距民主党初选还有一年，已有十多位理念各不相同的政客加入争夺2020年民主党总统候选人提名。

听起来人不少，但严格来说2020年有200多位民主党候选人竞选总统。联邦选举委员会要求，如果总统候选人收到或花费5000美元以上，应在15天内登记候选人资格，不过有些人登记时还没花过钱。

当然，并不是所有候选人都能出现在辩论环节。民主党全国委员会已经制定规则，只有20位候选人能够参与辩论：三次投票中获得至少1%支持，或至少获得65000位捐助者（至少来自于20个州，每个州至少200位）捐助才有资格辩论。如果超过20名候选人符合条件，同时符合两项标准的将优先入围。

RealClearPolitics于3月收集的数据显示，各项民意调查中前副总统拜登均处于领先地位，佛蒙特州参议员伯尼·桑德斯在艾默生的一项调查中经常紧随其后。拜登尚未正式宣布担任候选人，不过几个月来一直打趣说可能性很小。

加利福尼亚州参议员卡马拉·哈里斯、得克萨斯州前国会议员贝托·奥鲁克、马萨诸塞州参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦和新泽西州参议员科里·布克也是较为出名的几位，这几位政治生涯亮眼、有些成功战绩，意见也比较尖锐。然而，还有很多人紧随其后，民调支持率接近1%。

以下都是2020年民主党候选人，之前其竞选纲领可能鲜为人知。

玛丽安·威廉姆森：全面领导者

作为十几本书的畅销书作者，威廉姆森并不是典型的政治家。她一直遵循1976年出版的《奇迹课程》（A Course in Miracles）一书倡导原则从事教学、咨询和写作，她说35年里该书并未鼓吹某种宗教，而是提倡普遍的精神反思。

她的竞选口号是“更新民主精神”，目标是从源头解决问题。她在网站上展示的政见有许多与常见的民主党观点一致：为非法移民争取公民身份，保护LGBTQ+性少数人群权利，终结性虐待，支持有规划的生育，重新加入巴黎协议，改革刑事司法系统，加强枪支管制等。她还支持中产阶级减税，废除特朗普2017年的企业减税措施、绿色新政和全民医保方案等。

从精神教育和行动主义的背景来看（艾滋病流行期间威廉姆森创建了天使食品项目，为宅在家中的病人提供食物），威廉姆森的政见有些方面与其他民主党人大相径庭。

威廉姆森也知道自己政策的独特性和作为政治领域局外人的地位，然而她的竞选页面上写道：“精神上的听众并不会总对我的政治活动感到高兴，而政治上的听众并不会总对我的精神信仰感到高兴，但两者结合起来就是真实的我。”.

她提议设立新的联邦部门，一是儿童和青年部，以满足儿童在学校的需要，二是和平建设部，就非暴力解决方案向总统提供建议。她还希望改革公立学校系统，为儿童提供更多的社会和情感学习，包括“比较宗教”课程，目标是“提供精神启蒙并协助缓解宗教冲突”。

威廉姆森的政见还契合了印第安人的需要，她表示将停止基石管道建设，并促进保护部落主权。她还呼吁制定2000亿美元至5000亿美元的奴隶赔偿计划，提议成立非裔美国领导人委员会，以确定未来20年里哪些项目可以从中受益。

杨安泽：以人为本的资本家

杨安泽也是没有民选政治家经验的候选人。作为移民之子，他最初在一家医疗初创企业工作，还曾经营教育公司，后来于2011年创建非营利性机构Venture for America。该机构提供为期两年的奖学金计划，为想在创业公司工作的应届毕业生提供机会。

然而，缺乏政治经验并不意味着他在竞选中政策方面有所欠缺。这位企业家的政见堪称最详尽之一，主要有三大亮点：以人为中心的资本主义、确定普遍基本收入以及全民医保方案。

第一项政策可落实为更好的公司监管。杨安泽认为，以人为本的资本主义更加注重人才，而不是单纯金钱。因此，他认为应该采用名叫数字社会信用（可以转换成美元）的新货币系统，奖励给“具有重大社会价值”的人和组织。

第二项政策是全民基本收入，也是杨安泽竞选的驱动因素。他建议，无论收入或就业状况如何，18岁以上的美国公民每月都应该获得1000美元。资金来自于一些福利计划合并及实施10%的增值税，或者来自于企业商品或服务的税收。杨安泽表示，实施普遍的基本收入后，预计紧急医疗和福利的需求将会减少，到2025年经济将增长约2.5万亿美元。

