尽管新冠疫情仍然在持续,余波未平,但2021年美国股市的表现仍旧非常出色。2020年3月,受新冠疫情影响,美国股市跌至低点;然而截至8月,标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)已经较3月翻了一番。随后的美国股市就接连不断地向上攀升。
不过,对股民来说,2022年的股市走势可能不会非常乐观。投资管理公司Nuveen的全球证券主管赛拉·马利克说:“2022年需要认真考虑三个关键问题,即经济增长、通货膨胀,以及美联储将采取何种措施。”
在这三个关键问题中,通货膨胀的影响对股价是最大的,但其它两个问题也可能给股市带来压力。自新冠疫情爆发以来,美联储实施的低利率政策一直是股民的福音,但此政策正在进一步收紧——美联储开始限制购买债券,并考虑最早于2022年加息。与此同时,金融数据服务公司慧甚(FactSet)的数据显示,随着隔离封锁告一段落,企业开始复苏。与饱受新冠疫情困扰的2020年相比,2021年收益增长显著,标准普尔500指数2021年第三季度的每股收益同比增长近40%。但马利克预计,到2022年,收益增长率至多保持在较高的个位数水平,这种放缓可能会让投资者感到不安。
詹森投资管理公司(Jensen Investment Management)的董事总经理兼投资组合经理埃里克·舍恩斯坦称:“并不是每一种商业模式都能够应对这样的挑战。”投资者必须注意,在调整2022年的投资组合时,需要更加谨慎,建仓时要看股票的上市公司是否可以弹性发展,是否具有灵活性。
有鉴于此,《财富》杂志咨询了投资组合经理:当狂野的牛市逐渐放缓,哪些公司能够让股票收益保持增长,令投资者感到满意。经理们都说,应该考虑股价上涨的公司,但并不是所有人都看好那些直接受益于通胀和高利率的公司。
相反,许多投资组合专家在选股时都考虑到了同一个关键因素:定价权。如果通货膨胀率持续高于新冠疫情爆发前的水平,那些拥有定价权的公司就可能会笑到最后。下面介绍的11只股票都具有某些优势。如果股市进一步降温,这些股票可以凭借自身优势,为投资者提供安全保障。
涨势强劲
高价成长型股票在很大程度上引领了近期股市的上涨。正如下文提到的,一些分析师认为,股价估值过高,最终将使大型科技股获利微薄。但投资组合经理则预言,这些科技公司将继续保持稳定增长。
对投资者来说,亚马逊(Amazon)有很多优点,包括以电子商务为核心业务,以及发达的网络服务部门。瑞士私营银行Vontobel旗下资产管理公司Quality Growth Boutique的首席投资官马特·本肯多夫表示,亚马逊“公司规模越大,实力越强”。尽管亚马逊最近称,劳动力短缺、薪资水平上涨和供应链瓶颈问题正在影响公司的业务,但本肯多夫指出,“目前竞争的双方是亚马逊这家超级大公司以及它的多个商业对手,在通胀走高的背景下,如果亚马逊由于规模过大而给其他对手造成损失,那么这对其自身是有利的。”他补充说,即使消费者改变消费习惯,转而购买不那么贵的商品,亚马逊“凑巧什么都卖,出货量仍然巨大”。本肯多夫还指出,亚马逊一直致力于提高配送和物流能力,为此进行了长期的投资。与此同时,其电商业务在新冠疫情期间蓬勃发展。“亚马逊的巨额投资已经要看到回报了。”他说。华尔街预计,亚马逊2022年的营收将增长近18%,不过该公司目前股票的远期市盈率为92倍,并不低。
一些科技公司在新冠疫情期间的订单数量大幅飙升,但在2022年可能会面临急降。詹森投资管理公司的舍恩斯坦认为,微软公司(Microsoft)的业绩稳步增长,应该不会发生以上问题。他指出,微软的云业务称得上是一个独特的亮点,此业务最近一个季度的营收增长了31%。如果客户停止使用微软的云业务和Windows平台,就将付出高昂的代价。这一点应该会赋予微软宝贵的定价主动权。舍恩斯坦着重强调,微软能够把自由现金流用于投资,推动企业未来的增长。尽管微软是市值2万亿美元俱乐部的一员,但其股价并没有达到令人瞠目结舌的水平,远期市盈率约为36倍。分析师认为,微软在当前财年(截至2022年6月)的营收将增长16%以上。
经济刺激计划结束,商品价格上涨,可能会让一部分消费者的消费习惯发生改变,但不太可能会给PayPal造成损失。PayPal的大部分收入都是服务费,按交易额收取一定比例。本肯多夫说:“商品价格上涨对他们来说并不是坏事。”鉴于年轻消费者群体对实体银行的依赖程度正在减弱,本肯多夫对PayPal进军金融服务表示欣赏,称其“为年轻消费者提供了一系列新服务”。然而,近期PayPal公布的营收预测不尽如人意,导致该公司股价下跌。过去52周该公司股价都保持在高点,近期下跌了约35%。但本肯多夫认为,PayPal在发展超级APP业务方面雄心勃勃,同时也建立了诸多商业合作关系(例如其最近宣布,旗下支付软件Venmo与亚马逊达成合作),因此该公司仍然能够保持稳健的发展态势。
鉴于现今许多企业正在向云上运营转型,如果想从这种趋势中分一杯羹,Nuveen的马利克建议投资者考虑赛富时(Salesforce)的股票。赛富时是一家营销和客户服务等行政办公软件的提供商。马利克指出,新冠疫情让企业更加依赖行政办公软件,而赛富时是这一领域的佼佼者。她补充说,该公司在与客户签订合同时“具有年度定价权,比较有利于短期盈利”。赛富时的股票的远期市盈率约为77倍,但预计该公司2022年营收增幅将超过20%。
分红型股票
如果熊市真的来临,专家建议入手一些分红股,以优化投资组合,提高安全性。舍恩斯坦指出:“分红型股票貌似平平无奇,但如果股市一直没有什么上涨的趋势,人们就会发现分红型股票持有者的盈利能够达到3%-4%,而其他股民根本赚不到那么多。”
