你能搞清楚自己有多少财产吗？
|
每当媒体报道碧昂丝的资产净值有4.5亿美元，或者特朗普的资产净值有37亿美元时，你可能不禁会想：“我的资产净值是多少？”虽然你可能没有亿万身家，但要算出自己的资产净值也不难。 所谓的资产净值，其实就是你的资产减去负债所剩的数额。如果你的资产净值是负数，那就说明你的负债超过了资产。如果你的资产净值是正数，那就说明你的资产超过了负债。 如果你也有一个发财梦，那么了解和掌控自己的资产净值是非常重要的。现在我们就来看看如何计算你的资产净值，好让你能在此基础上实现个人财富的增长。 如何计算你的资产净值 要想计算自己的资产净值，你首先需要掌握自己的资产和负债额。 首先你要收集以下信息： • 房屋所有权证 • 当前注册和未注册的投资证明 • 娱乐性车辆载具及私家车的当前价值 • 银行存款证明 • 所有的抵押贷款证明 • 信用卡证明 • 学生贷款、车贷、银行贷款、信用额度和个人贷款证明等信息 • 人寿保险证明 一旦你有了关于个人资产和负债的全部信息，你就可以开始计算你的净资产了。第一步，你要计算所有资产的价值，它也是决定你的资产净值能否增长的关键。 有形资产清单 有了各种所需信息之后，就可以动手计算了。首先要计算的是有形资产。 顾名思义，有形资产就是各种物理资产的价值。换句话说，有形资产必然是看得见摸得着的。你要对以下各种有形资产列出清单，并计算其价值： • 住宅 • 度假住宅 • 出租房 • 投资性房产 • 家具 • 汽车 • 运动及收藏性车辆 • 休闲性载具，如游艇、雪地车、野营车等 。 • 艺术品 • 珠宝 将这些资产的价值相加，你就得到了你的有形资产总值。 权益资产清单 权益资产指的是你在企业里持有的所有者权益，也包括你的养老金账户中的股票。 你要对以下各种权益资产列出清单，并计算其价值： • 股票 • 可变年金 • 合伙股份 • 商业股份 • 养老金账户，比如401k或IRA。 将以上所有项目的价值相加，就得到了你的权益资产总值。 固定收入资产清单 下一步，你要列出自己的固定收入资产清单。你的固定收入资产也包括能够定期付息的长期投资。 固定收入资产可能包括： • 美国政府债券及证券 • 市政债券 • 企业债券 • 债券共同基金 将此类别的所有项目相加，你就得到了自己的固定收入资产总值。 现金和现金等价物清单 现金等价物是指在紧急情况下能够立即提现的短期账户和投资，包括你支票户头和银行账户上的所有现金，以及其它能够轻易变现的货币市场基金。 该类别的资产一般有： • 支票账户余额 • 储蓄账户余额 • 货币市场共同基金余额 • 定期存单 • 其他现金储蓄 将以上项目的价值相加，就得到了你的现金及现金等价物总值。 一旦你分别计算出了所有列出的资产项目的价值，你就可以算出自己的资产总值了。资产总值的计算十分简单，将各个资产类别的总值相加即可。 • 有形资产 • 权益资产 • 固定收入资产 • 现金和现金等价物 • 其他资产 负债清单 下面就要算算你的负债了。负债就是个人或企业欠别人的钱，它会拉低你的资产净值。 负债主要包括以下项目： • 住房抵押贷款 • 名下其他房产的抵押贷款，如度假屋和出租房的抵押贷款。 • 房屋净值信用额度 • 房屋净值贷款 • 车贷 • 银行贷款 • 学生贷款 • 个人信用额度余额 • 信用卡余额 • 个人贷款 • 其他债务 将以上各项的价值相加，你就得到了自己的总负债金额。 应用资产净值计算公式 一旦你列出了自己的所有资产和负债，要想计算自己的资产净值就十分简便了。用总资产额减去总负债额，就可以算出自己的资产净值。即： 总资产–总负债=资产净值 每年计算一次自己的资产净值，对于一个人的理财规划是十分重要的。因为它有助于你评估自己的经济水平，以及你与自己的理财目标相差多远。它也会向你展示一些进行改变的机会。比如，你手里的现金可能超过了不时的救急之需，因此你可以把多余的现金用于投资，为退休攒些养老钱，或是为子女攒下上学钱。 另一方面，如果年度资产净值显示你的负债比资产增长得要快，那么你可能就要重新制订一下家庭预算，想个最好的办法摆脱负债了。（财富中文网） 本文原载于GoBankingRates.com。 译者：朴成奎 |
When you see Beyonce's net worth of $450 million or President Donald Trump's net worth of $3.7 billion, you're probably wondering, "What is my net worth?" Although you might not be worth millions or billions of dollars, you don't have to be a millionaire or a billionaire to find your net worth. Your net worth is a snapshot of the value of what you own minus what you owe. If you have a negative net worth, then you owe more than what you have available to you. A positive net worth means the value of what you own is greater than the amount that you owe. If you have dreams of becoming rich, knowing and monitoring your net worth is important. Here's how to calculate your net worth so you can grow your personal wealth. How to calculate your net worth To find your net worth, you'll first need current figures for everything you own and everything you owe. Collect the following information: • Real estate ownership papers • Current registered and non-registered investment statements • Current values on recreational vehicles and automobiles • Bank account statements • All mortgage statements • Credit card statements • Student, automobile, bank loan, credit line and personal loan statements • Life insurance statements Once you have all your information, you can begin calculating your net worth by starting with a list of all of your assets, which are anything of value that you own that increases your net worth. List tangible assets Now that you have all of the information you need, it's time to really dig into it. First up: tangible assets. Tangible assets are items of value with physical properties. In