著名音乐人Prince的歌曲《覆盆子贝雷帽》(Raspberry Beret)甫一响起,大约20名新罕布什尔州的教育工作者齐刷刷地拿起木棍,跟着节拍敲打桌子。
作为这场为期两天的职业倦怠研讨会的主持人,埃米莉·丹尼尔斯鼓励包括教师、学校辅导员、职业治疗师和社会工作者在内的小组成员在酒店的会议室里站起来。没过多久,这群人就开始敲打墙壁和他们可以找到的任何东西。会场上不时传来阵阵笑声。一些人开始跳起舞来。
“创造节奏能够为身体提供一种不同的可预测性,而且这件事情你每天都可以做。”丹尼尔斯说。这位昔日的学校辅导员创造了一个名为“规范课堂”(Regulated Classroom)的训练项目,悉心培训教师如何管理自身的神经系统,从而减轻他们在课堂上的压力。
这套课程反映了一个日益加强的趋势:全美各地都在采取措施来解决教育工作者的心理健康问题——有些人认为早就应该这样做了。
应对新冠疫情后学生的心理健康问题,已经成为全美各地学校的当务之急。许多招不到老师的学区认为,在行为问题、对枪击事件的恐惧等压力因素困扰校园之际,照顾好教育工作者不仅有助于他们更好地帮助学生,还能够让学区留住更多的教师。
各个学区已经为员工团队提供了更多的心理健康培训、课堂支持,以及一些旨在识别倦怠教师,安排指导顾问提供帮助的资源和系统。
五年级教师卡伦·鲍登-格利说,她参加新罕布什尔的培训是因为遇到职业倦怠,但她也感觉到了学生的倦怠情绪。
“整个教师群体面临着非常高的要求,我们试图弥补学生们在过去两年耽误的功课。但我们忘记了他们已经有两三年没有踏入学校了,在社交和情感这一块是缺失的。我们正在课堂上处理这个问题。”
兰德公司(Rand Corporation)的一项调查显示,报告经常背负工作压力的校长和教师的占比是其他职业群体的两倍。新奥尔良心理健康组织联盟的一项研究发现,许多在新冠疫情期间工作的教育工作者出现了情绪困扰问题,困扰率与医护人员相似——36%的人焦虑不安,35%的人抑郁寡欢,还有19%的人患上了创伤后压力综合症。
“这一切糟透了。”特拉华大学教育学院(University of Delaware School of Education)教师情绪、特征和健康实验室(Teacher Emotions, Characteristics, and Health Lab)的首席研究员利·麦克莱恩说。他发现,小学教师的抑郁、焦虑和情绪疲惫水平比新冠疫情前高出100%至400%。
她发现,这些问题在新入职教师和有色人种教师中表现得尤为明显。
“由此看来,教师的情况似乎反映了我们在普罗大众中看到的不平等现象:代表性不足的群体受到的影响反而最大,这真的很不幸。”她说。
一些学区已经或打算将联邦新冠纾困资金投资于教师的心理健康,认为这样做也有助于改善课堂环境、提高留职率,并最终使学生受益。一些州已经将教师的心理健康列为优先事项,其中包括内布拉斯加州和宾夕法尼亚州。
亚特兰大学区利用联邦纾困资金与埃默里大学(Emory University)合作推出了一项心理健康服务。这项名为“紧急行为健康反应”(Urgent Behavioral Health Response)的服务资助11名来自埃默里大学的临床医生在上课时间为陷入困境的学校员工提供情感和行为援助。
与此同时,特拉华州的一个学区聘请了两名社交和情感学习教练。他们的工作是帮助教师解决他们在课堂上遇到的问题。
“不难想象,如果学生上课时积极参与,互帮互助,课堂上洋溢着一种积极的支持文化,那么教师的工作满意度可能就会更高一些。”科洛尼尔学区(Colonial School District)的身心健康事务主管乔恩·库珀说,“如此一来,他们就不太可能离职,这反过来也会增强他们的幸福感。”
休斯顿开始建造专门帮助学生舒缓情绪的减压室,并且希望为教师开设同样的空间。独立学区负责危机干预的高级经理肖恩·里克斯说,他发现“出现情绪问题的教师显著增加。”
里克斯指出,不同于传统的教师休息室,这些房间是一个让教师在休息时间“冷静和放松”的地方。教师们可以接受“一些芳香疗法,聆听一些轻柔的音乐或许也有好处。”
“我们希望他们能够理解,在校工作期间有时也需要利用休息时间做一些正念修习,进行自我护理。”里克斯说。
在印第安纳州,一所小学以“正念星期一”(Mindful Mondays)开启一周的学习生活,要求教师在课堂上指导学生深呼吸技巧。在“沉思星期四”(Thoughtful Thursdays),学校号召学生给教职员工写一封感谢信。此外,在“聚焦星期五”(Friday Focus)活动上,学生和教师就如何进行自我护理展开讨论。
“我们学校的老师知道他们一天当中什么时候需要休息,我希望他们利用好这段休息时间。”奥班农小学(O 'Bannon Elementary School)的校长阿莉森·艾伦-伦佐说。