舍恩斯坦比较看好食品和饮料巨头百事公司(PepsiCo)的股票,因为其股息率达到2.6%,广大产品都深受消费者欢迎,除了各种碳酸饮料,还有多力多滋(Doritos)薯片、纯水乐(Aquafina)瓶装水等。最近,鉴于第三季度利润的增长,百事可乐上调了2021全年的收入预测。舍恩斯坦认为,通过投资开发新产品,积极从事营销活动,百事已经“打造出了一个绝佳的品牌”。他还说,即使整个行业和公司内部都遭遇了供应链瓶颈问题,“鉴于百事的市场份额……其可以小幅提高价格,或者改变包装设计和尺寸。说实话,消费者还是会愿意购买。”百事目前的股价正处于消费必需品类股票的平均水平,未来12个月的市盈率为25倍,处在比较合理的水平。
舍恩斯坦也看好制药巨头强生公司(Johnson & Johnson)的股票,股息率达到2.6%,比较可观。他认为,该股仍然具有长期发展的动力。他指出:“医疗保健是消费者必需的服务,人们都愿意为健康进行投资。”舍恩斯坦说,人口老龄化加剧,医疗保健服务的需求随之增加。未来,强生集团即将迎来重大变革。2021年11月,强生宣布将把消费者业务从制药及医疗器械业务中分离出去。前者包含止痛药泰诺(Tylenol)等品牌的业务;后者则为强生研发的新冠疫苗和治疗免疫疾病的药物等相关业务。
据几位基金经理分析,强生进行业务拆分是正确的。詹森投资管理公司的投资组合经理艾伦·邦德认为,将消费者业务分离出去后,强生“将能够更直接地将精力和资金集中在利润率更高、增长更快的制药研究和医疗器械领域。”(强生的现股东可能会同时持有分离后两家公司的股份。)强生股票的市盈率约为16倍,居于较低水平(标准普尔500指数的远期市盈率为23倍)。最近,强生也上调了全年盈利预测。
媒体和电信巨头康卡斯特(Comcast)的股票,也为本肯多夫所推荐。其股息率为1.9%。人们已经居家办公一年多,每天在家里的餐厅工作和学习,渐渐“意识到家庭高速宽带的重要性”。他补充道,即使通胀环境继续恶化,“宽带供应商仍然保有定价权。”康卡斯特的远期市盈率约为15倍,本肯多夫认为,该股“价格相当合理,有望实现良好增长,且利润率相当不错”。他还提到,随着经济持续复苏,康卡斯特旗下的环球(Universal)主题公园也获得了周期性的提振。然而,薪资水平的上涨也提高了公园的运营成本。
全球性思维
通货膨胀是一个全球性问题,供应链问题也给世界各国造成了困扰。但马利克认为,“随着美国经济增长放缓,国际市场的吸引力可能会进一步增大。”无论短期经济背景如何,除美国以外,其他国家的很多旗舰企业都准备抓住当下的趋势,开拓国际市场。
加拿大电子商务软件开发商Shopify正在全球电子商务领域大展拳脚,其股票也给投资者带来了巨大利润。自2020年3月中以来,其股价上涨幅度超过420%。尽管Shopify股价急涨至高点,但柏基投资(Baillie Gifford)旗下美国股票增长基金(U.S. Equity Growth Fund)的投资组合经理加里·罗宾逊仍然看好Shopify的长期发展前景。他说:“新冠疫情使该公司的业务规模出现了历史性的根本变化。”尽管Shopify的近期收益没有达到华尔街的预期,但分析师们认为,2022年其销售额仍然能够继续增长近34%。
罗宾逊表示,“Shopify被电商平台看作首选合作伙伴的时候,其他同类企业刚刚开始计划发展电子商务。”他提到,Shopify与沃尔玛(Walmart)、Instagram和Facebook(现已改名为Meta——编注)的在线商店以及TikTok等重量级公司均建立了合作伙伴关系。和PayPal一样,Shopify的部分收入来自服务费,按销售额百分比收取。罗宾逊认为,如果通胀持续上升,“Shopify的收入将随着价格的上涨而水涨船高。”如果想购买Shopify的股票来获取利润,抵御通胀影响,就需要一笔不菲的支出,毕竟该股的远期市盈率超过260倍。
目前,全球需求强劲增长,而台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司(简称为台积电——编注),全球最大的代工芯片制造商,正处于风暴中心。马利克指出,半导体“已经基本上无处不在——可以用于从工厂、汽车、5G到人工智能的所有领域”。舍恩斯坦表示,台积电一直处于“产能建设的前沿”,因此它能够在解决全球芯片短缺问题上发挥主导作用。得益于旺盛的需求和高产能,该公司已经成为抵御通货膨胀的绝佳后盾。关于是否会提高对客户的报价水平,台积电一直守口如瓶。但马利克指出,“他们有权决定价格。”
在日用消费品领域,面对不断恶化的通胀,并不是每家公司都能够安然无恙。本肯多夫指出,如果不仅可以将价格上涨转嫁给消费者,而且“从营收上看表现尚佳”,就有助于成功抵御通胀的不良影响。瑞士的雀巢公司(Nestlé)就做到了这两点。该公司旗下品牌包括脆谷乐(Cheerios)、迪吉奥诺(DiGiorno)比萨和雀巢咖啡。本肯多夫也肯定了雀巢公司在研发和创新方面的能力。该公司股票的远期市盈率为26倍(目前日用消费品板块股票平均为21倍)。
对中国的互联网和游戏巨头腾讯来说,通货膨胀远远算不上最大的挑战。相继出台的各种监管条例令中国科技股普遍受挫,也对腾讯造成了冲击——尤其是最近出台的一项条例,不但禁止未成年人在工作日玩电子游戏,而且对周末玩游戏的时长也进行了规定。腾讯营收的主要来源就是游戏,2021年其股价下跌13%。但马利克指出,腾讯2021年的中期报告显示,中国16岁以下玩家充值产生的收益,在腾讯国内游戏总收入中所占比例尚不足3%。马利克预计,腾讯在中国境内的游戏收入在未来几个季度将保持平稳,同时“对腾讯海外游戏市场的增长持乐观态度”。