杨安泽的第三项领导政策“全民医保”是许多民主党政见的重要组成部分。然而，杨安泽并没有就此止步。他在竞选网站上全面介绍了自己的理念，其中包括从夏令时（他会延长时间）到警察暴行（他将为美国每位警察配备执法摄像头）。他甚至承诺向全民提供免费的婚姻咨询服务，还表示全国大学体育协会应该为运动员支付工资。

和大多数民主党人一样，杨安泽支持枪支立法更严格、为非法移民争取公民身份、保护网络中立地位以及推进刑事司法改革。他还提议增加学生债务的赦免和偿还计划，并且支持绿色新政。

约翰·德莱尼：两党候选人

德莱尼的竞选活动显示出他是值得信赖的两党议员。进入政界之前他是企业家，但2012年一直是马里兰州的国会代表之一。

为了吸引温和派，德莱尼承诺总统任期的头100天内只通过两党立法，每年举行四次国会辩论，以维持公开对话。

除此之外，他的政见与民主党传统一致，呼吁改善投票权、削减高等教育学费和广泛移民改革。他还承诺解决人工智能对经济的影响，并将收入所得税抵减额提高一倍。

他还提出1万亿美元基础设施计划，建议将企业税率提高到25%，并建议对大型制药企业征收100%的消费税，以平衡全球药品价格。德莱尼表示，为了振兴美国农村，将为在农村生活和工作10年的学生提供贷款减免。

尽管德莱尼不支持绿色新协议，但承诺重新加入巴黎协议，实施联邦碳税，投资绿色基础设施、可再生能源和负排放技术，同时结束化石能源补贴。他支持全民医疗，也会支持私人选择。

解决少数族裔问题方面，德莱尼提出了“对黑人美国的承诺”，承诺增加银行服务，确保少数族裔企业家同样有机会融资，并修改刑事司法制度。德莱尼也是众多支持《学生非歧视法案》的候选人之一，该法案主要保护LGBTQ+人群。

皮特·布蒂吉格：千禧一代市长

这位千禧一代市长可能是名不见经传的候选人里最知名的一位。皮特·布蒂吉格是前美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马2016年点名最有前途的四位政治人物之一（其中也包括卡马拉·哈里斯），他的学术资历深厚，代表了许多人对知识分子再次执掌白宫的愿望。

布蒂吉格目前是印第安纳州南本德市的市长，也是八年任期的最后一年，该市也是他成长的地方。他曾经获得过牛津罗兹奖学金，也是哈佛大学毕业生，精通7种语言。布提吉格不仅聪明，身体也不差。他还是美国海军预备役中尉，曾经因为前往阿富汗服役而暂离市长职位7个月。

作为总统候选人，布蒂吉格强调摆脱“过去的政治”。他的竞选视频强调了与年轻选民的关系：深受学校枪击影响的一代、911事件后的战争、经济发展停滞、气候变化活动和移民等。他支持绿色新政和全民医保方案。

布蒂吉格说，他帮助面临困境的南本德市转型，今后也可为国家政治提供“新的开始”。作为已婚的同性恋者，如果竞选成功他将成为美国第一位公开的同性恋总统。

图尔西·加巴德：来自夏威夷的候选人

像布蒂吉格一样，加巴德的简历也相当亮眼，虽然只有37岁。她在跨宗教、跨种族的家庭中长大，21岁开始在夏威夷州议会任职。她曾经两次与夏威夷国民警卫队一起前往中东地区，回国后在檀香山市议会任职。现在加巴德是国民警卫队少校，也是国会里的四届夏威夷代表。

加巴德在竞选中希望美国“本着阿罗哈精神团结一致”，致力于和平。她呼吁结束政权更迭战争，开展合作外交政策，表示可以把“士兵原则”带到白宫，包括“尊严、荣誉和尊重”。

除了关注外交之外，加巴德的政纲与其他许多民主党人的政见大体相似。她对绿色新政并不热衷，但承诺采取绿色能源和基础设施解决气候变化问题。她支持全民医疗和刑事司法改革，同时承诺解决大医药企业和华尔街的问题。

