaining his position as world's richest human for the fourth year running (he wrested the title in May 2013), Gates’ fortune got a solid $9.8 billion bump this year, representing a total gain of 12% since 2015. The Microsoft co-founder—who just launched a new clean energy venture fund this month—won’t have to resort to raising chickens after all.

3.Harold Hamm, +8.4 billion

2016年也是大陆资源公司CEO哈罗德·哈姆的丰收年，虽然这位页岩气大亨的个人财富暂时还挤不进富豪排行榜的前50强（据彭博社估计，其财富排名为第53名），但要算起资产增值比例来，他绝对是当之无愧的第一名。去年，他的资产猛增了121.5%，速度之快令人瞠目结舌，而且最近他也是特朗普政府能源部长的热门人选。2016年哈姆最应该感谢的是石油输出国组织（OPEC），正是OPEC的减产决定让哈姆的资产火速飙升。OPEC的减产决定一公布，他的资产在3小时内就暴增了30亿美元。

4-7.马尔斯家族四姐妹

（包括：莫杰克·马尔斯、瓦莱莉·马尔斯、帕姆·莱特-马尔斯、维多利亚·马尔斯。不包括：约翰·马尔斯、杰奎琳·马尔斯，这两位都亏损了。）

财富增值：每人79亿美元

It was truly a banner year for the Continental Resources CEO. Though the fracking pioneer didn’t quite break the top 50 in terms of overall wealth this year (he's at number 53, per Bloomberg), Hamm came in number one in terms of percentage gains by a veritable landslide: the Oklahoma oil magnate, until recently a potential pick for Trump’s Energy Secretary, saw his net worth rise by a whopping 121.5%. Part of that is thanks to November’s OPEC deal, in which the organization agreed to cut output. After the announcement, Hamm made $3 billion in three hours.

4 - 7. Most of the Mars Family, +7.9 billion

(Included: Marijke Mars, Valerie Mars, Pam Wright-Mars, and Victoria Mars. Not included: John Mars and Jacqueline Mars, who both had losses.)

作为全世界最大的糖果公司的所有者，马尔斯家族一直以极度低调（家族规定不准接受任何采访）和极度有钱（在《福布斯》的美国最富有家族排行榜上排第三名）而闻名。在玛氏的老掌门——小福雷斯特·E·马尔斯今年七月去世后，他的33%的股份被平均分给了四个女儿，因此“马家四姝”也成功跻身2016年个人资产增值最多的富豪之列，平均每人的资产增加了79亿美元。而她们的个人净资产也因此成功地达到了每人79亿美元——她们四人之前都是给家族企业打工的。

8．杰夫·贝索斯

财富增值：75亿美元

Owners of the largest candy company in the world, the Marses are known both for their intense secrecy (as a rule, they do not give interviews) and their intense wealth (third on Forbes’ list of America’s richest families). After the former Mars Company co-president Forrest E. Mars, Jr. died in July of this year, his 33% stake in the company was evenly divided amongst his four daughters, making Marijke Mars, Valerie Mars, Pam Wright-Mars, and Victoria Mars some of the biggest financial gains of 2016: all four saw an increase of $7.9 billion, bringing their individual net worths—according to Bloomberg—up to $7.9 billion. (All four have worked in the family business.)

8. Jeff Bezos, +7.5 billion

2016年有那么一小段时间，贝索斯的财富净值甚至超过了股神巴菲特，虽然这段时间并没有维持多久，但今年贝索斯还是获得了丰收的一年。首先是亚马逊迎来了有史以来利润最高的一个季度，其次是它的AWS云平台出现了火箭式的惊人的发展势头。今年贝索斯的财富增值了12.6%。2017年，贝索斯计划投资搞一些丰富多彩的边缘项目，比如收购《华盛顿邮报》，建造“万年钟”，以及搞一家高度机密的火箭公司等等。

9．伯尔纳·阿尔诺

财富增值：71亿美元

There was a flickering moment in 2016 when Bezos’s net worth in fact exceeded Buffett’s, and while the world is now back on its axis, the Amazon CEO still had quite a year: the company had its most profitable quarter ever, and saw the success of their AWS Cloud platform skyrocket with startling momentum. In total, Bezos finishes the year with his fortunes up 12.6%. With any luck, next year the billionaire will put some of that toward more colorful side projects—which already include the Washington Post, a 10,000-Year Clock, and a self-funded top-secret rocket ship company.

