外国投资者看法调查结果

In an effort to assess the current attitudes and outlook of foreign investors in China, FORTUNE China mailed survey forms in January 2001 to 3,000 senior managers in foreign invested enterprises, all of whom are readers of FORTUNE China.

Surveys were mailed without an incentive, although a stamped self-addressed envelope was provided.

The 3,000 managers surveyed are based in 29 different provinces and municipalities in China, although nearly 55% are based in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou; and more than 80% are based in these three cities plus Jiangsu, Fujian, Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Shandong. The response rate to the survey was 25.4%, or a total of 762 responses.

在中国的外资企业问卷调查表

Attitudes of Foreign Invested Enterprises in China

应答者的背景：所在行业和在华经营时问

Background of Respondents: Industry Sector and Length of Time in China

一半以上的应答者主要从事制造业

62% 的应答者在外资项目性质一栏把“制造业”列为其主要业务，20% 为“服务业”，7% 为“多元化行业”，10% 为“其他行业”。

Primary Nature of Business

More than half of respondents are primarily in manufacturing industries. Some 62% of respondents' foreign investment projects state "manufacturing" as their primary business, with 20% listing "services", 7% as "diversified" and 10% as "other."

在中国建立业务时间

应答者的企业一般在中国市场建立业务已有一段时间，而不是最近才进入中国市场，95% 在中国经营已有三年以上的历史。只有 5% 是在最近一至三年内建立起业务。相比之下，有 46% 的企业在 5 年至 10 年前已成立，32% 超过 10 年。

Direct Presence in China First Established

Respondents are generally well established in the China market rather than newcomers, with 95% present for 3 or more years. Only 5% reported that their direct presence was first established within the past 1-3 years. By contrast, 46% reported their direct presence was first established 5-10 years ago, and 32% more than 10 years ago.

对经营环境的展望：对中期表示乐观

Outlook on Business Environment: Medium-term Optimism

应答者对短期的经营环境表示不乐观，但对中期到长期则表示乐观。

Respondents expressed negative views about the short-term business environment, shifting to a more optimistic view in the medium to long term.

对 2001 年经营环境的展望

6% 对 2001 年经营环境的展望是“差”，57% 认为“尚好”；27% 认为“好”或“极好”。

How Business Environment in 2001 is Viewed

6% said the outlook for 2001 was "poor", 57% said "fair"; with only 27% reporting "good" or "excellent".

对2001-2004 年经营环境的展望

对中期（即 2001-2004 年）经营环境的展望，63% 的回答是“好”或“极好”；27% 认为“尚好”，只有 1% 认为“差”。

How Business Environment in 2001-2004 is Viewed

For the medium term, 2001-2004, 63% said the outlook was either "good" or "excellent", 27% reporting "fair" and only 1% "poor".

对 2001-2006 年经营环境的展望

应答者对 2001-2006 年的五年展望比较正面。67% 的回答是“好”或“极好”；17% 认为“尚好”，只有 1% 认为“差”。

How Business Environment in 2001-2006 is Viewed

The five-year outlook from 2001-2006 is more positive, with 67% reporting "good" or "excellent"; 17% reporting "fair" and only 1%

中国设立业务总部的地点

China Operations Headquarters Locations

61% 应答者在中国的业务总部设在北京、上海和广州；其中上海领先，占 29%，北京为第二位，占 27%。

Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were listed as the headquarters for China operations of some 61% of respondents, with Shanghai the leader at 29%, and Beijing in second place at 27%.

员工数目：不断增加

Staffing Levels: Increasing

超过一半（60%）的应答者表示其企业将会增加雇员数目，

32% 表示“保持不变”。只有 7% 预计会减少。

Over half (60%) of respondents stated the likelihood that their staffing levels will increase, with 32% saying they are likely to remain the same. Only 7% forecast a decrease.

营业环境中最今人不满的因素：贪污、规章制度、环境

Most Unsatisfactory Elements of Business Environment:

Corruption, Regulations, Environment

对于中国营业环境中最令人不满的因素，应答者列于最前面的三项是：贪污、规章制度和环境卫生。

相比之下，人工成本、生活质素和总体营业成本列为最令人满意的营业环境因素。

Corruption, environmental conditions, and the regulatory environment topped the list of respondents' feedback on the most unsatisfactory aspects of the business environment in China, out of a list of 12 items (see charts).

By contrast, labor costs, quality of life, and overall cost topped the list of the most satisfactory elements of the business environment.

注：由於部分应答者不回答此问题，总数加起来不等於 100%。

Note: Individual business environment elements do not add up to 100%

due to some repondents' lack of response

发展业务的制约因素

Biggest Constraints to Growth

外资企业认为发展业务的制约因素中最严重的是人力资源问题，19% 经营者表示这是最重要的制约因素。

其他问题依次为：法例的透明度和一致性、市场准入问题、税务、销售问题、知识产权问题和外汇问题。

Human resources issues topped the list of challenges identified as the biggest constraints to growth among foreign investor respondents, with 18% reporting it as the biggest single constraint.

Next in line, in order, came: transparency and consistency of regulations, market access issues, taxation, distribution problems, intellectual property rights and foreign exchange issues.

盈利情况：业绩与展望

Profitability: Track Record and Outlook

过去 3-5 年的公司业绩

58% 应答者认为过去 3-5 年的公司业绩是“盈利合理”或“盈利十分可观”。26% 回答“收支平衡”，15% 回答“亏损”或“严重亏损”。

Company's Track Record over Past 3-5 Years

Reporting on the past 3-5 years, 58% of respondents said their business had been "reasonably profitable" or "very profitable". Another 26% said they had been "break-even" and 15% reported "unprofitable" or "very unprofitable".

对 3-4 年后的展望

对 3-4 年后的展望，78% 认为其业绩会“盈利合理”或“盈利十分可观”。19% 预计其业绩“收支平衡”，预期“亏损”或“严重亏损”的比率下降到 2%。

3-4 Year Outlook

Looking ahead 3-4 years, 78% expect their business to be "reasonably profitable" or "very profitable". Those expecting "break-even" results numbered 19%, with those expecting "unprofitable" or "very unprofitable" dropping to 2%.

设立办事处的地点：分布全国各处

Office Locations: Diverse

上海是应答者设立办事处最多的地点（占 58%），其次为北京（54%），广州（37%）和广东省其他地点（31%）。

最少有 13 个其他地点有 15% 以上的应答者公司设立办事处（见下图）。

Shanghai leads the list of office locations with 58% of respondents reporting an office there, followed by Beijing with 54%, Guangzhou with 37% and Guangdong (other than Guangzhou) with 31%.

At least 13 other locations were reported to have offices by 15% or more of respondents (see chart).

增加投资的计划：相当乐观

Additional Investment Plans: Fairly Bullish

65% 的应答者表示“很可能会”或“肯定会”在未来 1-3 年内增加在中国的投资，另外 32% 表示“大概不会”在这段时间内增加投资。

Respondents totalling 65% stated they will "probably" or "definitely" make additional investments within the 1-3 year time frame, with another 32% stating that they probably would not make additional investments in this time frame.

在香港设立办事处

Hong Kong Presence

大约一半应答者（53%）在香港设有办事处，其中 25% 认为未来 1-3 年香港办事处的重要性会减少。另外 8% 认为香港办事处的重要性会加强；38% 认为香港办事处的重要性会保持不变。

About half of respondents (53%) said they have an office in Hong Kong. Of these, 25% expressed the view that their Hong Kong office would be less important during the next 1-3 years. Another 8% felt it would become more important; and 38% felt it would remain about the same in importance.