特拉维斯·拉波扎第一次听到美国总统乔·拜登打算免除数百万借款人的学生贷款时,持谨慎乐观的态度。
按照拜登在今年8月公布的计划,作为佩尔助学金(Pell Grant)的获得者,拉波扎有资格获得2万美元的贷款减免。再加上过去四年他和父母同住时攒下的钱,他终于能够还清债务,搬出去自己住了。
拉波扎本以为,华府的领导终于听到了他们这代人的心声,终于开始采取措施来解决千禧一代面临的财务焦虑和困境。
他在接受《财富》杂志采访时称,他早应该更清醒一点。由于保守派和自由主义团体提出的多项法律质疑,拜登的减免计划遭到搁置,贷款者的兴奋如昙花一现。这项计划的命运现在掌握在美国最高法院(U.S. Supreme Court)手中。
“我当时欣喜若狂,谁不会呢?”31岁的拉波扎在听说拜登的债务减免计划时表示。“但我们怎么可能得到这么好的东西呢?我不认为我们应该有任何期待。”
如果你是千禧一代,期望值自然而然就降低了。千禧一代出生于1981年至1996年期间,他们遭遇了一次又一次的财务挫折。他们经历了不止一次全球危机的沉重打击,两次——经济大衰退(Great Recession)和新冠疫情——而这类所谓的“黑天鹅”事件,通常一代人才会遇上一次。这些事件对千禧一代的个人财务产生了巨大影响:他们推迟买房(如果还有买得起的那一天的话),推迟结婚,对生孩子持观望态度。他们干的工作比父母辈更多,却被一遍又一遍地批评为懒惰和自私。
他们中有许多人都和拉波扎一样,觉得自己是被父母逼着读了昂贵的大学。父母对他们说,高等教育是通往美好生活的入场券。但是,尽管他们比父母辈受教育程度更高,但由于大学学费飙升,这种教育带来的学生贷款债务负担也大幅提升。
位于纽约的律师事务所Davidoff Hutcher & Citron的联邦政府关系主管乔纳森·麦科勒姆说:“学生贷款减免的希望就摆在他们面前,却可能很快变成竹篮打水一场空,而这只是一长串问题中最新的一个。”
大学毕业生的工资中位数仍然高于非大学毕业生和没有上过大学的人,但却跟不上生活成本的上涨节奏。除了打破历史纪录的高房价,如今许多年轻人每个月还欠着数百美元(如果不是数千美元的话)的学生贷款。
“更令人沮丧的是,婴儿潮一代会说:‘我还清了学生贷款,你为什么还不上?’他们根本没有想过读大学的费用在30年里上涨了三倍多。”布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)的高级研究员安德烈·佩里指出:“为了拿到学位从而支持知识经济,这个群体竭尽所能做了每一点应该做的努力,却不得不比父辈承担更高昂的成本,这个事实令人沮丧。”
难以成真的好消息
拜登宣布其学生贷款减免计划时,曾经给被债务困住的人们带来了一丝希望。然而,千禧一代却可以再一次把它添加到失望清单中了,清单里大大小小的承诺都落空了,无论是买得起房还是买到一张泰勒·斯威夫特的演唱会门票。
先说住房。联邦学生贷款在新冠疫情期间暂停还款,使一些千禧一代终于在财务上足够稳定,能够买房了,虽然全国各地的房价已经突破历史纪录。不过抵押贷款利率处于史上最低水平,给了首次购房者一个短暂的窗口期,让他们的钱可以花在更多的地方。随着每个月都能够存下一点钱,千禧一代终于敢想一想如果不考虑债务的话,可以买点什么。拉波扎和其他一些年轻人说,如果贷款减免能够推行,他们就总有一天可以攒够钱买房。
今年,抵押贷款利率飙升,房价又持续创下新高,再次将大批首套房购买者拒之门外。
千禧一代甚至在不工作的时候都无法顺心如意。即使他们有闲钱能够买音乐会门票找乐子,也仍然会一头撞上前面几代人筑起的高墙。今年11月初,数百万人试图登录Ticketmaster购买泰勒·斯威夫特美国巡演的门票,但系统崩溃了。如果Ticketmaster没有被LiveNation合并,买票会不会更容易?(包括典型的千禧一代政客、众议员亚历山德里娅·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯在内的诸多民主党人都将这次合并称为垄断。)这很难说,但这种经历极具象征性,千禧一代就是一直这么倒霉:巨额债务、低工资、高生活成本,还有婴儿潮一代制定的大批政策让他们远离成功和幸福。
“感觉好像什么都是冲着我们来的。”41岁的贾内特·亚当斯还清了5万美元的学生贷款,现在帮助别人进行个人财务管理,他说:“对千禧一代来说,每一件事情相互联系,共同影响着他们的财务状况。”
一个挫折叠着一个挫折。千禧一代贷款上好学校,希望可以找到一份好工作。但这份贷款使许多人买不上房、存不下钱或者投不了资。正因如此,与婴儿潮一代相比,他们在相同年纪时拥有的财富要更少。