与此同时,腾讯的其他业务也实现了健康有序的增长,包括在线支付和云服务,其中许多业务都搭载微信运行。微信是腾讯开发的即时通信工具,在中国得到了广泛的使用。虽然受到通胀和监管条令的影响,2021年腾讯在线广告业务增长放缓,但其仍然是腾讯的一项主要业务支柱。鉴于以上原因,马立克认为,腾讯是中国最值得投资的主要科技公司之一,其股票远期市盈率为27倍,已经算是很低了。
推荐股票
亚马逊(股票代码:AMZN,股价:3696美元)
微软(股票代码:MSFT,股价:341美元)
PayPal(股票代码:PYPL,股价:201美元)
赛富时(股票代码:CRM,股价:303美元)
百事(股票代码:PEP,股价:163美元)
强生(股票代码:JNJ,股价:162美元)
康卡斯特(股票代码:CMCSA,股价:53美元)
Shopify(股票代码:SHOP,股价:1681美元)
台积电(股票代码:TSM,股价:123美元)
雀巢(股票代码:场外交易市场:NSRGY,股价:133美元)
腾讯(股票代码:场外交易市场:TCEHY,股价:62美元)
股价截至2021年11月18日
《财富》杂志2021年荐股业绩
“《财富》杂志2021年推荐的21只股票”的收益率中值为15%。大多数时候,年收益率能够达到这个数字,投资者早就喜笑颜开了。但标准普尔500指数去年同期的回报率为31%,所以我们需要做一些解释,可以算是一发马后炮吧。”——马特·海默
经济复苏的实际情况
我们去年断言,新冠疫苗的问世将拉动旅游、娱乐和零售等行业的发展。虽然股市出现了回升,但并不意味着股票收益率就会上涨。同时,德尔塔毒株也对许多公司的复工产生了阻碍。因此,尽管文娱活动巨头Live Nation Entertainment的股票以69%的涨幅跻身走势最佳的股票之一,但美国西南航空(Southwest)和捷蓝航空(JetBlue)的涨幅分别只有4%和0.5%,给我们的预测拖了后腿。
技术是成功的象征
我们认为,大型科技股不会重现2020年的强劲涨势,但微软和Alphabet的股票收益率分别达到了58%和67%。这是我们的疏忽,也是去年犯的最致命的错误。但至少有个好消息:如果股民持有一只标准普尔500指数基金,无论如何都会受益,因为这两只股票在该指数总市值的占比高达10%以上。
银行为王
我们去年预测,以消费者为中心的银行将在经济复苏中获利颇丰。我们推荐的两只银行股票——富国银行(Wells Fargo)和美国银行(Bank of America)分别上涨103%和72%。2021年,这两家银行的利率收益剧增,大量发行住房抵押贷款是这种现象的原因之一。(财富中文网)
本文另一版本登载于《财富》杂志2021年12月/2022年1月刊,标题是《平稳上行的股票》(Stocks for smoother sailing.)。
译者:Transn
尽管新冠疫情仍然在持续,余波未平,但2021年美国股市的表现仍旧非常出色。2020年3月,受新冠疫情影响,美国股市跌至低点;然而截至8月,标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)已经较3月翻了一番。随后的美国股市就接连不断地向上攀升。
不过,对股民来说,2022年的股市走势可能不会非常乐观。投资管理公司Nuveen的全球证券主管赛拉·马利克说:“2022年需要认真考虑三个关键问题,即经济增长、通货膨胀,以及美联储将采取何种措施。”
在这三个关键问题中,通货膨胀的影响对股价是最大的,但其它两个问题也可能给股市带来压力。自新冠疫情爆发以来,美联储实施的低利率政策一直是股民的福音,但此政策正在进一步收紧——美联储开始限制购买债券,并考虑最早于2022年加息。与此同时,金融数据服务公司慧甚(FactSet)的数据显示,随着隔离封锁告一段落,企业开始复苏。与饱受新冠疫情困扰的2020年相比,2021年收益增长显著,标准普尔500指数2021年第三季度的每股收益同比增长近40%。但马利克预计,到2022年,收益增长率至多保持在较高的个位数水平,这种放缓可能会让投资者感到不安。
詹森投资管理公司(Jensen Investment Management)的董事总经理兼投资组合经理埃里克·舍恩斯坦称:“并不是每一种商业模式都能够应对这样的挑战。”投资者必须注意,在调整2022年的投资组合时,需要更加谨慎,建仓时要看股票的上市公司是否可以弹性发展,是否具有灵活性。
有鉴于此,《财富》杂志咨询了投资组合经理:当狂野的牛市逐渐放缓,哪些公司能够让股票收益保持增长,令投资者感到满意。经理们都说,应该考虑股价上涨的公司,但并不是所有人都看好那些直接受益于通胀和高利率的公司。
相反,许多投资组合专家在选股时都考虑到了同一个关键因素:定价权。如果通货膨胀率持续高于新冠疫情爆发前的水平,那些拥有定价权的公司就可能会笑到最后。下面介绍的11只股票都具有某些优势。如果股市进一步降温,这些股票可以凭借自身优势,为投资者提供安全保障。
涨势强劲
高价成长型股票在很大程度上引领了近期股市的上涨。正如下文提到的,一些分析师认为,股价估值过高,最终将使大型科技股获利微薄。但投资组合经理则预言,这些科技公司将继续保持稳定增长。
