如何提高工作效率？这17个诀窍不可不知

有时我们希望一天不只24小时。可惜时间是没法控制的，我们只能控制自己的生产率。想要多完成些工作，合理利用时间至关重要。早起、冥想、列出每日必做事项清单——这些都是最大限度利用每分每秒的方法。

假如你希望提高每天工作的效率，以下诀窍可以帮助你。

1、提前一小时起床

即便你没有早起的习惯，也可以努力培养。

把起床闹钟调到比以往提前一小时（别按下止闹按钮），你就能多一小时安静且不受干扰的工作时间。

多项研究认为，早起的人工作效率高，事业上也更容易成功。有早起习惯就拥有了一大优势，工作时间会更多，总体心态也更乐观。

2、制定每日事项清单

制定一个清单，列出每天待解决的实际任务，内容简单明了。不必只列上花几小时才能完成的重要工作。就算只是叠衣服，也可以加到清单里。要打电话叫大夫？列入清单吧。

逐步完成每天的小任务不但能帮你提高每天的效率，也会有助于实现更远大的目标。

3、先难后易

最好先完成让你望而生畏的任务。解决高难度的问题之后，一天之中剩余的时间就可以用来完成其他工作。你不仅会心情愉快，工作效率也会高得多。

4、清理办公桌

老话说得好：眼不见、心不烦。保持专注差不多也是这个理。每天开始工作前，先花15分钟清理办公桌，腾出一块干净的办公区域，这会帮助你集中注意力，避免分心。不需要的扔掉，需要的文件认真归档。

5、早锻炼

早晨可以花一小段时间慢跑，或者练一些晨间瑜伽。

早锻炼会让人心情更好，工作效率提高。哈佛大学精神病学教授约翰·拉泰博士解释说，锻炼对“完成智力要求高的工作”非常关键。

6、工作系统化

将工作整理清楚，你会对手头的项目形成清晰、一致的思路。将工作系统化，就能一目了然，抓住重点，便于掌控，会帮助你突出重点。

7、一次专心做一件事

先专心把一个项目完成，然后再做下一个。

人们往往认为同时做很多任务可以完成更多工作，其实在各个任务之间疲于奔命有害无益。美国心理学会的一项研究发现，事实上，同时做两项任务反而会影响工作效率。

大多数人都会对自己边讲电话边写电邮的行为感到内疚，但真正影响工作效率的不是小任务，而是大型任务。上述研究报告称：“人类的头脑和心智生来就不适合从事繁重的多任务工作。”

8、开始说不

有时，看似简单的话却最难启齿。其实说出来无妨。重要的是管理别人的预期。如果你接手一项工作以后不能圆满完成，一开始就别做。

9、保证足够睡眠

这本来是常识。可如果认真了解下晚上睡足的人有多么少，估计会让人吃一惊。美国国家睡眠基金会认为，成年人夜间需要睡七到九个小时。你能保证么？

也许从现在起就应该早点上床睡觉了。睡得好可以激发工作效率，有助于保持身体健康，睡不好则会降低效率并影响健康。

10、认真整理邮件

看到收件箱里有200封未读邮件，只会让你感到焦虑。但是，不错过任何重要邮件也很重要。打开一封邮件以后立即回复、归档、写草稿或者删除，邮箱才会井井有条。

11、切断社交媒体

休息一下，暂时告别喧嚣的外部世界，避免用Facebook、Twitter或者Instagram等社交媒体，它们只会分散你的注意力。如果必须用社交媒体工作，请注意退出个人账户，以防分心。

12、要通读，不要略读

拿到文件要从头读到尾，不是大略翻翻而已，这点很重要。虽然我们通常感觉不到，但实际上略读可能比通读更费时间，因为可能忽略一些内容，不得不回头去找。

13、安排大段不间断的时间

只有不受打扰地工作，你才能保持专注。

说来容易做来难。有一种方法就是，腾出大段不间断的时间，专门处理手头上的项目。不管是关手机还是退出邮箱，一定要创造全心全意做事的环境，而且只处理一件事。

微软公司发布的一份研究报告显示，注意力转移后大脑要花15分钟才能重新集中精力。所以，如果你做一件事总是被打断，就得花很长时间完成。

14、戴上耳机

戴上耳机后要不要听音乐都随便。不过别人如果发现你戴着耳机发呆，估计不会打扰你。

15、开工以前先冥想

清晨醒来以后，花两分钟清理思绪，开始冥想。生活的艺术基金会认为，清早冥想的效果特别好，因为能让你充满活力，为即将面临的挑战做准备。

16、取消不必要的会议

在办公室里面对面沟通非常重要，但有时参加一些没完没了的会议纯粹是浪费时间。无论安排何种会议，请确保真有必要，看看你打算在会上讨论的内容是不是可以通过电邮或打电话完成。

假若你计划私人会谈，最好只安排30分钟，这样才能迅速切入要害。人们觉得时间紧迫时，就可能很快谈到重要事项。

17、做决定的时间控制在一分钟以内

假如想每天多完成一些工作，就必须速战速决，从缩短做决定的时间开始。

做决定可能是每天最花时间的事，要尽量缩短。其实就算花20分钟做决定，跟花一分钟想的很可能没两样。（财富中文网）

译者：Pessy

审校：夏林

Sometimes, we wish there were more hours in the day. Unfortunately, we can’t control time. What we can control is our productivity. Being cautious with how we spend our time is vital to getting more done during the day. Waking up earlier, meditating, creating daily to-do lists—there are a number of ways to make the most out of every minute.