很快,这代人就得集体迈入需要照顾年迈父母的年纪,平添更多的经济压力。黑人和其他非白人千禧一代的困境更加突出。
佩里表示:“就好像是我们不想让千禧一代从美国梦里分一块蛋糕。”
所以他们应该赢一场了。但是拉波扎说,拜登已经要求由六名保守派法官和三名自由派法官组成的美国最高法院对学生贷款减免计划的合法性做出裁决,这场胜利看起来不太可能以减免学生贷的形式出现了。
他说:“就像你准备去打棒球,天却在下雨,我不指望会有一场精彩的比赛。”
尽管如此,拉波扎和佩里都表示政府需要做些什么来帮助它的公民。说“不要上大学”不是解决办法;他们说,美国需要受过教育的劳动力来保持竞争力。
他们希望看到共和党为解决美国高等教育成本危机提出一些方案,而不仅仅是给学生贷款减免项目和其他民主党政策设置障碍。拉波扎并没有放弃,他仍然希望政府能够做些什么来帮助他和他的后代。
“他们给我们画了大饼,却并没有实现,我们只能独自承担后果。”拉波扎说:“谁可以帮我们一把?你们看不出我们受到的冲击有多严重吗?”(财富中文网)
译者:Agatha
特拉维斯·拉波扎第一次听到美国总统乔·拜登打算免除数百万借款人的学生贷款时,持谨慎乐观的态度。
按照拜登在今年8月公布的计划,作为佩尔助学金(Pell Grant)的获得者,拉波扎有资格获得2万美元的贷款减免。再加上过去四年他和父母同住时攒下的钱,他终于能够还清债务,搬出去自己住了。
拉波扎本以为,华府的领导终于听到了他们这代人的心声,终于开始采取措施来解决千禧一代面临的财务焦虑和困境。
他在接受《财富》杂志采访时称,他早应该更清醒一点。由于保守派和自由主义团体提出的多项法律质疑,拜登的减免计划遭到搁置,贷款者的兴奋如昙花一现。这项计划的命运现在掌握在美国最高法院(U.S. Supreme Court)手中。
“我当时欣喜若狂,谁不会呢?”31岁的拉波扎在听说拜登的债务减免计划时表示。“但我们怎么可能得到这么好的东西呢?我不认为我们应该有任何期待。”
如果你是千禧一代,期望值自然而然就降低了。千禧一代出生于1981年至1996年期间,他们遭遇了一次又一次的财务挫折。他们经历了不止一次全球危机的沉重打击,两次——经济大衰退(Great Recession)和新冠疫情——而这类所谓的“黑天鹅”事件,通常一代人才会遇上一次。这些事件对千禧一代的个人财务产生了巨大影响:他们推迟买房(如果还有买得起的那一天的话),推迟结婚,对生孩子持观望态度。他们干的工作比父母辈更多,却被一遍又一遍地批评为懒惰和自私。
他们中有许多人都和拉波扎一样,觉得自己是被父母逼着读了昂贵的大学。父母对他们说,高等教育是通往美好生活的入场券。但是,尽管他们比父母辈受教育程度更高,但由于大学学费飙升,这种教育带来的学生贷款债务负担也大幅提升。
位于纽约的律师事务所Davidoff Hutcher & Citron的联邦政府关系主管乔纳森·麦科勒姆说:“学生贷款减免的希望就摆在他们面前,却可能很快变成竹篮打水一场空,而这只是一长串问题中最新的一个。”
大学毕业生的工资中位数仍然高于非大学毕业生和没有上过大学的人,但却跟不上生活成本的上涨节奏。除了打破历史纪录的高房价,如今许多年轻人每个月还欠着数百美元(如果不是数千美元的话)的学生贷款。
“更令人沮丧的是,婴儿潮一代会说:‘我还清了学生贷款,你为什么还不上?’他们根本没有想过读大学的费用在30年里上涨了三倍多。”布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)的高级研究员安德烈·佩里指出:“为了拿到学位从而支持知识经济,这个群体竭尽所能做了每一点应该做的努力,却不得不比父辈承担更高昂的成本,这个事实令人沮丧。”
难以成真的好消息
拜登宣布其学生贷款减免计划时,曾经给被债务困住的人们带来了一丝希望。然而,千禧一代却可以再一次把它添加到失望清单中了,清单里大大小小的承诺都落空了,无论是买得起房还是买到一张泰勒·斯威夫特的演唱会门票。
先说住房。联邦学生贷款在新冠疫情期间暂停还款,使一些千禧一代终于在财务上足够稳定,能够买房了,虽然全国各地的房价已经突破历史纪录。不过抵押贷款利率处于史上最低水平,给了首次购房者一个短暂的窗口期,让他们的钱可以花在更多的地方。随着每个月都能够存下一点钱,千禧一代终于敢想一想如果不考虑债务的话,可以买点什么。拉波扎和其他一些年轻人说,如果贷款减免能够推行,他们就总有一天可以攒够钱买房。
今年,抵押贷款利率飙升,房价又持续创下新高,再次将大批首套房购买者拒之门外。