对投资者来说,亚马逊(Amazon)有很多优点,包括以电子商务为核心业务,以及发达的网络服务部门。瑞士私营银行Vontobel旗下资产管理公司Quality Growth Boutique的首席投资官马特·本肯多夫表示,亚马逊“公司规模越大,实力越强”。尽管亚马逊最近称,劳动力短缺、薪资水平上涨和供应链瓶颈问题正在影响公司的业务,但本肯多夫指出,“目前竞争的双方是亚马逊这家超级大公司以及它的多个商业对手,在通胀走高的背景下,如果亚马逊由于规模过大而给其他对手造成损失,那么这对其自身是有利的。”他补充说,即使消费者改变消费习惯,转而购买不那么贵的商品,亚马逊“凑巧什么都卖,出货量仍然巨大”。本肯多夫还指出,亚马逊一直致力于提高配送和物流能力,为此进行了长期的投资。与此同时,其电商业务在新冠疫情期间蓬勃发展。“亚马逊的巨额投资已经要看到回报了。”他说。华尔街预计,亚马逊2022年的营收将增长近18%,不过该公司目前股票的远期市盈率为92倍,并不低。
一些科技公司在新冠疫情期间的订单数量大幅飙升,但在2022年可能会面临急降。詹森投资管理公司的舍恩斯坦认为,微软公司(Microsoft)的业绩稳步增长,应该不会发生以上问题。他指出,微软的云业务称得上是一个独特的亮点,此业务最近一个季度的营收增长了31%。如果客户停止使用微软的云业务和Windows平台,就将付出高昂的代价。这一点应该会赋予微软宝贵的定价主动权。舍恩斯坦着重强调,微软能够把自由现金流用于投资,推动企业未来的增长。尽管微软是市值2万亿美元俱乐部的一员,但其股价并没有达到令人瞠目结舌的水平,远期市盈率约为36倍。分析师认为,微软在当前财年(截至2022年6月)的营收将增长16%以上。
经济刺激计划结束,商品价格上涨,可能会让一部分消费者的消费习惯发生改变,但不太可能会给PayPal造成损失。PayPal的大部分收入都是服务费,按交易额收取一定比例。本肯多夫说:“商品价格上涨对他们来说并不是坏事。”鉴于年轻消费者群体对实体银行的依赖程度正在减弱,本肯多夫对PayPal进军金融服务表示欣赏,称其“为年轻消费者提供了一系列新服务”。然而,近期PayPal公布的营收预测不尽如人意,导致该公司股价下跌。过去52周该公司股价都保持在高点,近期下跌了约35%。但本肯多夫认为,PayPal在发展超级APP业务方面雄心勃勃,同时也建立了诸多商业合作关系(例如其最近宣布,旗下支付软件Venmo与亚马逊达成合作),因此该公司仍然能够保持稳健的发展态势。
鉴于现今许多企业正在向云上运营转型,如果想从这种趋势中分一杯羹,Nuveen的马利克建议投资者考虑赛富时(Salesforce)的股票。赛富时是一家营销和客户服务等行政办公软件的提供商。马利克指出,新冠疫情让企业更加依赖行政办公软件,而赛富时是这一领域的佼佼者。她补充说,该公司在与客户签订合同时“具有年度定价权,比较有利于短期盈利”。赛富时的股票的远期市盈率约为77倍,但预计该公司2022年营收增幅将超过20%。
分红型股票
如果熊市真的来临,专家建议入手一些分红股,以优化投资组合,提高安全性。舍恩斯坦指出:“分红型股票貌似平平无奇,但如果股市一直没有什么上涨的趋势,人们就会发现分红型股票持有者的盈利能够达到3%-4%,而其他股民根本赚不到那么多。”
舍恩斯坦比较看好食品和饮料巨头百事公司(PepsiCo)的股票,因为其股息率达到2.6%,广大产品都深受消费者欢迎,除了各种碳酸饮料,还有多力多滋(Doritos)薯片、纯水乐(Aquafina)瓶装水等。最近,鉴于第三季度利润的增长,百事可乐上调了2021全年的收入预测。舍恩斯坦认为,通过投资开发新产品,积极从事营销活动,百事已经“打造出了一个绝佳的品牌”。他还说,即使整个行业和公司内部都遭遇了供应链瓶颈问题,“鉴于百事的市场份额……其可以小幅提高价格,或者改变包装设计和尺寸。说实话,消费者还是会愿意购买。”百事目前的股价正处于消费必需品类股票的平均水平,未来12个月的市盈率为25倍,处在比较合理的水平。
舍恩斯坦也看好制药巨头强生公司(Johnson & Johnson)的股票,股息率达到2.6%,比较可观。他认为,该股仍然具有长期发展的动力。他指出:“医疗保健是消费者必需的服务,人们都愿意为健康进行投资。”舍恩斯坦说,人口老龄化加剧,医疗保健服务的需求随之增加。未来,强生集团即将迎来重大变革。2021年11月,强生宣布将把消费者业务从制药及医疗器械业务中分离出去。前者包含止痛药泰诺(Tylenol)等品牌的业务;后者则为强生研发的新冠疫苗和治疗免疫疾病的药物等相关业务。
据几位基金经理分析,强生进行业务拆分是正确的。詹森投资管理公司的投资组合经理艾伦·邦德认为,将消费者业务分离出去后,强生“将能够更直接地将精力和资金集中在利润率更高、增长更快的制药研究和医疗器械领域。”(强生的现股东可能会同时持有分离后两家公司的股份。)强生股票的市盈率约为16倍,居于较低水平(标准普尔500指数的远期市盈率为23倍)。最近,强生也上调了全年盈利预测。
媒体和电信巨头康卡斯特(Comcast)的股票,也为本肯多夫所推荐。其股息率为1.9%。人们已经居家办公一年多,每天在家里的餐厅工作和学习,渐渐“意识到家庭高速宽带的重要性”。他补充道,即使通胀环境继续恶化,“宽带供应商仍然保有定价权。”康卡斯特的远期市盈率约为15倍,本肯多夫认为,该股“价格相当合理,有望实现良好增长,且利润率相当不错”。他还提到,随着经济持续复苏,康卡斯特旗下的环球(Universal)主题公园也获得了周期性的提振。然而,薪资水平的上涨也提高了公园的运营成本。
全球性思维
通货膨胀是一个全球性问题,供应链问题也给世界各国造成了困扰。但马利克认为,“随着美国经济增长放缓,国际市场的吸引力可能会进一步增大。”无论短期经济背景如何,除美国以外,其他国家的很多旗舰企业都准备抓住当下的趋势,开拓国际市场。
