英国研究人员给“星期日恐慌”这种说法,赋予了全新的含义。在英国心血管病学会大会(British Cardiovascular Society Conference)上发布的一项研究显示,最严重的心脏病发作类型,在周一出现的可能性高于每周的其他任何日期。
贝尔法斯特健康和社会护理信托(Belfast Health and Social Care Trust)和爱尔兰皇家外科医学院(Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland)的医生分析了爱尔兰1万多名患者的数据,这些患者2013年至2018年期间因为最严重的心脏病发作(又称ST段抬高型心肌梗死,STEMI)住院。这类心脏病会在主冠状动脉被完全堵塞时发作。
研究人员发现,每个工作周的开始几天STEMI发作的比例大幅提高,其中周一的STEMI发作率最高。令人意外的是,周日的STEMI心脏病发作率同样高于预期。
为什么周一更容易心脏病发作?
科学家们一直无法解释这种所谓的“忧郁星期一”现象。之前的研究表明,周一更有可能心脏病发作的原因是人体生物钟,或者正常的睡眠-觉醒周期。
来自贝尔法斯特健康和社会护理信托的心脏病专家杰克·拉芬医生是该项研究的负责人。他在有关该项研究的一份新闻稿中表示:“我们发现,工作周开始和STEMI发作之间存在密切的统计学上的相互关系。以前曾经有人描述过这种关系,但我们依旧感到好奇。存在这种关系的原因可能是多方面的。但根据之前的研究结果,我们可以合理假设它与人体生物钟有关。”
英国有3万多名患者因STEMI发作住院,这类心脏病发作需要紧急评估和治疗。通常情况下,这类心脏病的治疗需要立即进行血管成形术,重新打开被堵塞的冠状动脉。
令人担忧的不只是每周的哪一天更容易发作心脏病。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)发现,相比每年的其他时间,人们在12月最后一周最有可能死于心脏病发作。在每年的这段时间,日常生活、睡眠、锻炼和饮食习惯的变化,可能使人们面临与心脏病有关的风险。
心脏病发作会有哪些迹象?
心脏病发作的迹象包括:
胸痛/胸部有压迫感
恶心
胳膊或肩膀不适
后背、颈部和下颌疼痛
感觉虚弱或头晕目眩
呼吸困难
但美国心脏协会表示,女性和男性的症状不同,女性可能出现更微妙的症状,如恶心、呕吐、呼吸浅短和后背或下颌疼痛等。如果你或身边的人开始感觉有心脏病发作的症状,应该立即拨打急救电话。
心脏病发作和心脏骤停有什么区别?
虽然心脏病发作可能引发心脏骤停,但两者并不完全相同。心脏病学专家、克利夫兰医学中心(Cleveland Clinic)运动心脏学联席主任迈克尔·埃梅里医生曾对《财富》杂志表示,心脏骤停是由心脏电系统失灵导致的,而心脏病发作则主要是心脏动脉中的血液循环问题。
他表示:“如果心脏病发作导致一条动脉被严重堵塞,心肌供血就会突然停止。而[心脏骤停]发作的原因通常是心室颤动[一种心律不齐]导致心脏电信号混乱无规律。当心脏跳动混乱且无规律时,就无法向人体其他部位充分泵血,因此会发生心脏骤停。”
改善心脏健康的方法
虽然有一半美国人存在三个诱发心脏病的风险因素之一,包括高血压、高胆固醇和吸烟,但有一些方法可以降低心脏病发作的概率:
定期参加体育活动
健康饮食
戒烟
维持健康体重
监测血压、胆固醇和糖尿病
遵医嘱用药
与医疗团队密切合作
英国心脏基金会(British Heart Foundation)教授兼医学主任奈尔什·萨玛尼在同一份新闻稿中表示:“这项研究提供了证明严重心脏病发作时间的最新证据,但我们现在需要分析的是哪些原因导致在每周的某些日期更容易发作心脏病。这还可以帮助医生更好地了解这种致命的状况,未来可以拯救更多生命。”(财富中文网)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
英国研究人员给“星期日恐慌”这种说法,赋予了全新的含义。在英国心血管病学会大会(British Cardiovascular Society Conference)上发布的一项研究显示,最严重的心脏病发作类型,在周一出现的可能性高于每周的其他任何日期。
贝尔法斯特健康和社会护理信托(Belfast Health and Social Care Trust)和爱尔兰皇家外科医学院(Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland)的医生分析了爱尔兰1万多名患者的数据,这些患者2013年至2018年期间因为最严重的心脏病发作(又称ST段抬高型心肌梗死,STEMI)住院。这类心脏病会在主冠状动脉被完全堵塞时发作。
研究人员发现,每个工作周的开始几天STEMI发作的比例大幅提高,其中周一的STEMI发作率最高。令人意外的是,周日的STEMI心脏病发作率同样高于预期。
为什么周一更容易心脏病发作?
科学家们一直无法解释这种所谓的“忧郁星期一”现象。之前的研究表明,周一更有可能心脏病发作的原因是人体生物钟,或者正常的睡眠-觉醒周期。
来自贝尔法斯特健康和社会护理信托的心脏病专家杰克·拉芬医生是该项研究的负责人。他在有关该项研究的一份新闻稿中表示:“我们发现,工作周开始和STEMI发作之间存在密切的统计学上的相互关系。以前曾经有人描述过这种关系,但我们依旧感到好奇。存在这种关系的原因可能是多方面的。但根据之前的研究结果,我们可以合理假设它与人体生物钟有关。”
英国有3万多名患者因STEMI发作住院,这类心脏病发作需要紧急评估和治疗。通常情况下,这类心脏病的治疗需要立即进行血管成形术,重新打开被堵塞的冠状动脉。
令人担忧的不只是每周的哪一天更容易发作心脏病。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)发现,相比每年的其他时间,人们在12月最后一周最有可能死于心脏病发作。在每年的这段时间,日常生活、睡眠、锻炼和饮食习惯的变化,可能使人们面临与心脏病有关的风险。
心脏病发作会有哪些迹象?
