异地求职者数量创历史新低，原因如下

就业趋势既能反映求职者和就业者的处境，也可以同样程度体的现出用人单位的情况。2018年上半年的异地求职者比例略高于10%，创历史新低。与之相比，1986-1990年则有稍多于32%的求职者为了工作而迁往别处。

总部设在芝加哥的Challenger, Gray & Christmas是美国历史最长的高管就业咨询机构。该公司发布的新报告显示，异地求职者比例较低是近年来出现的一个重大趋势。Challenger, Gray & Christmas的数据来源是每个季度对大约1000名求职成功者的调查。

对异地求职意愿的变化有几种潜在解释，其中之一就是用人单位开出的薪资条件。和不愿承担潜在风险的心理相比，薪资和异地求职意愿的关系要紧密得多。这篇报告指出，20世纪90年代末互联网泡沫破裂时，那些一度不差钱的公司为吸引全美国人才而提供的安家补助的性质也发生了改变。

Challenger, Gray & Christmas副总裁安德鲁·查林杰在一份声明中说：“互联网泡沫破裂造成全国裁员人数上升，这个阶段看来标志着异地就业趋势的结束。随着公司进入降成本模式，许多企业看来都选择就地招人，并在随后几年里避免报销员工的安家费。”

说的再远一点儿，查林杰指出1982年衰退后的经济复苏举措可能推动了异地就业趋势，但此后这种趋势一直在减弱。

他补充道：“20世纪90年代末，有五分之一到四分之一的人到其他地方求职，但这不算什么，因为在20世纪80年代中后期，有近三分之一的人异地谋求职位。”

就连最近，或者说2000年，异地就业率仍达到22.9%，成为这个数字高于17%的最后一个年份。从那以后，求职者的年均异地就业率为12.7%。（财富中文网）

译者：Charlie

审校：夏林

Employment trends often say as much about job seekers and employees as they do about employers. Slightly more than 10% of job seekers relocated in the first half of 2018, a historic low compared with just over 32% job seekers who relocated for work between 1986 and 1990.

It’s part of a stark pattern that has emerged in recent years, according to a new report published by Chicago-based Challenger, Gray and Christmas, Inc., the nation’s oldest executive outplacement consultancy. The firm’s data is based on a survey of roughly 1,000 job seekers who secured employment each quarter.

There are several possible explanations for the shift in job seeker willingness to relocate, and one reason has far more to do with compensation offered by employers versus employees’ unwillingness to make a potentially risky move. The report notes that when the dot-com bubble burst in the late 1990s, it changed the nature of relocation packages that once-flush companies could offer to attract talent from across the nation.

“That burst led to an increase in job cuts nationwide, and this period seems to delineate the end of the relocation trend,” said the firm’s vice president, Andrew Challenger, in a statement. “As companies found themselves in cost-cutting mode, it seems many chose to find local candidates and spare the expense of relocation reimbursement in the years following.”

Looking even further back, Challenger notes that economic recovery initiatives following the 1982 recession may have fueled a relocation trend that’s been declining since then.

“The one-fifth to one-quarter of workers who were moving to find positions in the late 1990s is nothing compared to what we saw in the mid-to-late 1980s, when nearly one-third of workers were moving for new positions,” he added.

Even as recently as 2000, the relocation rate was 22.9%. That was the last year the rate topped 17%. Since then, the annual relocation rate for job seekers has averaged 12.7%.