约翰·希肯洛珀：务实的候选人

希肯洛珀的职业生涯开始时离政治很远。在20世纪80年被解雇之前，他一直是地质学家，两年的失业经历迫使他创业。

他在丹佛的仓库区开了一家餐馆和酿酒厂。后来发展为15家餐馆，主要分布在中西部地区，希肯洛珀还与当地政府合作改造商业中心区。

2003年，希肯洛珀成功竞选丹佛市市长，随后担任两届科罗拉多州州长，于2019年1月离任。作为总统候选人，这位前地质学家表现出务实精神，他可以采用中间派政见来完成工作。

他支持全民医疗，并不完全支持全民医保方案。他认为，绿色新协议设定了“无法实现的目标”，但支持就解决气候变化立法，并将重点放在绿色能源上（这一立场与他通常支持水力压裂的立场不同）。

希肯洛珀吹捧自己在科罗拉多州的政绩，包括扩大医疗保健、改善经济、制定甲烷排放法以及实施更严格的枪支管制法。虽然他之前任职显示出潜力，但可能会被丑闻困扰。有一家州道德监督委员会正调查希肯洛珀有没有违反州规定，作为州长免费乘坐飞机。他表示不管有没有支付费用，都与实际政策无关。

杰伊·因斯利：气候变化候选人

2018年10月，政府间气候变化专门委员会发布报告警告称，如果人类想避免气候变化影响的极端情况，就要紧急采取措施实现巨大变化。长期倡导环境行动的因斯利非常严肃对待这一威胁，整个竞选活动也都围绕美国应对气候变化展开。

“我是唯一能够击败气候变化的候选人，也是美国面临的首要任务。”因斯利在竞选视频中说，他认为100%可再生能源和繁荣的绿色经济是可能实现的。

1985年因斯利便开始从事公职。他在众议院工作多年，现在是华盛顿州州长的第二个任期。

作为州长，他制定了带薪家庭假期计划，保护网络中立，扩大医保范围，保护各种选民的权利，包括妇女和LGBTQ+人群。他还支持全民医疗，1月为华盛顿居民推出了“公共选择”。特朗普针对几个穆斯林占多数的国家颁布旅行禁令时，华盛顿第一个起诉。

尽管因斯利支持围绕绿色新政展开的对话，但对当前环境问题有自己的答案。他提出了“美国气候使命”计划，包括四个部分：创造以100%清洁能源和零温室气体污染为动力的经济；争取环境公正和经济包容；投资环保的就业、基础设施和创新；终止化石燃料补贴等。

艾米·克洛布查尔：看重机会的候选人

去年2月，明尼阿波利斯遭遇大雪袭击，担任明尼苏达州第三届参议员、前律师克洛布查尔宣布竞选总统。她在演讲中强调扎根地区，呼吁全国团结，希望众人将“障碍当成通往未来的道路”。

像许多民主党人一样，克洛布查尔支持投票权法案，改革刑事司法和移民制度，消除税收漏洞，加强枪支管制。她还强调保证网络中立，保护在线隐私，承诺在2022年前与大科技公司合作，确保每家都能够普及互联网。

她提出的1万亿美元基础设施计划里，互联网目标也是其中一部分，该计划还提出整修道路、推动公共交通现代化、重建学校、提高能源效率和确保清洁用水。为相关计划支付的手段包括将公司税率提高到25%。

克洛布查尔没有特别支持绿色新协议，但她承诺就任总统第一天便重新加入巴黎协议。她还承诺头100天的工作重点包括恢复清洁能源法规，投资绿色就业和基础设施。她在全民医保法案方面有些迟疑，但支持全民医疗，也打算拿大医药企业开刀。

这位参议员性格激进，工作勤奋，说明她会努力完成，但有报道称她在工作中对工作人员不太友好。《纽约时报》曾经报道称，克洛布卡坐飞机时用梳子吃沙拉，之前责骂手下员工弄丢了叉子还命令员工清洗。克洛布卡承认自己是个“强硬的老板”，但她认为原因是对自己期望很高。

韦恩·梅萨姆：免除债务的候选人

梅萨姆制定了一项受教育程度较高人士可能喜欢的计划，即一次性免除所有联邦和私人学生贷款。学生债务总额已经远超1万亿美元，梅萨姆认为，如果毕业生免除还款负担，可以推动GDP每年增长860亿美元至1080亿美元，同时每年创造100多万个新就业机会。梅萨姆说，这项雄心勃勃的计划可以通过部分取消特朗普2017年的减税政策来实现。