If you want to be more productive during your day, these simple hacks will help get you on your way.

1.Wake up an hour earlier.

Even if you don’t identify as a “morning person,” you can still become one.

By setting your alarm an hour earlier than usual (and don’t hit the snooze button!), you’ll be able to get an extra hour of uninterrupted, peaceful work time.

Several studies correlate waking up early to productivity and success. Early risers have an advantage—they have extra work time and are more optimistic in general.

2.Make a daily to-do list.

Create a daily list of realistic tasks to tackle everyday. Keep it simple, too. Your tasks don’t need to be massive jobs that will take hours to complete. If you need to fold your laundry, add that to the list. Need to call the doctor? Add it.

These micro-tasks will not only help you get more done on a day-to-day basis, but they’ll also help you reach your bigger goals too.

3.Do the hardest tasks first.

It’s best to get those dreaded tasks out of the way first. After getting that big chunk of difficulty out of the way, the rest of your day is freed to complete everything else. Not only will you feel better, you’ll be much more productive too.

4.Clear off your desk.

As the saying goes, “Out of sight, out of mind.” That can be true for staying focused too. Taking 15 minutes before work every day to clear off your desk and create a clean workspace will help you focus and avoid distractions. Trash what you don’t need and file what you do.

5.Exercise in the morning.

Go for a quick jog or do some morning yoga.

Getting a workout in in the morning is linked to a better mood and higher levels of productivity. Harvard psychiatry professor Dr. John Ratey explains that exercise is vital in reaching “high-performance levels in intellectually demanding jobs.”

6.Set up a system.

Having a system of organization will give you a clear and consistent idea of the projects you have going on. This inventory of commitments will bring clarity, focus and control. It will help you know what’s most important.

7.Focus on one thing at a time.

Focus on getting one project finished before switching to the next.

People usually think that they’re getting more done by multitasking, but in reality, going back and forth from task to task isn’t beneficial. In fact, trying to perform two tasks simultaneously can actually take a toll on productivity, a study by the American Psychological Association reveals.

While most of us are guilty of talking on the phone while typing out an email — it’s not the little tasks that deter productivity, but the larger ones. “The mind and brain were not designed for heavy-duty multitasking,” reports the study.

8.Start saying no.

Sometimes that little word is the hardest to say. But it’s OK to say it. It’s important to manage people’s expectations, so if you can’t take something on and give it 100 percent, then don’t do it at all.

9.Get enough sleep.

This one’s a given, but you’d be surprised how few people actually do get enough sleep every night. According to the National Sleep Foundation, the average adult needs seven to nine hours of sleep a night. Are you getting that much?

Maybe it’s time to go to bed earlier. Sleep can make or break your productivity and well-being.

10.Keep your emails organized.

Seeing 200 unread messages in your inbox will only give you anxiety. But it’s also important you don’t overlook any important messages. Keep your inbox clean by responding, filing, drafting or deleting an email immediately after you’ve opened it.

11.Shut off social media.

Take a break from the hustle and bustle of the outside world and avoid going on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. They’ll only distract you. For people who need social media for work, make sure you’re logged out of any personal accounts so you don’t get pulled off-task.

12.Read, don’t skim.

It’s important to actually read the documents that come your way, not skim through them. Even though it doesn’t always feel this way, skimming can be more time-consuming than reading because you may skip something and have to go back.

13.Schedule chunks of uninterrupted time.

Once you get yourself focused, stay focused.

Although it’s easier said than done, a helpful way to make sure you keep your mind on track is to clear out a specified, uninterrupted time frame where you focus solely on the project at hand. Whether that means turning off your phone or closing your email, create an environment where you are free to focus on one thing—and one thing only.

According to a study by Microsoft MSFT -0.19% researchers, it takes the brain 15 minutes to re-focus after switching our attention to something else. So if you’re constantly being interrupted, it’s going to take you a long time to get your work done.

14.Put your headphones in.

Whether you want to play some tunes or not is up to you. But people are far less likely to disrupt you if they see that you’re zoned out with your headphones in.

15.Meditate before going into the office.

Take a couple minutes right when you wake up to clear your mind and meditate. According to the Art of Living Foundation, morning meditation is particularly powerful because it recharges and prepares you for the challenges that lie ahead.

16.Eliminate unnecessary meetings.

Face-to-face communication is vital in the workplace, but sometimes those long and endless meetings can be a waste of time. When scheduling any meetings, make sure they are truly necessary and whether what you plan to discuss can be handled through email or by phone.

If you do plan an in-person meeting, schedule it for 30 minutes only so it is fast and to-the-point. When people feel crunched on time, they are more likely to get to the important stuff quickly.

17.Make 60-second decisions.

If you want to get more done during your day, you’ve got to work fast. Start by cutting down the amount of time it takes you to make a decision.

Decision-making can be one of the most time-consuming tasks you do on a daily basis, so cut down on it to free up your time. You’ll likely make the same decision you would have made in 20 minutes’ time.