越来越多的团体开始提供呼吸练习、瑜伽、轻柔动作和冥想等训练。
其中一个项目是在教育中培养感悟和复原力(Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education,简称CARE)。研究人员对纽约市的224名接受这项培训的教师进行了一项研究。他们发现,这些教师在情绪心理方面的困扰显著降低,因为时间不够而产生的压力,以及课堂互动质量也明显改善。研究人员还发现,这些改善最终让学生受益——他们更愿意参与课堂活动了。
弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)的教育学教授蒂什·詹宁斯指出,“你的压力可能会在不经意间上升,因为你的注意力过多地集中在周遭发生的种种事情上。”他是CARE开发团队的负责人,也是研究该项目的首席研究员。“而这些练习的作用就是建立一种能力,让你在任何特定时刻都可以更清楚地意识到自己的感受,这样你就能够变得更加积极主动。”
让我们再次走进新罕布什尔的研讨会。教育工作者把桌子推到一边,进行一系列被称为“气功”的伸展动作。然后,他们围成一圈,做一项旨在使神经系统同步的运动。他们开始齐声拍手、打响指,这就是所谓的“集体律动”。
参加“规范课堂”培训的教育工作者认为,这些新工具——尽管乍一看有点不正统——让他们精神振奋。鲍登-格利表示,她学会了如何“训练自己的大脑以不同的方式思考,”她还打算在课堂上使用这些工具来建立更好的社群意识,增强对学生的信心。
幼儿园教师凯利·赫德表示,这项培训让她对新学年可能发生的事情有了更好的感知。
“我爱教书,也爱孩子们,但这份工作真的很难做。”早在新冠疫情爆发前,她就经历了职业倦怠,所以参加了新罕布什尔的培训。“这场疫情如此严峻,影响如此之大,让人不堪重负。我现在有了一种重获新生的感觉,非常兴奋。我真的觉得自己完全可以享受到校园生活的乐趣。”(财富中文网)
译者:任文科
著名音乐人Prince的歌曲《覆盆子贝雷帽》(Raspberry Beret)甫一响起,大约20名新罕布什尔州的教育工作者齐刷刷地拿起木棍,跟着节拍敲打桌子。
作为这场为期两天的职业倦怠研讨会的主持人,埃米莉·丹尼尔斯鼓励包括教师、学校辅导员、职业治疗师和社会工作者在内的小组成员在酒店的会议室里站起来。没过多久,这群人就开始敲打墙壁和他们可以找到的任何东西。会场上不时传来阵阵笑声。一些人开始跳起舞来。
“创造节奏能够为身体提供一种不同的可预测性,而且这件事情你每天都可以做。”丹尼尔斯说。这位昔日的学校辅导员创造了一个名为“规范课堂”(Regulated Classroom)的训练项目,悉心培训教师如何管理自身的神经系统,从而减轻他们在课堂上的压力。
这套课程反映了一个日益加强的趋势:全美各地都在采取措施来解决教育工作者的心理健康问题——有些人认为早就应该这样做了。
应对新冠疫情后学生的心理健康问题,已经成为全美各地学校的当务之急。许多招不到老师的学区认为,在行为问题、对枪击事件的恐惧等压力因素困扰校园之际,照顾好教育工作者不仅有助于他们更好地帮助学生,还能够让学区留住更多的教师。
各个学区已经为员工团队提供了更多的心理健康培训、课堂支持,以及一些旨在识别倦怠教师,安排指导顾问提供帮助的资源和系统。
五年级教师卡伦·鲍登-格利说,她参加新罕布什尔的培训是因为遇到职业倦怠,但她也感觉到了学生的倦怠情绪。
“整个教师群体面临着非常高的要求,我们试图弥补学生们在过去两年耽误的功课。但我们忘记了他们已经有两三年没有踏入学校了,在社交和情感这一块是缺失的。我们正在课堂上处理这个问题。”
兰德公司(Rand Corporation)的一项调查显示,报告经常背负工作压力的校长和教师的占比是其他职业群体的两倍。新奥尔良心理健康组织联盟的一项研究发现,许多在新冠疫情期间工作的教育工作者出现了情绪困扰问题,困扰率与医护人员相似——36%的人焦虑不安,35%的人抑郁寡欢,还有19%的人患上了创伤后压力综合症。
“这一切糟透了。”特拉华大学教育学院(University of Delaware School of Education)教师情绪、特征和健康实验室(Teacher Emotions, Characteristics, and Health Lab)的首席研究员利·麦克莱恩说。他发现,小学教师的抑郁、焦虑和情绪疲惫水平比新冠疫情前高出100%至400%。
她发现,这些问题在新入职教师和有色人种教师中表现得尤为明显。
“由此看来,教师的情况似乎反映了我们在普罗大众中看到的不平等现象:代表性不足的群体受到的影响反而最大,这真的很不幸。”她说。
