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“冷冻食品会传播新冠病毒”,是谣言吗?

“冷冻食品会传播新冠病毒”,是谣言吗?

巴益明(Eamon Barrett) 2020-08-17
上周,中国的相关部门又从巴西进口的鸡翅包装上发现了新冠病毒。

近几个月来,一连串的报告都显示,冷冻食品的运输与新冠病毒的传播存在种种联系,不免引发了人们的担忧。就在上周,中国的相关部门又从巴西进口的鸡翅包装上发现了新冠病毒。新西兰方也还在调查,该国三个月前报告的首例本土患者是否与冷冻食品的进口有关。

《财富》杂志就这一问题采访了香港大学公共卫生学院教授潘烈文(Leo Poon),他也对此给出了自己的答案:

《财富》:病毒通过食物传播的风险有多大?

潘烈文教授:这一风险尚不明确。到目前为止,还没有明确的书面证据表明,新冠病毒可以通过被感染的食物传播。我们知道确实有一些病例很可疑,例如6月在北京新发地菜市场爆发的疫情——但食物本身就是传染源吗?我们不得而知。他们确实在那里发现了病毒,但也有可能,他们发现的只是早已灭活的病毒,只是污染了食品,不一定能传染人。所以目前看来,也许确实有风险,但还没有证据。而且与其他传播途径相比,食物带来的风险要低得多。

有些食物会比其他食物的风险高吗?

冷冻食品的风险更高。而像谷物这类食物的风险就不是很高,因为它们是在室温下运输的。而在室温下,病毒只能在受污染的表面上存活几天,因此,当谷物运到市场时,这些病毒应该就已经灭活了。

消费者可以采取哪些措施降低食品带来的传播风险?

对一般公众来说,最好的办法是保持良好的手部卫生,例如从市场上购买鸡肉等生鲜食品后,勤洗手就有助于减少病毒传播的风险。在家里,如果想要减少可能残留在食物上的的病毒,可以用水冲洗生肉,然后在这些肉类食材处理好后,把手洗干净。保持手部的卫生是最重要的。

烹饪食物能杀死新冠病毒吗?

病毒对高温非常敏感。如果加热充分,即使食物中真的感染了病毒,在这种高温下,病毒也应该早就被灭活了。我们通过测试发现,在70摄氏度或158华氏度的高温环境中,新冠病毒只能存活5分钟,之后就会失去传染性。因此,煮熟的食物可以放心食用。

冷冻食品能杀死冠状病毒吗?

有证据表明,将新冠病毒置于冷冻环境中的话,它同样可以在冷冻样品中存活相当长的一段时间。

病毒喜欢低温。我们曾经进行过实验,在4摄氏度或39.2华氏度下,新冠病毒能存活至少两周。在低于冰点的条件下,它的存活时间甚至可以更长。简单来说,这种病毒喜冷怕热。

有没有证据表明,新冠病毒是通过摄入食物传播的?

到目前为止,还没有明确的证据显示,人类会由于食用受病毒污染的食物而感染。确实可能存在这种风险,但尚未有人对此作出过适当的评估。而且,这种风险即使真的存在,也远低于其他已知的传播方式——例如通过咳嗽人传人。(财富中文网)

编译:陈聪聪

近几个月来,一连串的报告都显示,冷冻食品的运输与新冠病毒的传播存在种种联系,不免引发了人们的担忧。就在上周,中国的相关部门又从巴西进口的鸡翅包装上发现了新冠病毒。新西兰方也还在调查,该国三个月前报告的首例本土患者是否与冷冻食品的进口有关。

《财富》杂志就这一问题采访了香港大学公共卫生学院教授潘烈文(Leo Poon),他也对此给出了自己的答案:

《财富》:病毒通过食物传播的风险有多大?

潘烈文教授:这一风险尚不明确。到目前为止,还没有明确的书面证据表明,新冠病毒可以通过被感染的食物传播。我们知道确实有一些病例很可疑,例如6月在北京新发地菜市场爆发的疫情——但食物本身就是传染源吗?我们不得而知。他们确实在那里发现了病毒,但也有可能,他们发现的只是早已灭活的病毒,只是污染了食品,不一定能传染人。所以目前看来,也许确实有风险,但还没有证据。而且与其他传播途径相比,食物带来的风险要低得多。

有些食物会比其他食物的风险高吗?

