世界九大最强悍火车头排行榜

汽车在历史上是一种出现得比较晚的交通工具，相对传统交通工具来说，它的价格相对便宜，且体积较小，基本上什么路都能跑。如今我们都成了汽车的奴隶，但是不要忘了，美国当年可是一个在马车和铁轨上建立起来的国家。美国第一条铁路——巴尔的摩至俄亥俄的铁路于1828年竣工后，全美各地都掀起了建设铁路的热潮。铁路的建设大大加快了美国西部的开发和拓荒。美国第一台蒸汽机火车“斯陶尔布里奇雄狮号”（Stourbridge Lion）投入运营后，千百辆以煤炭为燃料的蒸汽机车如雨后春茧般迅速涌现出来，喷着蒸气和滚滚浓烟奔驰在北美大地上。

如今，除了在只有谢耳朵这种资深火车爱好者才会参加的火车展会和复古Cosplay上，煤炭机车早已难觅踪迹，取而代之的是用电力、汽油或柴油驱动的新型火车头（还有些是混合动力的）。目前在全世界范围内跑得最快的火车都是用电力驱动的。虽然美国也有通用电气DDA40X柴电动力机车这种能够达到6,600马力的大家伙，但它毕竟已经是半个世纪前推出的产品了。如今像俄罗斯和中国等国制造的电动机车最大功率可以达到15,000马力。用某位总统候选人的话说，这简直就是地缘政治在两根铁轨上的缩影。

现在我们暂且将国际政治角力放在一边，机器就是机器，要论谁更牛掰些，还是要靠数字说话。以下是九台世界最强大的火车头，它们几乎全部是用电力驱动的。此外还有一个荣誉奖，——因为每次刷完了数据，还都需要一个浪漫的结局。

荣誉奖：联合太平洋公司运行的通用电气Big Blow机车，8500马力

Though we’re currently in the thrall of another, newer mode of transport—the relatively cheap, small and free-ranging “car”—trains rolls right alongside Conestoga wagons as the vehicles that made America. When the Baltimore and Ohio railroad—the B&O of Monopoly fame—opened in 1828, it set off a frenzy of railway construction, itself facilitating an expansion towards and settlement of The West. Following the Stourbridge Lion, the States’ first steam locomotive, hundreds more soon sprang to life, eating coal, making steam and belching smoke.

Today, outside of train shows and historical reenactments have dropped coal in favor of electric, gasoline turbine or diesel power—sometimes, a combination of the three. Currently, the titans of the rails worldwide are, hands down, electric locomotives. While mid-century American bruisers like the General Electric DDA40X coursed with 6,600 diesel-electric horsepower, the contemporary electric motors from Russian and Chinese manufacturers can top 15,000 horsepower—as certain presidential candidates would have it, a geo-political diorama writ on parallel tracks.

International power struggles aside—if they can ever really be—machinery is machinery, and we will respect the numbers. Here are the nine most powerful locomotives in the world, almost all electric. Plus, one honorable mention, because every data spread needs a romantic denouement.

Honorable Mention: General Electric Big Blow for Union Pacific, 8,500 horsepower

即便这款机车取了Big Blow（意为沉重一击）这样一个霸气外露的名字，但它依然不是当代的电力驱动列车的对手。Big Blow诞生于1955年，它采取了三节式火车头的设计，可以迸发出8500匹的强大马力。第一节车头为驾驶室和柴油发动机厢，第二节车头被一个硕大无朋的十缸燃气轮机所占据，第三节车头装着24,000加仑的燃料。这8,500马力还是在海拔6500英尺和零上30摄氏度的气温下得出的数据。如果换成气温较低的几个月，在接近海平面的海拔高度上，Big Blow甚至能达到10,000马力。

9.Malmbanan铁路上的ASEA SJ DM3机车，9,655马力

No, even a locomotive as charismatically-named as the GE Big Blow can’t stand against contemporary E-Trains. Still, when the locomotive debuted in 1955, it rocked (literally) with 8,500 horsepower emanating from a three-car set-up. The first held the control cab and a diesel generator; the second, an enormous oil-burning ten-combustion chamber gas turbine engine; the last, 24,000 gallons of fuel. That 8,500-horsepower rating was at an altitude of 6,500 feet and at 90 degrees. During cool months and at sea level, the Big Blow could push as many as 10,000.

9.ASEA SJ Dm3 for Malmbanan, 9,655 horsepower

瑞典国家铁路公司就是用这款车头将该国南部的铁矿石拉到北极圈的。DM3是个力大无穷的怪兽，最高功率可达10,000匹马力。而且这些DM3机车大都拥有一个可爱的名字，比如其中的维克多（Viktor）、巴伦（Baron）和约琴菲娜（Josefina） ，并且它们直到今天仍在服役。

8.瑞士SBB公司的SLM Re 6/6机车，9,705马力

As you’d expect for a train used by Swedish State Railways to pull iron ore south from the arctic circle to be processed, the DM3 is a mighty beast, making near 10,000 horsepower. Adorably, most of these locomotives are named: Viktor, Baron and Josefina still operate today.