梅萨姆作为佛罗里达州米拉玛市的市长，习惯于从小着手解决重大问题。他的城市通过了基本工资方案，与石油工业作斗争，承诺支持巴黎协定，保护移民，将工作岗位从中国转移回国内，还曾经起诉州政府以推翻全国步枪协会支持的法律。

像其他某些政客一样，他的职业生涯始于商业。梅萨姆是二代移民，曾经与妻子创办环保型建筑公司，后来担任市政专员。他是米拉玛市第一任黑人市长，如今已到第二个任期。

除了取消学生贷款和关注枪支管制，梅萨姆还没有对政见发表过多公开声明。他表示支持绿色新政的“紧迫性和最终目标”，也计划解决医疗高成本问题。

不过他的过去可能有点麻烦，因为总检察长布劳沃德办公室曾调查梅萨姆2015年竞选市长期间的可疑支出。梅萨姆拒绝接受采访后，总检察长办公室结束了调查，但将此事提交给了佛罗里达州选举委员会。根据廉政中心的说法，佛州联邦选举委员会尚未公开做出决定。

The Democratic primary elections are a year away, and yet more than a dozen politicians with varying degrees of progressive ideals are vying for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president.

This may sound like a crowded ballot but, technically speaking, there are more than 200 Democratic candidates running for president in 2020. The Federal Election Commission requires any presidential potential to register their candidacy within 15 days of receiving or spending $5,000 or more, but some have registered without yet spending a dime.

Of course, not all of these candidates will be seen in debates. The Democratic National Committee has set guidelines to limit its debates to 20 participants: only those who register at least 1% support in three polls or raise funds from at least 65,000 unique donors (with a minimum of 200 per state in at least 20 states) are eligible to debate. In the event more than 20 candidates qualify, those meeting both thresholds will be favored for participation.

March measurements aggregated by RealClearPolitics show former Vice President Joe Biden leading in every poll, with Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders often not far behind—the two are equally favored in an Emerson survey. This is despite the fact that Biden has yet to officially announce his candidacy, although he’s teased the possibility for months now.

California Sen. Kamala Harris, former Texas congressman Beto O’Rourke, Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, and New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker are similarly well-known for their political careers, successful stumping, or fiery opinions. There are many more, however, who tail the polls with sometimes less than 1%.

These are the 2020 Democratic candidates you might not have heard of before and their platforms.

Marianne Williamson: The Holistic Leader

As the best-selling author of more than a dozen books, Williamson is not your typical politician. She’s been teaching, counseling, and writing based on the principles of the 1976 book A Course in Miracles—which she says promotes not any specific religion, but rather universal spiritual reflection—for 35 years.

Her political campaign calls for a “renewal of the spirit of our democracy,” and aims to tackle issues at the root. The platform laid out on her website includes many of the usual Democratic views: creating a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, protecting the LGBTQ+ community, ending gerrymandering, supporting Planned Parenthood, rejoining the Paris agreement, reforming the criminal justice system, tightening gun control, etc. She also supports middle-class tax cuts, the repealing of Trump’s 2017 corporate tax cuts, the Green New Deal, and Medicare-for-all.

Coming from a background of spiritual teaching and activism (Williamson founded Project Angel Food during the AIDs epidemic to bring food to home-bound patients), there are some aspects of Williamson’s platform that stray drastically from what other Democrats have suggested.

Williamson is aware of her policies’ uniqueness and her position as an outsider in the political field, however, writing on her campaign page, “Spiritual audiences haven’t always been happy with my political activism, and political audiences haven’t always been happy with my spiritual convictions, but the combination of the two is who I am.”

She has proposed new federal departments, including a Department of Childhood and Youth to address children’s needs in schools and a Department of Peacebuilding to advise the president on non-violent solutions. She also aims to revamp the public school system to provide more social and emotional learning to children, including lessons on “comparative religion” for the purpose of “spiritual enlightenment and to help ease religious strife.”

Williamson’s platform addresses the needs of Native American people, saying she will stop Keystone Pipeline construction and promote the protection of tribal sovereignty. She also calls for a $200 billion to $500 billion plan of reparations for slavery, proposing the formation of a council of African-American leaders to determine which programs will benefit from the funds over a 20-year span.

