马拉拉基金CEO独家回应塔利班袭击：“他们谋杀了100多名孩子”

    2012年，17岁的马拉拉在一辆校车中遭塔利班枪击，头部中弹。她是第一个被武装恐怖主义分子追杀的巴基斯坦学生。两年后，悲剧再次发生在上百名巴基斯坦学生身上。

    上周，塔利班袭击了巴基斯坦北部城市白沙瓦的一间学校，100多名学生因此丧生。关注扶贫及女童教育问题的马拉拉基金（Malala Fund）联合创始人兼首席执行官希扎•沙希德接受《财富》（Fortune）的独家专访，以一名巴基斯坦支持者的身份，与记者分享了她对这一事件的看法。

    以下是经编辑节选的采访内容：

    在最初听到这起校园袭击案时，你的第一反应是什么？

    对巴基斯坦人和全世界其他人来说，这起事件都令人心碎。近年来我在巴基斯坦经历过如此多可怕的事情，包括自杀式袭击、围攻、马拉拉被枪击等，但是这次事件仍令我如被击中要害般痛彻心扉。马拉拉是第一个被塔利班蓄意袭击的巴基斯坦青少年，现在他们变本加厉，谋杀了100多名孩子。

    暴力袭击仍在继续，巴基斯坦目前最缺失的是什么？

    巴基斯坦国内的恐怖主义根深蒂固、错综复杂，而且缺少法律的约束和政府的管治。各个流派都在追逐同一个目标：权力。领土之内缺乏有力管治，人民对此深感失望，却又无力为争取更好的未来而抗争，只能活在恐怖分子的威胁和恐吓之下。

    为什么塔利班一再袭击在校学童？

    巴基斯坦军方铲除了一部分恐怖分子头目，取得了反恐的重大进展，这次的袭击显然是报复行为。遭受袭击的是一间军人子弟学校，学校的老师大多数是军官和军事学员的家属。因此，这就是一次针对此前巴军方反恐行动的报复行为，表明了这场战争将会旷日持久地进行下去。

    没有什么比我们的孩子更加珍贵。恐怖分子袭击手无寸铁的儿童，表明他们毫无顾忌，没有底线。这种做法惨无人性。此前恐怖分子曾经轰炸无人的学校，以此拒绝西方的意识形态，但此次事件攻击的目标直接就是儿童，实在令人发指。

    你认为这次暴力袭击会否成为巴基斯坦的一个转折点？

    在这个时刻，整个国家都应该团结起来，奋起抗争。我们既要哀悼逝者，又要采取行动彻底铲除恐怖分子，不再姑息并坚决杜绝此类事件重演。

    这次事件是否会让孩子们害怕去学校上课？

    这种情况已经持续了一段时间。过去恐怖分子打击学校附件的地区，袭击校车，而现在他们袭击军事管理学校。我住在伊斯兰堡海军基地一英里以外的地方，当地暂时处于戒严状态。如果儿童无法接受教育，那这个国家就真的没有未来了。所以我希望人们为逝者哀悼，同时行动起来尽一切努力保护孩子们。如果越来越多的孩子失去受教育的机会，就会酿成更多这样的悲剧。

    2009年时你组织了一个夏令营为女孩提供受教育机会，在那之后，巴基斯坦国内在此方面取得了怎样的进展？

    我们有两点进步也有两点退步。上学读书的女孩子比以前多了，有更多家长认识到了送女儿上学的重要性。医学院的女学生也比男学生多。另一方面，出现了恐怖分子袭击学校的事件，还有医学院的女生毕业后为了结婚而不去就业的情况。恐怖主义对女性存在着切实的威胁。

    其他国家的那些关心你们的人如何能提供帮助？

    我强烈建议他们去找当地的活动家和倡导者，给这些人提供支持。这就是我在马拉拉基金会的工作模式。现在我在为一个具有社会影响力的基金会工作，它能够在当地进行基础的投资，还有一些大型机构选择与当地领导人联手，扩大其影响力。

    我们都听说过马拉拉的故事，它充分显示了一个故事讲得好会具有怎样的力量。我们还有很多故事可讲，而且我们要在媒体上讲述这些故事，支持相关的组织就是一个很好的方法。你可以看到年轻的乡村女性创建手包品牌并聘用当地的妇女，你还可以看到创业者和年轻人在变革和创新。这些就是我们需要关注的东西，也是我最为关注的方面，因为这些很难通过政府来实现。（财富中文网）

    译者：南风

    审校：Patti

    In 2012 when 17-year-old Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head on a school bus by the Taliban, she became the first Pakistani student to be actively targeted by the militants. Two years later, Yousafzai is tragically joined by hundreds more.