千禧一代甚至在不工作的时候都无法顺心如意。即使他们有闲钱能够买音乐会门票找乐子,也仍然会一头撞上前面几代人筑起的高墙。今年11月初,数百万人试图登录Ticketmaster购买泰勒·斯威夫特美国巡演的门票,但系统崩溃了。如果Ticketmaster没有被LiveNation合并,买票会不会更容易?(包括典型的千禧一代政客、众议员亚历山德里娅·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯在内的诸多民主党人都将这次合并称为垄断。)这很难说,但这种经历极具象征性,千禧一代就是一直这么倒霉:巨额债务、低工资、高生活成本,还有婴儿潮一代制定的大批政策让他们远离成功和幸福。
“感觉好像什么都是冲着我们来的。”41岁的贾内特·亚当斯还清了5万美元的学生贷款,现在帮助别人进行个人财务管理,他说:“对千禧一代来说,每一件事情相互联系,共同影响着他们的财务状况。”
一个挫折叠着一个挫折。千禧一代贷款上好学校,希望可以找到一份好工作。但这份贷款使许多人买不上房、存不下钱或者投不了资。正因如此,与婴儿潮一代相比,他们在相同年纪时拥有的财富要更少。
很快,这代人就得集体迈入需要照顾年迈父母的年纪,平添更多的经济压力。黑人和其他非白人千禧一代的困境更加突出。
佩里表示:“就好像是我们不想让千禧一代从美国梦里分一块蛋糕。”
所以他们应该赢一场了。但是拉波扎说,拜登已经要求由六名保守派法官和三名自由派法官组成的美国最高法院对学生贷款减免计划的合法性做出裁决,这场胜利看起来不太可能以减免学生贷的形式出现了。
他说:“就像你准备去打棒球,天却在下雨,我不指望会有一场精彩的比赛。”
尽管如此,拉波扎和佩里都表示政府需要做些什么来帮助它的公民。说“不要上大学”不是解决办法;他们说,美国需要受过教育的劳动力来保持竞争力。
他们希望看到共和党为解决美国高等教育成本危机提出一些方案,而不仅仅是给学生贷款减免项目和其他民主党政策设置障碍。拉波扎并没有放弃,他仍然希望政府能够做些什么来帮助他和他的后代。
“他们给我们画了大饼,却并没有实现,我们只能独自承担后果。”拉波扎说:“谁可以帮我们一把?你们看不出我们受到的冲击有多严重吗?”(财富中文网)
译者:Agatha
When he first heard about President Joe Biden’s plan to forgive student loan debt for millions of federal borrowers, Travis Rapoza was cautiously optimistic.
A Pell Grant recipient, Rapoza qualifies for $20,000 in loan forgiveness under the plan that Biden unveiled in August. Coupled with money he’s saved while living with his parents for the past four years, he would finally be debt-free and could move out on his own.
Finally, Rapoza thought, his generation was being heard by leaders in Washington D.C. Finally, something was being done to address the financial anxiety and hardship many millennials face.
He should have known better, he tells Fortune. The excitement felt by many federal borrowers was short-lived as Biden’s forgiveness plan was put on hold due to multiple legal challenges from conservative and libertarian groups. Its fate now rests with the U.S. Supreme Court.
“I was ecstatic, who wouldn’t be?” says Rapoza, 31, of when he learned of Biden’s debt forgiveness plan. “But why would we get a nice thing? I don’t think we’re expecting anything.”