Andrew Yang: The Human-Centered Capitalist

Yang is another candidate with no experience as an elected politician. The son of immigrants, Yang first worked in a healthcare startup and ran an education company before founding Venture for America in 2011. This two-year fellowship program provides opportunities for recent graduates who want to work at a startup.

The lack of political experience doesn’t mean his campaign is lacking in policy, however. The entrepreneur has one of the most exhaustive platforms, with three main highlights: human-centered capitalism, universal basic income, and Medicare-for-all.

The first policy would translate into better regulation of corporations. Yang argues that human-centered capitalism puts more value on people than money. Thus he states a new currency called Digital Social Credit (which can be converted into dollars) should be rewarded to people and organizations who “drive significant social value.”

The second policy, universal basic income, is the driving factor of Yang’s campaign. He proposes every U.S. citizen over the age of 18 should receive $1,000 per month, regardless of income or employment status. This money would come from the consolidation of some welfare programs and the implementation of a 10% value-added tax, or a tax on the production of goods or services a business produces. Universal basic income is also expected to lead to fewer people needing emergency healthcare and welfare, and, according to Yang, will grow the economy by about $2.5 trillion by 2025.

Medicare-for-all, Yang’s third leading policy, is a major part of many Democrats’ platforms. Yang doesn’t stop there, however. He’s fully outlined his beliefs on his campaign website, covering everything from Daylight Saving Time (he’ll extend it) to police brutality (he’ll give every police officer in the U.S. a body camera). He even promises free marriage counseling for all and says the NCAA should pay its athletes.

Like most Democrats, Yang supports stricter gun laws, a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, the protection of net neutrality, and criminal justice reform. He also proposes increased forgiveness and payback plans for student debt, and supports the Green New Deal.

John Delaney: The Bipartisan Candidate

Delaney’s presidential campaign presents him as a trustworthy, bipartisan lawmaker. He was an entrepreneur prior to entering politics, but has served as one of Maryland’s representatives to Congress since 2012.

In an effort poised to attract moderates, Delaney has promised to only pass bipartisan legislation for the first 100 days of his presidency and debate Congress four times a year to maintain an open dialogue.

Otherwise he has a traditionally Democratic platform, calling for improved voting rights, affordable higher education, and comprehensive immigration reform. He’s also pledged to address the effects of artificial intelligence on the economy and double the earned income tax credit.

His $1 trillion infrastructure plan proposes raising the corporate tax rate to 25%, and he’s suggested a 100% excise tax on big pharmaceutical companies to balance drug prices globally. To aid rural America, Delaney said he’d provide loan forgiveness for students who live and work there for 10 years.

While he does not support the Green New Deal, Delaney has promised to rejoin the Paris agreement, implement a federal carbon tax, and invest in green infrastructure, renewable energy, and negative emissions technologies while ending fossil fuel subsidies. He supports universal healthcare while also maintaining private options.

In addressing minority populations, Delaney presented a “Commitment to Black America” that pledges to increase access to banking services, ensure minority entrepreneurs have opportunities for capital, and amend the criminal justice system. Delaney is also one of the many candidates who supports the Student Non-Discrimination Act, which protects those in the LGBTQ+ community.

Pete Buttigieg: The Millennial Mayor

This millennial mayor is probably the most well-known of the unknown candidates. Pete Buttigieg one of four Democrats former President Barack Obama named as promising political figures back in 2016 (Kamala Harris was another) and with an impressive academic resume, he represents the intellect many wish to see in the White House once again.

Buttigieg is currently in his eighth and final year as mayor of South Bend, Ind.—the same town where he grew up. He’s a former Oxford Rhodes Scholar and a Harvard graduate, proficient in seven different languages. The brains don’t lack brawn, however: Buttigieg was also a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve, and took seven months leave from his position as mayor to deploy to Afghanistan.

As a presidential candidate, Buttigieg has stressed the need to move away from the “politics of the past.” His campaign video highlights his relationship to younger voters: the generation of school shootings, post-9/11 war, economic immobility, climate change activism, immigration, and more. He supports the Green New Deal and Medicare-for-all.

Buttigieg says he helped to transform a dying South Bend, and would offer a “fresh start” for a national politics. As a married gay man, he would be the first openly homosexual U.S. president.

Tulsi Gabbard: The Aloha Candidate

Like Buttigieg, Gabbard has an impressive resume for someone of just 37 years. She was raised in an interfaith, interracial household and began serving in the Hawaii state legislature at the age of 21. She was deployed twice to the Mideast with the Hawaii Army National Guard, and then served on the Honolulu city council upon her return. Today, Gabbard is a major in the National Guard and a four-term Hawaiian representative in Congress.