心脏病发作的迹象包括:
胸痛/胸部有压迫感
恶心
胳膊或肩膀不适
后背、颈部和下颌疼痛
感觉虚弱或头晕目眩
呼吸困难
但美国心脏协会表示,女性和男性的症状不同,女性可能出现更微妙的症状,如恶心、呕吐、呼吸浅短和后背或下颌疼痛等。如果你或身边的人开始感觉有心脏病发作的症状,应该立即拨打急救电话。
心脏病发作和心脏骤停有什么区别?
虽然心脏病发作可能引发心脏骤停,但两者并不完全相同。心脏病学专家、克利夫兰医学中心(Cleveland Clinic)运动心脏学联席主任迈克尔·埃梅里医生曾对《财富》杂志表示,心脏骤停是由心脏电系统失灵导致的,而心脏病发作则主要是心脏动脉中的血液循环问题。
他表示:“如果心脏病发作导致一条动脉被严重堵塞,心肌供血就会突然停止。而[心脏骤停]发作的原因通常是心室颤动[一种心律不齐]导致心脏电信号混乱无规律。当心脏跳动混乱且无规律时,就无法向人体其他部位充分泵血,因此会发生心脏骤停。”
改善心脏健康的方法
虽然有一半美国人存在三个诱发心脏病的风险因素之一,包括高血压、高胆固醇和吸烟,但有一些方法可以降低心脏病发作的概率:
定期参加体育活动
健康饮食
戒烟
维持健康体重
监测血压、胆固醇和糖尿病
遵医嘱用药
与医疗团队密切合作
英国心脏基金会(British Heart Foundation)教授兼医学主任奈尔什·萨玛尼在同一份新闻稿中表示:“这项研究提供了证明严重心脏病发作时间的最新证据,但我们现在需要分析的是哪些原因导致在每周的某些日期更容易发作心脏病。这还可以帮助医生更好地了解这种致命的状况,未来可以拯救更多生命。”(财富中文网)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
British researchers have given new meaning to the phrase, “Sunday scaries.” According to research presented at the British Cardiovascular Society Conference, the most serious types of heart attacks are more likely to happen on Monday than any other day of the week.
Doctors at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland analyzed data from more than 10,000 patients across Ireland who had been admitted to the hospital between 2013 and 2018 with the most serious type of heart attack, also known as a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This type of heart attack occurs when a major coronary artery is completely blocked.
Researchers found that a surge in rates of STEMI heart attacks occurred at the start of the working week, with the highest rates found on Mondays. The rates of STEMI heart attacks were also higher than expected on Sundays.
Why are heart attacks more prominent on Monday?
The phenomenon, known as “blue Monday,” has scientists stumped. Previous studies have suggested that heart attacks may be more likely to take place on a Monday due to the body’s circadian rhythm, or natural sleep-wake cycle.
“We’ve found a strong statistical correlation between the start of the working week and the incidence of STEMI,” cardiologist Dr. Jack Laffan, who led the research at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, said in a press release about the study. “This has been described before but remains a curiosity. The cause is likely multifactorial. However, based on what we know from previous studies, it is reasonable to presume a circadian element.”
More than 30,000 hospital admissions in the United Kingdom are due to STEMI heart attacks, which require emergency assessment and treatment. Typically such treatment involves an emergency angioplasty, which is a procedure to reopen blocked coronary arteries.
And it’s not just the day of the week that may be cause for concern. The American Heart Association (AHA) has found that people die the most from heart attacks in the last week of December compared to any other time of the year. The change in routine, sleep and exercise schedules, as well as diet, may put people at risk for heart-related problems during that time of year.
What are the signs of a heart attack?
Signs of a heart attack can include:
Chest pain/pressure in the chest
Nausea
Discomfort in an arm or shoulder
Back, neck, and jaw pain
Feeling weak or faint
Trouble breathing
However, symptoms differ in women and men, whereas women may experience more subtle symptoms like nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and back or jaw pain, according to the American Heart Association. You should call 911 immediately if you or someone around you begins to feel symptoms of a heart attack.
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
While a heart attack can cause cardiac arrest, the two are not the same. Whereas cardiac arrest occurs when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, a heart attack is more of a circulation problem in one of the arteries in the heart, Dr. Michael Emery, cardiologist and codirector of the sports cardiology center at Cleveland Clinic, previously told Fortune.
“When one of those arteries gets acutely blocked from a heart attack, then there’s a sudden lack of blood flow to part of the muscle of the heart,” he said. “Meanwhile, [cardiac arrest] is when the electricity becomes disorganized and chaotic, often from ventricular fibrillation [a type of irregular heartbeat]. And when the heart is disorganized and chaotic, it can’t adequately pump blood to the rest of the body, hence the arrest part.”
Ways to improve your heart health
Although half of Americans have one of three risk factors of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking, there are ways you can lower your chances of a heart attack:
Engage in regular physical activity
Eat a healthy diet
Quit smoking
Maintain a healthy weight
Monitor your blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes
Take your medication as directed
Work closely with your health care team
“This study adds to evidence around the timing of particularly serious heart attacks, but we now need to unpick what it is about certain days of the week that makes them more likely,” Sir Nilesh Samani, a professor and medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said in the same release. “Doing so could help doctors better understand this deadly condition so we can save more lives in future.”