other words, these are assets that you can touch. List and assign dollar values to all tangible assets such as: • Residence • Vacation home • Rental properties • Investment real estate • Furniture • Cars • Sports or vintage automobiles • Recreational equipment such as boats, snow machines or RVs • Art • Jewelry Add up the dollar value of all of these items to find your total tangible assets. List equity assets Equity assets are your ownership interests in businesses, including stocks held in retirement accounts. List and assign dollar values to all equity assets such as: • Stocks • Variable annuities • Limited partnerships • Business interests • Any retirement accounts such as a 401k or IRA Add up the dollar values of all items to find your total equity assets. List fixed-income assets Next, you need to list your fixed-income assets. Your fixed-income assets include long-term investments that pay interest on a fixed schedule. Fixed-income assets can include: • U.S. government bonds and securities • Municipal bonds • Corporate bonds • Bond mutual funds Add up the dollar values of all items you own in this category to find your total fixed-income assets. List cash and cash equivalents Cash equivalents refer to short-term accounts and investments that can be cashed in for emergencies. Include all the cash sitting in your checking and savings accounts, as well as all other easily liquidated money market funds. Typical assets in this category include: • Checking account balances • Savings account balances • Money market mutual fund balances • Certificates of deposit • Other cash reserves Add up the dollar values of these items to find your total cash and cash equivalents. Once you have all of your assets listed, it's time to sum up your total assets. To determine your total assets, add up the totals of each asset category: • Tangible assets • Equity assets • Fixed-income assets • Cash and cash equivalents • Other assets List your liabilities Next, it's time to list your liabilities. A liability is money owed by an individual or business that decreases net worth. Liabilities include: • Home mortgage • Other mortgages, such as vacation property or rental property • Home equity line of credit • Home equity loan • Auto loans • Bank loans • Student loans • Personal credit line balances • Balances on credit cards • Personal loans • Other debts or money you owe Add up the dollar values of each of these items to get your total liabilities. Apply the net worth formula Once you've listed all of your assets and liabilities, calculating your net worth is straightforward. Use the final total assets amount and the total liabilities amount to figure out your net worth: Total Assets – Total Liabilities = Net Worth Calculating your net worth annually is an important part of financial planning because it helps you assess your financial progress and how well you're meeting your financial goals. It might also show you opportunities to make changes. For example, you might have more money in cash than you need for an emergency fund; you could invest that money for retirement or education savings. On the other hand, if updating your net worth annually shows your liabilities increasing more than your assets, it could be time to revisit your budget and figure out the best way to get out of debt. This article originally appeared on GoBankingRates.com. |