9. Bernard Arnault, +7.1 billion

2016年，路易威登集团董事长阿诺特也是收获颇丰。由于LV在中国市场上的表现相当抢眼，该公司的股票也一路看涨，使这位法国首富的资产增值了71亿美元。去年他还是全球的第15位首富，目前他的排名已经上升到了第13位。

10．弗拉基米尔·利辛

财富增值：55亿美元

LVMH chair, and generally stylish Frenchman, Arnault ends the year on an upswing. The company's stock is up, thanks in part to its strong game in China, making the richest man in France roughly $7.1 billion richer than he was this time last year, when he was only the 15th wealthiest billionaire on earth. (He is now the 13th.)

10. Vladimir Lisin, +5.5 billion

2016年，新列佩茨克钢铁公司董事会主席利辛的个人净值一路飙升。据彭博社统计，这位钢铁大亨和枪支爱好者的资产净值本年度狂涨了73.2%，使他成为全球富豪排行榜的第70名，而且他也是曾同时兼任俄罗斯射击联盟和欧洲射击协会主席的唯一一人。

11．马克·扎克伯格

财富增值：54亿美元

Novolipetsk Steel chairman Lisin has seen his net worth soar in 2016: by Bloomberg’s current estimates, the steel tycoon and gun aficionado is up a whopping 73.2% this year, making him the 70th richest person in he world, and the only one to serve as president of both the Russian Shooting Union and the European Shooting Confederation.

11. Mark Zuckerberg, +5.4 billion

马克·扎克伯格也同样迎来了收获的一年。这一年，扎克伯格当了爹，发布了一套个人AI系统，还向罗马教皇赠送了一台无人机。他还被《财富》杂志评为“年度商业人”，并且宣布要投资治愈世界上所有的疾病。不过在残酷的事实面前，扎克伯格最终还是妥协道，Facebook毕竟只是一家媒体公司。对了，这一年，他的个人净值增长了11.9%，增长率相当可观。

12．谢尔顿·阿德尔森

财富增值：53亿美元

What a year it’s been for Facebook co-founder and CEO: He settled into fatherhood and also gave birth to a personal AI system. He presented the pope with a do-gooding drone. He was named Fortune’s Businessperson of the year and announced plans to cure all human diseases. Despite initial protests to the contrary, he finally came to terms with the fact that Facebook is actually kind of a media company after all. Oh, and, his personal net worth increased by a cool 11.9%.

12. Sheldon Adelson, +5.3 billion

拉斯维加斯赌王、著名的反大麻活动家阿德尔森去年多次“上头条”都是在为特朗普站台，但那并非他去年的唯一胜利。据彭博亿万富翁指数估算，阿德尔森一年来的资产净值增长了23.2%。这在一定程度上要归功于他在澳门开的这家“巴黎人”大酒店的火爆生意。

最大亏损

王健林

财富减值：60亿美元

Casino magnate and pot prohibitionist Adelson made most of his headlines this year during the U.S. presidential campaign for his support of then-candidate Trump, but that wasn’t his only win of the year: Bloomberg’s Billionaire Index has the Las Vegas Sands chairman up a solid 23.2% as of this writing. That's after he opened a $3 billion casino called the Parisian in Macau, the Chinese gambling hub that appears to be on a roll.

Biggest Loss: Wang Jianlin, -$6 billion

当然，有赢家就必定有输家，而今年最大的输家就是大连万达集团的董事长王健林。截止至12月27日，这位房地产大亨（也是妮可·基德曼的超级粉丝）的资产已经减值了16%（约合400多个他所说的“小目标”）。这在很大程度是受强势美元影响导致的，他在全球富豪排行榜上的排名也降到了第21位。(财富中文网)

作者：Rachel Sugar

译者：朴成奎

Where there are winners, there are also losers, and alas, this year, Dalian Wanda Group chairman Wang falls in the latter camp: as of December 27, Bloomberg has the real estate mogul (and Nicole Kidman superfan) down 16%, a swing thanks partly to the rising dollar, making him the world's 21st richest person.