Gabbard’s campaign invites the country to “stand united in the spirit of aloha” and work towards peace. She calls for an end to regime change wars and the start of a cooperative foreign policy, saying she can bring a “soldier’s principles” to the White House, including “dignity, honor, and respect.”

Aside from the focus on diplomacy, Gabbard’s platform is overall similar to many other Democrats. She’s not enthusiastic about the Green New Deal, but does promise to tackle climate change with green energy and infrastructure. She supports universal healthcare and criminal justice reform while promising to take on big pharmaceuticals and Wall Street.

John Hickenlooper: The Pragmatic Candidate

Hickenlooper’s career started out pretty far from politics. He was a geologist until he got laid off in the 1980s, and two years of unemployment led him to pursue entrepreneurship.

He went on to open a restaurant and brewery in Denver’s warehouse district. This turned into 15 different restaurants mostly across the Midwest, where Hickenlooper frequently worked with local governments to transform the downtown areas surrounding his business.

In 2003, Hickenlooper successfully ran for Denver mayor, and then went on to serve two terms as Colorado governor, leaving office in January 2019. As a presidential candidate, the former geologist presents himself as a pragmatic person who can get things done with a centrist platform.

He supports universal healthcare, but isn’t fully on board with Medicare-for-all. He thinks the Green New Deal sets “unachievable goals,” but supports legislation that tackles climate change and focuses on green energy (a position that diverges from his usual support for hydraulic fracturing).

Hickenlooper touts his successes in Colorado politics, including expanding healthcare, improving the economy, setting methane emission laws, and implementing stricter gun control laws. While his former offices show his potential, he may also be followed by scandal: a state ethics watchdog committee is investigating whether Hickenlooper accepted free jet rides as governor in violation of state rules. He says he either paid for the rides or the trip wasn’t relevant to his policy formation.

Jay Inslee: The Climate Change Candidate

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report in October 2018 warning urgent and drastic changes are needed if humans are to avoid the worst effects of climate change. Inslee, a longtime advocate for environmental action, is taking that threat seriously: his entire campaign is centered around the U.S. response on climate change.

“I’m the only candidate who will make defeating climate change our nation’s number one priority,” Inslee says in his campaign launch video, arguing a future of 100% renewable energy with a thriving green economy is possible.

Inslee’s career in public service began in 1985. He spent years in the House of Representatives and is now in his second term as governor of Washington State.

As governor, he created a paid family leave program, protected net neutrality, expanded healthcare, and preserved rights for all voters, including women and those of the LGBTQ+ community. He also supports universal healthcare, and in January introduced a “public option” for Washington residents. When Trump enacted a travel ban targeting several majority-Muslim nations, Washington was the first state to sue.

While he supports the conversation around the Green New Deal, Inslee has his own answer to our damaged environment. His plan, titled America’s Climate Mission, has four parts: creating an economy fueled by 100% clean energy and net-zero greenhouse gas pollution; fighting for environmental justice and economic inclusion; investing in good jobs, infrastructure, and innovation; and ending fossil fuel subsidies.

Amy Klobuchar: The Candidate of Opportunity

As the snow pummeled down on Minneapolis last February, Klobuchar—a third-term Minnesota Senator and former lawyer—announced her candidacy for president. Her speech stressed her regional roots and called for unity within the nation, inviting listeners to see “obstacles as our path” to the future.

Like many Democrats, Klobuchar supports the Voting Rights Act, reforming the criminal justice and immigration systems, closing tax loopholes, and tightening gun control. She also stresses the need to guarantee net neutrality and protect privacy online, promising to take on big tech companies and ensure every household has internet by 2022.

The internet goal is part of her $1 trillion infrastructure plan, which also aims to repair roads, modernize public transit, rebuild schools, increase energy efficiencies, and ensure clean water. Part of her plan to pay for this includes raising the corporate tax rate to 25%.

While she doesn’t specifically support the Green New Deal, Klobuchar promised to rejoin the Paris agreement on day one of her presidency. She also pledged to focus her first 100 days on reinstating clean energy regulations and investing in green jobs and infrastructure. While she’s also hesitant to agree to Medicare-for-all, Klobuchar supports universal healthcare and has plans to take on big pharmaceutical companies.