加拿大电子商务软件开发商Shopify正在全球电子商务领域大展拳脚,其股票也给投资者带来了巨大利润。自2020年3月中以来,其股价上涨幅度超过420%。尽管Shopify股价急涨至高点,但柏基投资(Baillie Gifford)旗下美国股票增长基金(U.S. Equity Growth Fund)的投资组合经理加里·罗宾逊仍然看好Shopify的长期发展前景。他说:“新冠疫情使该公司的业务规模出现了历史性的根本变化。”尽管Shopify的近期收益没有达到华尔街的预期,但分析师们认为,2022年其销售额仍然能够继续增长近34%。
罗宾逊表示,“Shopify被电商平台看作首选合作伙伴的时候,其他同类企业刚刚开始计划发展电子商务。”他提到,Shopify与沃尔玛(Walmart)、Instagram和Facebook(现已改名为Meta——编注)的在线商店以及TikTok等重量级公司均建立了合作伙伴关系。和PayPal一样,Shopify的部分收入来自服务费,按销售额百分比收取。罗宾逊认为,如果通胀持续上升,“Shopify的收入将随着价格的上涨而水涨船高。”如果想购买Shopify的股票来获取利润,抵御通胀影响,就需要一笔不菲的支出,毕竟该股的远期市盈率超过260倍。
目前,全球需求强劲增长,而台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司(简称为台积电——编注),全球最大的代工芯片制造商,正处于风暴中心。马利克指出,半导体“已经基本上无处不在——可以用于从工厂、汽车、5G到人工智能的所有领域”。舍恩斯坦表示,台积电一直处于“产能建设的前沿”,因此它能够在解决全球芯片短缺问题上发挥主导作用。得益于旺盛的需求和高产能,该公司已经成为抵御通货膨胀的绝佳后盾。关于是否会提高对客户的报价水平,台积电一直守口如瓶。但马利克指出,“他们有权决定价格。”
在日用消费品领域,面对不断恶化的通胀,并不是每家公司都能够安然无恙。本肯多夫指出,如果不仅可以将价格上涨转嫁给消费者,而且“从营收上看表现尚佳”,就有助于成功抵御通胀的不良影响。瑞士的雀巢公司(Nestlé)就做到了这两点。该公司旗下品牌包括脆谷乐(Cheerios)、迪吉奥诺(DiGiorno)比萨和雀巢咖啡。本肯多夫也肯定了雀巢公司在研发和创新方面的能力。该公司股票的远期市盈率为26倍(目前日用消费品板块股票平均为21倍)。
对中国的互联网和游戏巨头腾讯来说,通货膨胀远远算不上最大的挑战。相继出台的各种监管条例令中国科技股普遍受挫,也对腾讯造成了冲击——尤其是最近出台的一项条例,不但禁止未成年人在工作日玩电子游戏,而且对周末玩游戏的时长也进行了规定。腾讯营收的主要来源就是游戏,2021年其股价下跌13%。但马利克指出,腾讯2021年的中期报告显示,中国16岁以下玩家充值产生的收益,在腾讯国内游戏总收入中所占比例尚不足3%。马利克预计,腾讯在中国境内的游戏收入在未来几个季度将保持平稳,同时“对腾讯海外游戏市场的增长持乐观态度”。
与此同时,腾讯的其他业务也实现了健康有序的增长,包括在线支付和云服务,其中许多业务都搭载微信运行。微信是腾讯开发的即时通信工具,在中国得到了广泛的使用。虽然受到通胀和监管条令的影响,2021年腾讯在线广告业务增长放缓,但其仍然是腾讯的一项主要业务支柱。鉴于以上原因,马立克认为,腾讯是中国最值得投资的主要科技公司之一,其股票远期市盈率为27倍,已经算是很低了。
推荐股票
亚马逊(股票代码:AMZN,股价:3696美元)
微软(股票代码:MSFT,股价:341美元)
PayPal(股票代码:PYPL,股价:201美元)
赛富时(股票代码:CRM,股价:303美元)
百事(股票代码:PEP,股价:163美元)
强生(股票代码:JNJ,股价:162美元)
康卡斯特(股票代码:CMCSA,股价:53美元)
Shopify(股票代码:SHOP,股价:1681美元)
台积电(股票代码:TSM,股价:123美元)
雀巢(股票代码:场外交易市场:NSRGY,股价:133美元)
腾讯(股票代码:场外交易市场:TCEHY,股价:62美元)
股价截至2021年11月18日
《财富》杂志2021年荐股业绩
“《财富》杂志2021年推荐的21只股票”的收益率中值为15%。大多数时候,年收益率能够达到这个数字,投资者早就喜笑颜开了。但标准普尔500指数去年同期的回报率为31%,所以我们需要做一些解释,可以算是一发马后炮吧。”——马特·海默
经济复苏的实际情况
我们去年断言,新冠疫苗的问世将拉动旅游、娱乐和零售等行业的发展。虽然股市出现了回升,但并不意味着股票收益率就会上涨。同时,德尔塔毒株也对许多公司的复工产生了阻碍。因此,尽管文娱活动巨头Live Nation Entertainment的股票以69%的涨幅跻身走势最佳的股票之一,但美国西南航空(Southwest)和捷蓝航空(JetBlue)的涨幅分别只有4%和0.5%,给我们的预测拖了后腿。
技术是成功的象征
我们认为,大型科技股不会重现2020年的强劲涨势,但微软和Alphabet的股票收益率分别达到了58%和67%。这是我们的疏忽,也是去年犯的最致命的错误。但至少有个好消息:如果股民持有一只标准普尔500指数基金,无论如何都会受益,因为这两只股票在该指数总市值的占比高达10%以上。
银行为王
我们去年预测,以消费者为中心的银行将在经济复苏中获利颇丰。我们推荐的两只银行股票——富国银行(Wells Fargo)和美国银行(Bank of America)分别上涨103%和72%。2021年,这两家银行的利率收益剧增,大量发行住房抵押贷款是这种现象的原因之一。(财富中文网)