Low expectations come with the territory when you’re a millennial. The generation, which includes those born between 1981 and 1996, has faced one financial set back after another. They’ve been hit hard by not one but two global crises—the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic—so-called “Black Swan” events that typically happen once in a generation. These events have had an outsized impact on their financial lives: They’re buying houses later (if they can afford them at all), pushing back marriage, and on-the-fence about children. They’re working more than their parents while being told over and over that they’re lazy and selfish.
Many, like Rapoza, feel like they were pushed to attend expensive colleges by mom and dad, who told them higher education was the ticket to a better life. But while they are more educated than their parents’ generations, that education came with a significantly higher student loan debt load, as college costs soared.
“The possibility of student loan relief being dangled in front of them, only to be potentially snatched away, is the latest in a long line of issues,” says Jonathan McCollum, chair of federal government relations at New York law firm Davidoff Hutcher & Citron.
Median wages are still higher for college graduates than non-grads and those who don’t attend, but they have not kept pace with the cost of living. On top of record housing prices, many of today’s young adults also owe hundreds (if not thousands) each month on their student loans.
“What’s really frustrating is when I hear baby boomers say, ‘Well I paid for my student loans, why can’t you?’ Not reckoning with the reality that the price of going to college has increased more than threefold in 30 years,” says André Perry, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “It is frustrating when you have a group of individuals who are doing everything they are asked to do in terms of getting a degree so they can support a knowledge economy, and yet having to shoulder a greater proportion of the cost than their predecessors.”
Too good to be true
When it was announced, Biden’s student loan relief plan offered a glimmer of hope for those who feel trapped by their debt. Instead, millennials can add it to the list of promises that turned into disappointments, big and small, from affordable housing to trying to score a ticket to a Taylor Swift concert.
Take housing. When federal student loan payments were paused during the COVID-19 pandemic, some millennials were finally financially stable enough to buy homes, despite record-high prices across the country. Mortgage rates were at record lows, giving first-time homebuyers a brief window when their money could go farther. With a little extra cash to save each month, millennials got a chance to dream about how they’d spend if their debt wasn’t a factor. Rapoza and other young adults say that if loan forgiveness proceeds, they will finally be able to save for a home.
Then mortgage rates soared this year, coupled with continued record-high housing prices, shutting out many first-time homebuyers once again.
Millennials can’t even catch a break in their leisure time. When they do have enough disposable income to spend on something fun like concert tickets, they’re still running into walls erected by past generations. Earlier November, millions tried to log onto Ticketmaster to score seats for Taylor Swift’s massive U.S. tour—and millions failed. Would it have been an easier process if Ticketmaster wasn’t owned by LiveNation, a merger that many Democrats, including quintessential millennial politician Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, are now calling a monopoly? Impossible to say, but the experience is emblematic of how millennials are consistently left with the short-end of the stick: massive debt, low pay, high cost-of-living, and a number of boomer policies keeping them from success and happiness.
“It seems like we’ve been hit with everything,” says Ja’Net Adams, a 41-year-old who paid off $50,000 in student loan debt and now helps others manage their personal finances. “All of it is tied together for the millennials and affecting their whole financial picture.”
Every set back compounds the next. Millennials took out student loans to go to a good school in hopes of landing a good job. But the debt precludes many from being able to buy a house, save, or start investing. Given all of that, they have less wealth than baby boomers did at the same age.
Soon, they’ll be caring for their aging parents en masse, adding even more financial strain. The problems are amplified for Black and other non-white millennials.
“It’s almost like we don’t want millennials to get a piece of the American Dream,” says Perry.
So Generation Y could use a win. But Rapoza says it looks unlikely that win will come in the form of student loan forgiveness, given that Biden is asking the U.S. Supreme Court—currently composed of six conservative justices and three liberals—to rule on lawfulness of the program.
“If you’re going to play baseball, and it’s raining, I wouldn’t expect a good game,” he says.
Still, both Rapoza and Perry say the government needs to do something to help its citizens. And saying “don’t go to college” isn’t a solution; America needs an educated workforce to be competitive, they say.
Instead of only throwing up hurdles to stop student loan forgiveness and other Democratic policies, they would like to see Republicans present some solutions for America’s higher education cost crisis. Rapoza isn’t giving up hope that something can be done to help his and future generations.
“We were sold this myth and it didn’t pan out and we’re left holding the bag,” says Rapoza. “Can someone please give us a hand? Can you not see how bad we are hit?”