The senator’s bold, hardworking character is a hint that she will always get the job done—but there’s been reports she doesn’t treat her staff very well in the process. The New York Times wrote that Klobuchar once used a comb to eat a salad mid-flight after berating her staff for dropping the fork, then ordered the staff member to clean it. Klobuchar has admitted to being a “tough boss,” but attributes this to the high expectations she sets for herself.

Wayne Messam: The Clean-Slate Candidate

Messam has a plan higher education graduates will likely adore: a one-time erasure of all federal and private student loans. With total student debt well above $1 trillion, Messam argues completely freeing graduates of this burden would boost annual GDP between $86 billion and $108 billion while creating more than 1 million new jobs each year. This ambitious plan would be paid for in part by the rescinding of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, says Messam.

As the mayor of Miramar, Fla., Messam is used to tackling big problems on a smaller scale: his city has passed a living wage, fought the oil industry, pledged support to the Paris agreement, protected immigrants, brought jobs back from China, and sued the state to overturn a law backed by the National Rifle Association.

Like some other politicians, his career began with business. Messam, the son of immigrants, founded an environmentally minded construction company with his wife, and then went on to become a city commissioner. Now he’s in his second term as the first black mayor of Miramar.

Aside from the student loan cancellation and a focus on gun control, Messam has not made many overt statements about his platform. He’s said he supports the “urgency and the end goal” of the Green New Deal, and plans to tackle the high costs of healthcare.

He has a point of trouble in his past, however, as the Broward Office of Inspector General investigated Messam during his 2015 mayoral race for questionable expenditures. The office closed the investigation after Messam refused to interview, but referred the matter to the Florida Elections Commission. The FEC has yet to make a public decision, according to the Center for Public Integrity.

蒂姆·瑞安：蓝领候选人

最近一位宣布竞选的民主党人是瑞安，2003年以来一直在俄亥俄州担任众议院。瑞安的竞选活动在4月4日启动，主要用出身于铁锈地带做文章。他在俄亥俄州长大，家里大多数成员都在工厂工作。

“很多人没有跟上经济发展，”瑞安在宣布竞选的视频中说。

虽然他代表的区域主要属于红方势力（即共和党），而且利用的情绪跟特朗普类似，但瑞安提供了渐进式的解决方案。瑞安对《华盛顿邮报》表示，希望提供“工资和福利基本持平的绿色能源工作”帮助煤炭工人，而不是一味振兴江河日下的工业。他支持绿色新政和全民医保方案相关的某些观点。

正如《纽约时报》所写，之前瑞安在枪支管制和堕胎问题上的立场更为保守，但后来转向与民主党同僚更紧密地结盟。

朱利安·卡斯特罗：移民候选人

卡斯特罗对全国政治舞台并不陌生，所以你可能以前听说过，但肯定了解不多。2009年至2014年担任圣安东尼奥市长后，他曾经在奥巴马政府中担任住房和城市发展部部长，主要关注无障碍住房、无家可归的退伍军人以及公共住房中的互联网需求。

卡斯特罗是移民第三代，由单身母亲抚养长大，他的主要政见是以人为本的移民政策。该计划呼吁将大多数民主党候选人支持的方案作出改变，包括为无正式身份个人和梦想者（主要指被非法带到美国的儿童）提供获得公民身份的途径，还要结束唐纳德·特朗普总统的旅行禁令，因为很多人指出该禁令反而加剧了种族偏见。

卡斯特罗还呼吁提高难民的入学率，应该作出调整以接纳逃离气候变化危机的人。他希望改革移民和海关执法，废除拘留手段（严重情况除外），促进中美洲的援助计划。

除了移民方面，卡斯特罗也支持绿色新政和全民医保方案。卡斯特罗在宣布参选总统的讲话中强调，必须解决警察对有色人种的残暴行为，改革刑事司法制度。他以圣安东尼奥市市长的身份实施了学前教育通用计划，并表示将努力在全国推行该计划。

基尔斯滕·吉利布兰德：#MeToo运动候选人

自从2006年入选众议院以来，吉利布兰德作为女性代表也时常见诸头条。不过有必要进一步了解她：

2009年，吉利布兰德从众议院进入参议院，此后不久便启动了招募和支持女性候选人担任更高职位的计划。

这位纽约参议员一直是#MeToo运动的坚定支持者。早在运动传播开之前，她就曾经公开反对前参议员艾尔·弗兰肯，坚持认为不管来自于哪方政党，都应该对性行为不端进行赔偿。不过，吉利布兰德手下的一名员工曾经因为涉嫌处理性骚扰投诉不当而辞职。吉利布兰德的办公室说，已对此事进行彻查，但此事导致吉利布兰德被批评伪善。