一些学区已经或打算将联邦新冠纾困资金投资于教师的心理健康,认为这样做也有助于改善课堂环境、提高留职率,并最终使学生受益。一些州已经将教师的心理健康列为优先事项,其中包括内布拉斯加州和宾夕法尼亚州。
亚特兰大学区利用联邦纾困资金与埃默里大学(Emory University)合作推出了一项心理健康服务。这项名为“紧急行为健康反应”(Urgent Behavioral Health Response)的服务资助11名来自埃默里大学的临床医生在上课时间为陷入困境的学校员工提供情感和行为援助。
与此同时,特拉华州的一个学区聘请了两名社交和情感学习教练。他们的工作是帮助教师解决他们在课堂上遇到的问题。
“不难想象,如果学生上课时积极参与,互帮互助,课堂上洋溢着一种积极的支持文化,那么教师的工作满意度可能就会更高一些。”科洛尼尔学区(Colonial School District)的身心健康事务主管乔恩·库珀说,“如此一来,他们就不太可能离职,这反过来也会增强他们的幸福感。”
休斯顿开始建造专门帮助学生舒缓情绪的减压室,并且希望为教师开设同样的空间。独立学区负责危机干预的高级经理肖恩·里克斯说,他发现“出现情绪问题的教师显著增加。”
里克斯指出,不同于传统的教师休息室,这些房间是一个让教师在休息时间“冷静和放松”的地方。教师们可以接受“一些芳香疗法,聆听一些轻柔的音乐或许也有好处。”
“我们希望他们能够理解,在校工作期间有时也需要利用休息时间做一些正念修习,进行自我护理。”里克斯说。
在印第安纳州,一所小学以“正念星期一”(Mindful Mondays)开启一周的学习生活,要求教师在课堂上指导学生深呼吸技巧。在“沉思星期四”(Thoughtful Thursdays),学校号召学生给教职员工写一封感谢信。此外,在“聚焦星期五”(Friday Focus)活动上,学生和教师就如何进行自我护理展开讨论。
“我们学校的老师知道他们一天当中什么时候需要休息,我希望他们利用好这段休息时间。”奥班农小学(O 'Bannon Elementary School)的校长阿莉森·艾伦-伦佐说。
越来越多的团体开始提供呼吸练习、瑜伽、轻柔动作和冥想等训练。
其中一个项目是在教育中培养感悟和复原力(Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education,简称CARE)。研究人员对纽约市的224名接受这项培训的教师进行了一项研究。他们发现,这些教师在情绪心理方面的困扰显著降低,因为时间不够而产生的压力,以及课堂互动质量也明显改善。研究人员还发现,这些改善最终让学生受益——他们更愿意参与课堂活动了。
弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)的教育学教授蒂什·詹宁斯指出,“你的压力可能会在不经意间上升,因为你的注意力过多地集中在周遭发生的种种事情上。”他是CARE开发团队的负责人,也是研究该项目的首席研究员。“而这些练习的作用就是建立一种能力,让你在任何特定时刻都可以更清楚地意识到自己的感受,这样你就能够变得更加积极主动。”
让我们再次走进新罕布什尔的研讨会。教育工作者把桌子推到一边,进行一系列被称为“气功”的伸展动作。然后,他们围成一圈,做一项旨在使神经系统同步的运动。他们开始齐声拍手、打响指,这就是所谓的“集体律动”。
参加“规范课堂”培训的教育工作者认为,这些新工具——尽管乍一看有点不正统——让他们精神振奋。鲍登-格利表示,她学会了如何“训练自己的大脑以不同的方式思考,”她还打算在课堂上使用这些工具来建立更好的社群意识,增强对学生的信心。
幼儿园教师凯利·赫德表示,这项培训让她对新学年可能发生的事情有了更好的感知。
“我爱教书,也爱孩子们,但这份工作真的很难做。”早在新冠疫情爆发前,她就经历了职业倦怠,所以参加了新罕布什尔的培训。“这场疫情如此严峻,影响如此之大,让人不堪重负。我现在有了一种重获新生的感觉,非常兴奋。我真的觉得自己完全可以享受到校园生活的乐趣。”(财富中文网)
译者:任文科
With Prince’s “Raspberry Beret” blaring in the background, about 20 New Hampshire educators grabbed wooden sticks and began pounding their tables to the beat.