冷冻食品的风险更高。而像谷物这类食物的风险就不是很高,因为它们是在室温下运输的。而在室温下,病毒只能在受污染的表面上存活几天,因此,当谷物运到市场时,这些病毒应该就已经灭活了。

消费者可以采取哪些措施降低食品带来的传播风险?

对一般公众来说,最好的办法是保持良好的手部卫生,例如从市场上购买鸡肉等生鲜食品后,勤洗手就有助于减少病毒传播的风险。在家里,如果想要减少可能残留在食物上的的病毒,可以用水冲洗生肉,然后在这些肉类食材处理好后,把手洗干净。保持手部的卫生是最重要的。

烹饪食物能杀死新冠病毒吗?

病毒对高温非常敏感。如果加热充分,即使食物中真的感染了病毒,在这种高温下,病毒也应该早就被灭活了。我们通过测试发现,在70摄氏度或158华氏度的高温环境中,新冠病毒只能存活5分钟,之后就会失去传染性。因此,煮熟的食物可以放心食用。

冷冻食品能杀死冠状病毒吗?

有证据表明,将新冠病毒置于冷冻环境中的话,它同样可以在冷冻样品中存活相当长的一段时间。

病毒喜欢低温。我们曾经进行过实验,在4摄氏度或39.2华氏度下,新冠病毒能存活至少两周。在低于冰点的条件下,它的存活时间甚至可以更长。简单来说,这种病毒喜冷怕热。

有没有证据表明,新冠病毒是通过摄入食物传播的?

到目前为止,还没有明确的证据显示,人类会由于食用受病毒污染的食物而感染。确实可能存在这种风险,但尚未有人对此作出过适当的评估。而且,这种风险即使真的存在,也远低于其他已知的传播方式——例如通过咳嗽人传人。(财富中文网)

编译:陈聪聪

In recent months, a number of reports have associated frozen food shipments with the transmission of COVID-19. Just last week, authorities in China found COVID-19 on the packaging of chicken wings imported from Brazil. New Zealand is also investigating whether its first local coronavirus case in over three months was imported along with frozen food.

Hong Kong University's head of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, Professor Leo Poon, is an expert on novel coronaviruses and has served as a consultant for the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization. Fortune interviewed Poon about the risk of food transmitting COVID-19 to humans.

Fortune: How much of a transmission risk does food pose?

Professor Leo Poon: We don’t know whether there’s a risk or not. So far there’s no clear, documented evidence to show that COVID-19 can be transmitted by contaminated food. We know there are some suspicious cases, like the outbreak in a market in Beijing in June, but is the food itself a source for infection? We don’t know. They found evidence of the virus there, but it could have been traces of a dead virus that simply contaminated the food so, so far, there’s no evidence. There is a risk, but there’s no evidence, and compared to other means of transmission, the risk from food is much lower.

Are some foods riskier than others?

Frozen products are more a risk. Grains, for example, are not very risky because they are shipped at room temperature. At room temperature a virus can only survive on a contaminated surface for a few days so, by the time grains are shipped to the market, the virus should already be dead.

What steps can consumers take to lower the transmission risk posed by food?

For the general public, the best thing to do is try to maintain good hand hygiene. Washing hands might help to reduce the risk of transmission when buying, for example, chicken in the market. At home, consumers might like to wash raw meat with water to reduce the amount of virus [if any] on the food and then wash their hands once they’ve finished preparing the meat. Maintaining hand hygiene would be the upmost importance.

Does cooking food kill the coronavirus?

Viruses are very sensitive to heat. If you cook food properly then even if there’s a possibility of an infectious virus inside, it should be inactivated by the heat. In tests we’ve found that COVID-19 loses its infectious quality if submitted to a temperature of 70 C. or 158 F. for five minutes. So properly cooked food should be safe for eating.

Does freezing food kill the coronavirus?

If you freeze COVID-19, there’s some evidence to suggest it can survive in frozen samples for quite some period of time.

The virus likes the cold. We did an experiment in the past that showed the virus can survive at least two weeks at 4 C. or 39.2 F. At below freezing, it could survive even longer than that. The virus basically likes cold but not heat.

Is there any evidence the coronavirus is spread by ingesting food?

So far there’s no clear evidence to show humans can absorb the virus from consuming contaminated food. There is a risk but no one has assessed it properly yet. However, even so, the risk is much lower than other known transmission modes, such as human-to-human transmission through coughing.

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