人们普遍认为，作为政治候选人，吉利布兰德不折不扣主张变革。她支持绿色新政和全民医保方案，并表示自2013年以来每次国会会议上都建议就全国推行带薪家庭假期立法。她的议程中不仅包括家庭假期立法，还包括廉价幼托、普及学龄前教育以及为中产阶级和低收入家庭减税等。

她的政见中包括很多民主党的普遍观点，包括支持投票权法案、为梦想者提供获得公民身份的途径、收紧枪支管制、支持工会以及解决体制种族主义和提升LGBTQ+权利。她还建议社区大学免收学费，并为年收入不足125000美元的家庭免除公立四年制大学学费和杂费等。（财富中文网）

译者：冯丰

审校：夏林

Tim Ryan: The Blue-Collar Candidate

The most recent Democrat to throw their hat into the ring is Ryan, an Ohio representative since 2003. Ryan’s campaign, launched April 4, focuses on his Rust Belt roots. He grew up in Ohio with the majority of his family working in factories.

“A lot of people have been left behind,” Ryan says in his launch video.

While he represents a predominately red area and is playing off similar sentiments as Trump, Ryan is offering progressive solutions. He wants to help coal workers not by revitalizing a dying industry, but by providing green energy jobs “that are equivalent in wages and benefits,” Ryan told The Washington Post. He supports some version of the Green New Deal and Medicare-for-all.

As the New York Times writes, Ryan’s stances on gun control and abortion used to be more conservative, but have since shifted to align more closely with his Democratic peers.

Julián Castro: The Immigration Candidate

Castro is no stranger to the national stage, so chances are, you’ve probably heard his name before, but don’t know much about him. After serving as mayor of San Antonio from 2009 to 2014, he became the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Obama, where he focused on accessible housing, veteran homelessness, and the need for internet in public housing.

The grandchild of an immigrant and raised by a single mother, Castro’s main platform is his People First immigration policy. The program calls for changes most of the Democratic candidates support, including a path to citizenship for undocumented individuals and DREAMers (those who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children) and an end to President Donald Trump’s travel bans that many say were fueled by racial bias.

Castro also calls for increased refugee admissions, with adaptations to allow for those fleeing crises caused by climate change. He wants to reform Immigration and Customs Enforcement, end their use of detention (except in serious cases), and promote aid programs in Central America.

Outside of immigration, Castro supports the Green New Deal and Medicare-for-all. In his speech announcing his candidacy for president, Castro stressed the need to address police brutality against people of color and to reform the country’s criminal justice system. He implemented a universal pre-K program as mayor of San Antonio, and says he would aim to make it nationwide.

Kirsten Gillibrand: The #MeToo Candidate

Since being elected to the House of Representatives in 2006, Gillibrand has also made headlines as a champion for women. But here’s what else you should know about her:

Gillibrand moved from the House to the Senate in 2009, and shortly thereafter launched Off The Sidelines, a program dedicated to recruiting and supporting women candidates for higher office.

The New York senator has been a steadfast supporter of the #MeToo movement. She spoke out against former Sen. Al Franken, even when it wasn’t popular to do so, maintaining that there must be reparations for sexual misconduct no matter the political party. Despite this, a member of Gillibrand’s staff once quit over alleged mishandling of sexual harassment complaints. Gillibrand’s office said they had conducted a thorough investigation of the matter, but the ordeal has led to Gillibrand being criticized as hypocritical.

As a political candidate, Gillibrand comes across as a no-nonsense advocate for change. She supports both a Green New Deal and Medicare-for-all, and says she has introduced national paid family leave legislation every Congress since 2013. This, affordable child care, universal pre-K, and tax relief for middle-class and low-income families are all on her agenda.

The rest of her platform includes many Democratic norms, including support for the Voting Rights Act, a pathway to citizenship for DREAMers, tighter gun control, support for unions, and plans to address institutional racism and aid LGBTQ+ rights. She also proposes making community college tuition-free and eliminating tuition and fees at public four-year colleges for families that make up to $125,000 per year.