Emily Daniels, who was leading a two-day workshop on burnout, encouraged the group including teachers, school counselors, occupational therapists and social workers to stand up inside a hotel conference room. Before long, the group was banging on walls and whatever else they could find. Laughter filled the air. A few started dancing.
“Rhythm making offers the body a different kind of predictability that you can do every single day,” said Daniels, a former school counselor who created The Regulated Classroom which trains teachers on how to manage their own nervous system and, in turn, reduce stress in the classroom.
The training session is part of a growing and, some would say, long overdue effort to address the strains on educators’ mental health.
Addressing the mental health challenges of students coming out of the pandemic has emerged as a priority for schools nationwide. Many districts, facing hiring challenges, see tending to the educators as a way to help them help students and to retain them, amid stressors that range from behavioral problems to fears of shootings.
School districts have provided increased mental health training for staff, classroom support as well as resources and systems aimed at identifying burned out teachers and getting instructors connected to help.
Karen Bowden-Gurley, a fifth grade teacher, said she attended the New Hampshire training because of teacher burnout, but she also feels student burnout.
“The demands on all of us were really high and we were trying to make up for lost time for the couple of years that they fell back on their curriculum. But we forgot that they haven’t been in school for a couple of years so they missed that social-emotional piece. We are dealing with that in the classroom.”
In a survey by the Rand Corporation, twice as many principals and teachers reported frequent job-related stress as other working adults. A study from a coalition of mental health organizations of New Orleans found educators working during the pandemic reported rates of emotional distress similar to health care workers — 36% screened positive for anxiety, 35% for depression and 19% for post-traumatic stress syndrome.