    On Tuesday, a Taliban attack on a school in Peshawar has left more than 100 schoolchildren killed. Shiza Shahid, the co-founder and CEO of the Malala Fund, an organization working to break the cycle of poverty and empower girls through education, has devoted much of her life to championing women around the world. In an exclusive interview with Fortune, Shahid — speaking as a Pakistani advocate — shared her initial reactions.

    Edited excerpts:

    What was your reaction when you first heard about the attack?

    It’s been incredibly heartbreaking as a Pakistani and as a human being. I have seen so many terrible things happening in Pakistan in recent years. Suicide attacks, sieges, Malala’s own shooting, but this really hits home in a way that is deeply painful. Malala was the first child to be deliberately target in Pakistan. Now they are targeting over 100 children dead.

    What is missing in Pakistan right now that these violent attacks are continuing?

    The roots of terrorism in Pakistan are deep and complicated and lawless and ungoverned. Various ideologies are all in the quest for the very same thing: Power. When territories are ungoverned, and people are disappointed and not given opportunities to strive for a better tomorrow, people fall prey to terrorist groups who have the means to intimidate and frighten.

    Why do school children remain a target for the Taliban?

    Significant progress has been made by the military to root out certain terrorist leaders and this was really an act of retaliation. This is a school that mostly has children of military officers and cadets and their wives were teachers. So really, this was retaliation to what was done by the military, and it shows how long this battle is going to be.

    Also, there is nothing more precious than our children. By going as far as attacking children, they are saying that nothing is off limits, so there is an utter lack of humanity. There have been instances where terrorists have bombed empty schools as a way to protect the teachings of western ideologies, but this act was clearly and deliberately meant to kill children, and it is as heinous as can be.

    Do you think this act of violence marks a tipping point in Pakistan?

    We are at a point now were the country needs to stand up and stand up together. We need to grieve for who has been lost and take action for once and for all, and we need to say no more and say never again.

    Are you fearful that this will deter children from going to school?

    This has been happening for awhile. In the past, areas around schools have been targeted and school buses have been threatened and for a while now, military schools have been targeted as well. I live about a mile away from the Navy complex in Islamabad, and for awhile there has been heavy security. If children aren’t given an education there really isn’t anything left. So hopefully we will take the time to grieve, and hopefully the people will come together and do everything we can to protect children. For more children to lose their one chance to get an education will result in many more tragedies just like this.

    What, if anything, has changed for the better in Pakistan since 2009 when you started a summer camp to empower young girls and their education?

    Where we have taken two steps forward, we have also taken two steps backward in various aspects. We have more girls going to school than before and we have more parents agreeing that sending their girls to school is a priority. We also have more women in medical school than men. On the other hand, you have terrorists targeting schools, and you still see female medical school graduates not going to work because they are worried about getting a husband. The terrorist threat is very real against women.

    How can concerned people outside of Pakistan help?

    I am a big believer in finding local activists and advocates and supporting them. That is very much the model that I worked with at the Malala Fund. Now I am working on a social impact fund that will invest on the ground, and there are some great organizations that try and highlight local leaders and amplify their work.

    We have heard Malala’s story, and it was a great example of the power of story telling. We have more stories to tell, and we need to bring those stories into the media and supporting their organizations is a great way for us to do it. You are seeing young girls in villages starting companies to sell handbags that employ local women. You see entrepreneurs and young people creating change and innovation. Those are the things we need to focus on, and those are certainly the things I focus on given how hard it is to get anything done through the government.