最幸福国家排行榜出炉,美国排名创新低,看看中国排在第几位?
美国进入了有史以来最不幸福的时代。 2019年度的《世界幸福报告》(2019 World Happiness Report)连续第二年将芬兰列为世界上最幸福的国家,而美国则跌至第19位,这也是美国有史以来排名最低的一年(2018年是第18位,2017年是第14位)。 本周三公布的这份《世界幸福报告》对全球的156个国家进行了排名。在前十名中有五个国家都是北欧国家,另五个则是荷兰(第5名)、瑞士(第6名)、新西兰(第7名)、加拿大(第9名)和奥地利(第10名)。 就连因为脱欧而陷入分裂的英国都排在第15名,排在美国前面。 从2012年起,联合国可持续发展解决方案网络(UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network)的研究人员每年都会根据盖洛普公司的全球数据,提供一份《世界幸福报告》。各国的幸福指数由6个主要变量取三年的平均值。 · 人均GDP · 出生时预期健康寿命 · 来自于朋友和家人的社会支持 · 人生选择的自由 · 慈善捐助的慷慨程度 · 对政府腐败的感知度 研究人员发现,实行了基本收入实验政策的芬兰,过去几年的幸福指数稳步上涨。 周三快乐!根据联合国的年度《世界幸福报告》,芬兰连续第二年蝉联世界最幸福国家。 —芬兰政府(@FinGovernment),2019年3月20日 美国近年来的经济有所繁荣,但研究人员认为,社会资本与社会支持的下降,以及肥胖和药物滥用的增加,是导致美国人愈加不幸福的主要原因。该报告的作者珍·特文格认为,美国人休闲方式的重大改变也是原因之一,比如数字媒体的兴起,以及面对面交流的减少等。 报告的另一作者杰弗里·萨克斯称,美国是一个“全民上瘾的社会”。他写道,上瘾的症状在美国异常流行——比如赌博上瘾、使用社交媒体上瘾、玩电子游戏上瘾、购物上瘾、吃垃圾食品上瘾、锻炼上瘾、从事危险行动上瘾、从事危险性行为上瘾……如此种种,不一而足。“全民上瘾”的现象还在加深,或许可以说是显著加深。 萨克斯写道:“大学里讲授的自由市场理论认为,消费者知道什么对他们来说是最好的,而企业能够有效、恰当地满足这些需求。但是上瘾症状的流行则描绘了一幅截然不同的画面——个人很可能会被企业引诱,做出自我毁灭的行为,尤其是被那些热衷于提高商品和服务销量的企业。” 2019年度世界幸福指数排名 以下分别是幸福指数排名前20位和后10位的国家,以及部分介于两者之间的国家: 1、芬兰(7.769) 2、丹麦(7.600) 3、挪威(7.554) 4、冰岛(7.494) 5、荷兰(7.488) 6、瑞士(7.480) 7、瑞典(7.343) 8、新西兰(7.307) 9、加拿大(7.278) 10、奥地利(7.246) 11、澳大利亚(7.228) 12、哥斯达黎加(7.167) 13、以色列(7.139) 14、卢森堡(7.090) 15、英国(7.054) 16、爱尔兰(7.021) 17、德国(6.985) 18、比利时(6.923) 19、美国(6.892) 20、捷克(6.852) … 32、巴西(6.300) 58、日本(5.886) 68、俄罗斯(5.648) 93、中国(5.191) 108、委内瑞拉(4.707) 117、伊朗(4.548) 126、伊拉克(4.437) 140、印度(4.015) … 147、海地(3.597) 148、博茨瓦纳(3.488) 149、叙利亚(3.462) 150、马拉维(3.410) 151、也门(3.380) 152、卢旺达(3.334) 153、坦桑尼亚(3.231) 154、阿富汗(3.203) 155、中非共和国(3.083) 156、南苏丹(2.853) 幸福指数增长最多的国家 从2005-2008年,到2016-2018年,以下这些国家的幸福水平提高幅度最大。括号中的数字代表幸福指数的增加值。 1、贝宁(1.390) 2、尼加拉瓜(1.264) 3、保加利亚(1.167) 4、拉脱维亚(1.159) 5、多哥(1.077) 幸福指数下降最快的国家 以下国家是在同一段时间内幸福指数下降最多的。 128、也门(-1.097) 129、印度(-1.137) 130、博茨瓦纳(-1.606) 131、叙利亚(-1.861) 132、委内瑞拉(-1.944)(财富中文网) 译者:朴成奎 |
The United States is the unhappiest it’s ever been. The 2019 World Happiness Report says that Finland remains the happiest country on earth for the second year in the row, while the U.S. drops to No. 19, it’s worst ranking ever (it was 18 in 2018 and 14 in 2017). The global report on 156 countries released Wednesday placed five Nordic countries in the top 10, with the Netherlands (5), Switzerland (6), New Zealand (7), Canada (9), and Austria (10) filling out the other top spots. At No.15., even the Brexit-divided United Kingdom ranked higher than the U.S. Researchers with the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network have been creating the annual happiness report since 2012, based on global data from Gallup. Countries’ happiness scores are determined by six main variables on a three-year average: · GDP per capita · Healthy life expectancy at birth · Social support from friends and family · Freedom to make life choices · Generosity in the form of donations to charity · Perceptions of government corruption Finland — home