通用汽车董事会的女性即将多于男性，这样的公司不止一家

在两位男董事下个月退休之后，通用汽车（GM）董事会里的女性人数将会多于男性。届时，包括董事长玛丽·巴拉在内，董事会共有6名女性和5名男性。

这是《财富》美国500强名列前茅的大公司的一个重要里程碑，不过这样的公司并不只有通用汽车一家。另外5家公司Bed, Bath & Beyond、凯西连锁杂货店（Casey’s General Stores）、维亚康姆（Viacom）、哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）和奥姆尼康集团（Omnicom Group）的董事会里女性都多于男性。还有5家公司Ascena Retail Group、百思买（Best Buy）、Navient、Williams-Sonoma和Ulta Beauty的董事会里男女各占一半。此外，女性在董事会占比超过40%的公司也有20多家。

一些公司——例如董事会有5名男性和6名女性的哥伦比亚广播公司，以及董事会有5名男性和4名女性的永利度假村（Wynn Resorts）——发动了#MeToo反性骚扰运动。CBS和永利度假村分别驱逐了莱斯·穆恩福斯和斯蒂芬·永利，为董事会的性别多样化做出了贡献。另一些公司——例如董事会均为6男5女的米歇尔·巴克的好时（Hershey Company）和吉尔·索尔托的彭尼百货（J. C. Penney）——也在积极推动董事会的性别多样化。凯洛格（Kellogg）、阿拉斯加航空（Alaska Air）、梅西百货（Macy’s）、特雷西亚·格里菲思的前进保险公司（Progressive）和TJX零售（TJX Companies）也在董事会的女性比例方面名列前茅。

在《财富》美国500强公司中，女性董事的人选出现了一定重叠。有7位女性是4家500强公司的董事会成员，有34位女性是3家500强公司的董事会成员。这一数据表明，董事会在性别多样性上的进步，有时只是表明同一小批女性争取到了更多的位置，而不是有更多女性得到了机会。

专家表示，由于女性董事会成员会在高管聘任的决策上施加影响，公司董事会在性别多样性上的进步也会帮助它们让更多女性担任首席执行官。今年由女性执掌的《财富》美国500强公司达到33家，创造了历史新高，略微打破了两年前32家的纪录。

不过根据董事会多样性联盟（Alliance for Board Diversity）和德勤（Deloitte）的数据， 2018年在《财富》美国500强公司的董事会中，女性仍然只占22.5%的席位，少数族裔女性仅占4.6%（而白人男性占比高达66%）。尽管有一小部分公司的女性在领导层的人数超越了男性，但仍然有30多家公司的董事会里只有一位女性甚至没有女性。（财富中文网）

本文另一版本登载于《财富》杂志2019年6月刊，标题为《通用汽车扭转比率》。

译者：严匡正

Women will make up more than half of GM’s board next month after two male directors retire, leaving six female directors, including chair Mary Barra, to five men.

That’s a big milestone for one of the Fortune 500‘s biggest companies, but GM isn’t alone. Five others—Bed, Bath & Beyond, Casey’s General Stores, Viacom, CBS, and Omnicom Group—have boards of directors with more women than men. Another five—Ascena Retail Group, Best Buy, Navient, Williams-Sonoma, and Ulta Beauty—are at the 50% threshold exactly. More than two-dozen are close to it, above the 40% mark.

Some of these companies—like CBS, with its five men and six women, and Wynn Resorts, with five men and four women—have #MeToo upheavals, following the ousters of Les Moonves at CBS and Steve Wynn at Wynn Resorts, to thank for their newly gender-diverse slates of directors. Others, like Michele Buck’s Hershey Company and Jill Soltau’s J. C. Penney, both with six men and five women, have been proactive in diversifying the gender makeup of their boards. Kellogg, Alaska Air, Macy’s, Tricia Griffith’s Progressive, and the TJX Companies are also near the top of the list.

Among the companies on the Fortune 500, there is some overlap between the women serving on these boards. Seven women serve on four Fortune 500 boards and 34 women serve on three—numbers that show how progress on board gender diversity can sometimes reflect the same small pool of women being tapped for more slots, rather than more women being given opportunities.

The progress companies are making in diversifying their boards by gender is also helping companies get more women into the CEO role, as female board members influence executive hiring decisions, experts say. This year’s Fortune 500 came with an all-time record for the number of women leading companies on the list—33, just barely beating the prior record of 32 from two years ago.

Yet in 2018, women still held only 22.5% of Fortune 500 board seats, according to the Alliance for Board Diversity and Deloitte; minority women held only 4.6% of Fortune 500 board seats. (Caucasian men held 66%.) Despite the small group of Fortune 500 companies where women outnumber men in directorships, more than three-dozen companies still have only one or zero women in their boardrooms.

A version of this article appears in the June 2019 issue of Fortune with the headline “General Motors Flips the Ratio.”