“It’s all pretty bad,” said Leigh McLean, the primary investigator at the Teacher Emotions, Characteristics, and Health Lab at the University of Delaware School of Education, who has found levels of depression, anxiety and emotional exhaustion among elementary school teachers that are 100% to 400% higher than before the pandemic.
She saw those issues increasing the most among early career teachers and teachers of color.
“So it seems like the patterns among teachers are mirroring inequities that we’re seeing in the general population with underrepresented groups being hit the hardest, which is really unfortunate,” she said.
Some districts have or are planning to invest federal COVID-19 relief money in teacher mental health, seeing it as a way to also improve the classroom environment, boost retention and ultimately benefit the students themselves. Among the states singling out teacher mental health as priorities are Nebraska and Pennsylvania.
The Atlanta school district launched a service with Emory University using federal funds to provide mental health services. Dubbed Urgent Behavioral Health Response, it funds 11 clinicians from Emory who provide emotional and behavioral assistance during school hours for struggling school employees.
A Delaware district, meanwhile, hired two social and emotional learning coaches who work to address problems teachers are having in the classroom.
“If you can imagine a teacher has a classroom where students are engaged, they are helping each other and there is a positive supportive culture, their job satisfaction is likely to be higher,” Jon Cooper, the director of the Colonial School District’s health and wellness division. “They are less likely to leave the profession, and in turn, that supports their well being.”
Houston, which started building calming rooms where students can go to decompress, is hoping to do the same for teachers, according to Sean Ricks, the Houston Independent School District’s senior manager of crisis intervention, noting that he has seen a “significant rise in teachers that were in distress.”
The rooms would be different from the traditional teacher break rooms and a place where teachers could go during time off to “calm down and chill out,” Ricks said, adding they could have “could have some aromatherapy, maybe some soft music.”
“We want them to be able to understand that we have to take mindfulness breaks and self-care breaks during the academic day sometimes,” Ricks said.
An elementary school in Indiana starts the week with Mindful Mondays, where teachers guide their classes in deep breathing techniques. There are also Thoughtful Thursdays, where a student is called on to write a letter to a staff member to show appreciation, and Friday Focus, when students and teachers talk about self-care.
“My teachers know when they need to take breaks throughout the day I want them to take those breaks,” said Allison Allen-Lenzo, the principal at O’Bannon Elementary School.
A growing number of groups offer training that incorporates breathing exercises, yoga, gentle movements and meditation.
One of these is Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education or CARE. In studies of its use among 224 New York City teachers, researchers found statistically significant improvements including reductions in emotional psychological distress, stress that comes from not having enough time as well as improvements in quality classroom interactions. Researchers also found that it extended to the students who showed increased engagement.
“Your stress level can rise without you even realizing it because your attention is so outwardly directed at everything else that’s going on around you,” said Tish Jennings, a University of Virginia education professor who led the team that developed CARE and was the lead researcher studying the program. “So what these practices do is build the capacity to be more aware of how you’re feeling at any given moment, so that you can be proactive.”
Back in New Hampshire, the educators pushed aside the tables and were mastering a series of stretching movements known as qigong. Then, they gathered in a circle for an exercise that aims to synchronizing their nervous system. Known as collective rhythm making, they began clapping their hands and snapping their fingers in unison.
The educators at The Regulated Classroom training believe these new tools — though on first glance a little unorthodox — invigorated them. Bowden-Gurley felt they allowed her to “train her brain to think differently” and planned to use them in the classroom to build a better sense of community and more confidence with her students.
Kelly Hurd, a kindergarten teacher, said the training gave her a sense of what is possible going into the new school year.
“I love teaching and I love the kids but it’s also hard,” Hurd, who experienced burnout before the pandemic and was part of the New Hampshire training, said. “The pandemic was so hard and so impactful and so stressful. I feel a sense of renewal and excitement and I do feel like I’ve been given permission to have more fun and focus on joy in school.”