of the recent basic income experiment — has shown steady upward progress over the past few years, the researchers found. Happy Wednesday! According to annual World Happiness Report by UN, Finland is the happiest country in the world, for a second time in a row. https://t.co/OJ0O8X2zKs — Finnish Government (@FinGovernment) March 20, 2019 In the U.S., where prosperity is on the rise, researchers pin the blame on declines in social capital and social support and increases in obesity and substance abuse. Author Jean M. Twenge believes fundamental changes in how Americans spend their leisure time are also to blame, pointing a finger at the rise of digital media and the decline of face-to-face interactions. Report co-author Jeffrey Sachs calls the United States a “mass-addiction society.” The prevalence of addictions — including gambling, social media use, video gaming, shopping, consuming unhealthy foods, exercising, and engaging in extreme sports or risky sexual behaviors — in American society seems to be on the rise, perhaps dramatically, he writes. “The free-market theory taught in our universities holds that consumers know what’s best for them, with businesses efficiently and appropriately catering to those desires,” Sachs wrote. “The prevalence of addiction suggests a very different picture: that individuals may be lured into self-destructive behaviors, notably by businesses keen on boosting sales of their goods and services.” 2019 World Happiness Rankings These are the top 20 and bottom 10 countries ranked by happiness, with a selection of countries in between: 1. Finland (7.769) 2. Denmark (7.600) 3. Norway (7.554) 4. Iceland (7.494) 5. Netherlands (7.488) 6. Switzerland (7.480) 7. Sweden (7.343) 8. New Zealand (7.307) 9. Canada (7.278) 10. Austria (7.246) 11. Australia (7.228) 12. Costa Rica (7.167) 13. Israel (7.139) 14. Luxembourg (7.090) 15. United Kingdom (7.054) 16. Ireland (7.021) 17. Germany (6.985) 18. Belgium (6.923) 19. United States (6.892) 20. Czech Republic (6.852) … 32. Brazil (6.300) 58. Japan (5.886) 68. Russia (5.648) 93. China (5.191) 108. Venezuela (4.707) 117. Iran (4.548) 126. Iraq (4.437) 140. India (4.015) … 147. Haiti (3.597) 148. Botswana (3.488) 149. Syria (3.462) 150. Malawi (3.410) 151. Yemen (3.380) 152. Rwanda (3.334) 153. Tanzania (3.231) 154. Afghanistan (3.203) 155. Central African Republic (3.083) 156. South Sudan (2.853) Biggest increases in happiness From 2005-2008 to 2016-2018, these countries’ happiness levels were most improved. The number is the increase in points over those years: 1. Benin (1.390) 2. Nicaragua (1.264) 3. Bulgaria (1.167) 4. Latvia (1.159) 5. Togo (1.077) Biggest drops in happiness At the other end of the scale, these countries saw the biggest decreases in happiness levels over the same time period: 128. Yemen (-1.097) 129. India (-1.137) 130. Botswana (-1.606) 131. Syria (-1.861) 132. Venezuela (-1.944) |