本文另一版本登载于《财富》杂志2021年12月/2022年1月刊,标题是《平稳上行的股票》(Stocks for smoother sailing.)。
译者:Transn
For all the ongoing tumult of the pandemic and its aftermath, the stock market once again had a banner year in 2021. By August, the S&P 500 had doubled from its pandemic low in March 2020; since then, it has continued a protracted climb to record high after record high.
The year ahead, however, is likely to be less sunny for stock investors. “There are really three key issues to think about for 2022,” says Saira Malik, head of global equities at Nuveen, “and those are growth, inflation, and ‘What’s the Fed going to do?’ ”
Inflation is arguably the biggest threat to share prices of the three—but the others could also weigh on the market. The Federal Reserve’s low-rate policies, which have been a boon to stock investors since COVID struck, are turning more contractionary—with the Fed beginning to taper bond purchases and eyeing rate hikes as soon as 2022. Earnings growth, meanwhile, has been remarkably high in 2021—factoring in a comparison to a pandemic-racked 2020—with S&P 500 earnings per share up nearly 40% year over year in the third quarter, according to FactSet, as companies rebound from lockdowns. But Malik sees earnings growth decelerating to, at best, high-single-digit rates in 2022, the kind of slowdown that can make investors skittish.
“Not every business model is built to handle those kinds of challenges,” says Eric Schoenstein, a managing director and portfolio manager at Jensen Investment Management. The bottom line: Investors will need to be more picky when positioning their portfolios for 2022, looking for companies that have more resiliency.
With that in mind, Fortune asked portfolio managers which companies could keep growing their earnings and satisfying their shareholders even if the wild bull market grows tamer. They all had price increases on their minds, but they weren’t all buying companies that directly benefit from inflation and rising rates.
Instead, many of our experts’ picks had one key ingredient in common: pricing power. Those companies who have it will be likely winners if inflation remains higher than it was in the pre-pandemic era. And all 11 stocks to follow have the kinds of advantages that could provide investors with a security blanket if markets grow chillier.