8.SLM Re 6/6 for Switzerland SBB, 9,705 horsepower

这款机车也被部署在Malmbanan铁路——也就是所谓的“铁矿石线”上。看来在这场“同线德比”中还是SLM比DM3略胜一筹。

7.德国联邦铁路公司的AEG/BBE/克劳斯玛菲/克虏伯/西门子 AG DB 103机车，9,977马力

Also used on the Malmbanan, or Iron Ore Line, the SLM just beats out the Dm3. Sibling rivalry?

7.AEG/BBC/Krauss-Maffei/Krupp/Siemens AG DB Class 103 for Deutsche Bahn, 9,977 horsepower

二战结束后，德国迫切需要对被打烂的基础设施进行全面修复，其中非常重要的一环就是通过铁路提供快速客运服务。DB Class 103原本的设计时速为不超过99英里，但由于现实情况的需求，有些车型的最快时速达到了120英里——其中一台甚至达到了惊人的176英里。

6.瑞士SBB公司运营的SLM, MFO/BBC Ae 8/14机车，10,255马力

After World War II, Germany needed a major infrastructure overhaul. Part of that plan involved fast passenger transport by rail. The DB Class 103s were originally built to go no more than 99 mph, but speed demands later found some models travelling at up to 120 mph—one even pulled a train up to 176.

6.SLM, MFO/BBC Ae 8/14 for Switzerland SBB, 10,255 horsepower

自从Ae 8/14在瑞士万国博览会首次亮相后，它在相当长的一段时间里都是全球功率最强劲的火车头。瑞士之所以需要这样一台大家伙，是因为只有这样强大的动力，才能保障瑞士的一条重要铁路生命线的畅通——也就是横穿阿尔卑斯山的圣歌达铁路（Gotthard Railway）。在力大无穷的Ae 8/14服役前，很多列车为了翻越这座大山只能拉一半的车厢上路。

5.俄罗斯铁路公司的Sinara GT1s，11,285马力

For a time after it debuted at the Swiss Exhibition, the Ae 8/14 was the most powerful locomotive in the world. The reason the Swiss needed such power was because a major supply route, the Gotthard Railway, traverses the Alps; before the burly Ae 8/14, trains were split it half in order to get them over the mountain.

5.Sinara GT1s for Russian Railways, 11,285 horsepower

自2008年亮相以来，Sinara GT1s已经获得了两个非常重要的头衔：全球功率最大的汽油轮机车头，和全球功率最大的内燃机车头。

4.俄罗斯铁路公司的诺沃切尔卡斯克VL85机车，12,550马力

Since it debuted in 2008, the Sinara GT1s has held two very important titles: the world’s most powerful gasoline turbine locomotive and the world’s most powerful internal-combustion locomotive.

4.Novocherkassk VL85 for Russian Railways, 12,550 horsepower

VL85完全可以跻身火车界的第一梯队，它行驶的路线是俄罗斯非常著名的东西伯利亚大铁路。VL85拥有超过12,000马力的强劲动力，就算一车拉上几万名政治犯到冰天雪地的西伯利亚劳改营去做苦力也没问题！（开玩笑的啦！）

3.由中铁运营、大同电力机车有限公司研发的HXD2机车，13,410马力

The VL85 is among the highest echelon of motors that patrol Russia’s famous East Siberian Railways. With over 12,000 horsepower, the locomotive can carry tens of thousands of political dissidents to icy work camps! (Just kidding.)

3.Datong Electric Locomotive HXD2 for China Railways, 13,410 horsepower

现在向我们隆隆驶来的是大同电力机车有限公司生产的HXD2s机车，它能拉动7,000多吨的煤炭，而且它的设计保障了在冬季零下40度的低温下也能正常运行。

2.“铁矿石线”上的庞巴迪IORE，14,483马力

With so much grunt, the Datong HXD2s can carry over 7,000 tons of coal and are designed to do so even at temperatures of -40 degrees through the winter.

2. Bombardier IORE for Malmbanan, 14,483 horsepower

铁矿石可以说是列车拉得最吃力的一种货物了。IORE机车是专门为瑞典采矿公司LKAB的Malmtrafik部门打造的。它每天都要运载数百吨铁矿石。这款机车的名字来自英语“铁矿石”这个单词的缩略（iron ore）和《小熊维尼》里的小毛驴Eeyore，它在瑞典语中的拼写是“I-or”。

1.俄罗斯铁路公司的诺瓦切尔卡斯克4E5K机车，17,838马力

Iron ore is about as heavy a load as a train can bear. The IORE locomotives are built for Swedish mining company LKAB’s Malmtrafik division, in charge of railways, and spend their days hauling hundreds of tons of mined rock. The name comes from a combination of “iron ore” and “Eeyore,” spelled “I-or” in Swedish.

1.Novocherkassk 4E5K for Russian Railways, 17,838 horsepower

俄罗斯万岁！诺瓦切尔卡斯克4E5K凭借17,838马力的强大功率，成为了全球力量最大的机车！看来俄罗斯“给力”的并不只是网络间谍嘛！(财富中文网)

译者：朴成奎

All hail Mother Russia: with 17,838 horsepower, the Novocherkassk 4E5K locomotive is the most powerful in the world. It seems like digital espionage isn't Russia's only path to power.