Growing strong
High-priced growth stocks have largely led the recent charge in stocks. As we discuss elsewhere in this package, some analysts think pricey valuations today will eventually mean meager returns for Big Tech stocks. But portfolio managers expect these tech names to keep delivering steady growth.
The virtues of Amazon for investors are many, from its core e-commerce business to its powerhouse web services unit. It’s “a business that continues to get better as it gets bigger,” says Matt Benkendorf, chief investment officer of asset manager Vontobel’s Quality Growth Boutique. Though Amazon recently warned of labor, wage, and supply-chain issues impacting its business, he notes that it’s “a giant of scale versus competitors, and in a higher inflationary environment that scale will be a benefit to them if it’s causing others to hurt.” Even if consumers shift their purchasing behavior in search of less expensive goods, Amazon “fortunately sells a whole lot of everything,” he adds. Benkendorf also points to how Amazon has been investing in distribution and logistics capabilities, all while its e-commerce business has been booming during the pandemic. “You’re going to start to see them bear the fruits of that massive investment.” The Street expects Amazon to grow revenues by nearly 18% in 2022, though the stock, at a price-to-forward-earnings ratio of 92, is not cheap.
Some tech companies that saw a big spike in demand during the pandemic could face a steep drop in 2022. Jensen’s Schoenstein thinks that’s unlikely for steady-growing Microsoft. Microsoft’s cloud business is a particular bright spot, he notes, booking a 31% increase in revenues in the most recent quarter, while the high costs of switching away from the company’s cloud and Windows platforms should give Microsoft prized pricing power. Schoenstein highlights Microsoft’s free cash flow, which should fund investments that fuel future growth. Despite Microsoft’s membership in the $2 trillion market-cap club, the stock doesn’t trade at nosebleed levels, at roughly 36 times forward earnings, and analysts believe Microsoft can grow revenues by over 16% in its current fiscal year (ending in June 2022).
The end of stimulus checks and the higher cost of goods may prompt some consumers to alter their spending habits, but that’s unlikely to hurt PayPal. Since PayPal earns most of its revenue by collecting a percentage of the value of each transaction, says Benkendorf, “pricing levels going up shouldn’t be bad for them.” He likes PayPal’s migration into financial services, “providing a bunch of other services for these new generations of consumers” who are weaning themselves from brick-and-mortar banks. A recent disappointing revenue forecast sent the stock down; it now trades around 35% off its 52-week high. But Benkendorf believes PayPal’s superapp ambitions and partnerships (like a recently announced Venmo-Amazon tie-up) help to keep it well positioned.
For investors angling to get in on the trend of companies transitioning onto the cloud, Nuveen’s Malik favors Salesforce, the software provider that helps businesses with front-office functions including marketing and customer service. The pandemic, Malik notes, has only accelerated businesses’ reliance on front-office software, and Salesforce is a top player in that space. The firm’s customer contracts have “annual pricing power baked in, which helps in the short term,” she adds. Salesforce stock trades at roughly 77 times forward earnings, but the company is expected to grow revenues by over 20% in 2022.
Paying dividends
If leaner times do come for the stock market, experts recommend having a few dividend-paying stocks in your back pocket to bolster your portfolio and provide some security. “Dividends don’t seem very sexy,” notes Schoenstein. “And yet if the market’s not going up … guess what? You’re making a 3% or 4% return while everybody else is maybe not making much at all.”
Schoenstein likes food and beverage giant PepsiCo for its 2.6% dividend yield and its breadth of popular products, including snacks like Doritos, Aquafina bottled water, and, of course, sodas. Pepsi recently raised its revenue forecast for the full year of 2021 on the back of higher third-quarter earnings, and Schoenstein believes it has “built an incredible brand” by investing in new products and advertising. Even amid industry- and companywide supply-chain issues, Schoenstein suggests that “because of their market share … they can push through subtle price increases, or they can alter package design or sizes, and frankly, consumers are willing to continue to pay.” Pepsi trades right around the consumer staples sector average, with a reasonable P/E ratio of 25 times the next 12 months’ earnings.
Schoenstein also favors pharma giant Johnson & Johnson. He likes J&J’s sizable 2.6% dividend yield and argues that the stock’s longtime catalysts remain in place. “Health care is a consumer need and something we all are willing to pay for to live healthier lives,” he notes, pointing to the driving factor of an aging population in need of ever more health care. Big changes are coming to the conglomerate: In November, J&J announced that it will be separating its consumer businesses from its pharmaceutical and medical-device businesses. The first category includes brands like pain medication Tylenol, while the second includes J&J’s COVID-19 vaccine and drugs focused on autoimmune diseases.
The split is a positive move, according to some money managers. By hiving off the consumer business, J&J “will be able to more directly focus its efforts and investments on higher margin, faster growth opportunities in pharmaceutical research and medical devices,” argues fellow Jensen portfolio manager Allen Bond. (Current J&J shareholders will likely retain shares in both companies.) Trading at roughly 16 times forward earnings, the stock is on the cheaper end (the forward P/E for the S&P 500 is 23), and J&J recently raised its full-year earnings forecast.
Benkendorf likes Comcast with its 1.9% yield, because after more than a year of working and studying from their dining rooms, investors “understand the importance of high-speed broadband at home.” Even in a higher-inflation environment, he adds, “broadband has pricing power.” Comcast trades at around 15 times forward earnings, and Benkendorf believes the stock is “pretty reasonably priced for a nice runway of growth” with “very nice margins.” Comcast is also getting a cyclical boost from its Universal theme parks as the economy continues opening up, Benkendorf notes, even though wage increases are raising its costs at the parks.
Thinking globally
Inflation is a global issue, with supply-chain kinks hampering countries around the world. But Malik thinks “international markets could be more interesting [as] U.S. growth is slowing.” Some flagship companies outside the U.S. are poised to capitalize on current trends regardless of the short-term economic backdrop.
Canada-based Shopify is becoming a formidable player in the global e-commerce space and a winner for investors, with its share price up over 420% since mid-March 2020. Despite the run-up, Gary Robinson, a portfolio manager at asset manager Baillie Gifford’s U.S. Equity Growth Fund, is bullish on Shopify’s long-term story. “The size of Shopify’s business has been completely transformed through the pandemic,” he says. Though Shopify missed Street estimates in its most recent earnings, analysts wager it can continue to grow sales by nearly 34% in 2022.
The company is “starting to become the partner of choice when other platforms are looking to integrate e-commerce,” says Robinson, citing Shopify’s partnerships with heavy hitters like Walmart, Instagram and Facebook shops, and TikTok. As with PayPal, part of Shopify’s revenue comes from fees based on a percentage of the value of goods sold. If inflation keeps ticking up, Robinson argues, “Shopify revenues are going to march up with the rise in prices.” You’ll pay a pretty penny for that growth and inflation protection: The stock trades at over 260 times forward earnings.
The company at the epicenter of the planet’s most seismic surges in demand right now is Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC, for short), the world’s dominant contract chipmaker. Semiconductors are “basically becoming ubiquitous—they’re used in everything from manufacturing plants, autos, 5G, to artificial intelligence,” notes Malik. And Schoenstein says that TSMC has been at the “forefront of building capacity” so it can play a leading role in resolving the worldwide chip shortage. Demand and capacity make the company a great hedge against inflation. While TSMC has been tight-lipped about whether it’s going to increase what it charges customers, “they have the pricing power,” notes Malik.
When it comes to the consumer staples sector, not every company can ride out a higher inflationary environment. It helps if they not only can pass along price increases to customers, but are “very well run from an efficiency standpoint,” notes Benkendorf. One name that fits the bill is Switzerland-based Nestlé, the titan whose brands include Cheerios, DiGiorno pizza, and Nescafé coffee. Benkendorf commends Nestlé’s chops with R&D and innovation too. The stock trades at 26 times forward earnings (the current consumer staples sector forward P/E is 21).
Inflation is far from the biggest challenge facing Chinese internet and gaming giant Tencent. The regulatory headwinds that have buffeted Chinese tech stocks in general have also hit Tencent—in particular, recent rules that ban minors in China from playing video games during weekdays and limit play on weekends. The majority of Tencent’s revenue comes from gaming, and its stock is down 13% so far this year. But Malik points out that players under 16 years old account for less than 3% of Tencent’s China gross gaming cash (according to the company’s 2021 interim report). Though she expects Tencent’s domestic gaming revenues to remain flat over the next few quarters, she’s “optimistic on overseas gaming growth.”
The rest of the company, meanwhile, is seeing healthy expansion in a diverse range of other businesses, online payments, and cloud services—many of them complemented by Tencent’s WeChat communication tool, which is ubiquitous in China. Online advertising is a strong business for the company, although inflation and regulation have slowed its growth this year. Taking all that into consideration, Malik believes Tencent’s valuation—at 27 times forward earnings—is low enough to justify taking a flier on one of China’s most dominant tech companies.
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Picks
Amazon (AMZN, $3,696)
Microsoft (MSFT, $341)
PayPal (PYPL, $201)
Salesforce (CRM, $303)
PepsiCo (PEP, $163)
Johnson & Johnson (JNJ, $162)
Comcast (CMCSA, $53)
Shopify (SHOP, $1,681)
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM, $123)
Nestlé (OTC: NSRGY, $133)
Tencent (OTC: TCEHY, $62)
Prices as of 11/18/21
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How Fortune did
In most years, a 15% return—the median performance of our 21 “Stocks for 2021”—would put a smile on investors’ faces. But the S&P 500 returned 31% over the same span, so we’ve got some explaining to do. Here’s a postmortem.—Matt Heimer
Reopening reality
We bet that the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines would boost industries like travel, entertainment, and retail. The lift came, but stock returns didn’t always follow, and the Delta variant impeded many companies’ comebacks. So while concert-and -event giant Live Nation Entertainment was one of our top performers (up 69%), airlines Southwest and JetBlue (up just 4% and 0.5%, respectively) helped to drag us down.
Tech, triumphant
Our biggest mistake was a sin of omission: We didn’t think the Big Tech stocks would repeat their torrid run of 2020. In fact, Microsoft and Alphabet crushed the broader market (and our picks), returning 58% and 67%, respectively. The silver lining: If you owned an S&P 500 index fund, you benefited anyway, since those two stocks alone account for more than 10% of that index’s market cap.
Bank on it
We predicted that banks with a consumer-heavy focus would cash in on a recovery. Our two picks, Wells Fargo (up 103%) and Bank of America (up 72%), paid off with interest, thanks in part to a huge increase in home mortgage issuance.
A version of this article appears in the December 2021/January 2022 issue of Fortune with the headline, “Stocks for smoother sailing.”