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报告显示,全世界亿万富翁只有三分之一住在北美,而且去年财富缩水

RACHEL SHIN
2023-06-20

2022年全球亿万富翁人数首次出现下降。

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2022年亿万富翁的财富损失了11.1万亿美元。图片来源:WESTEND61—GETTY IMAGES

2018年以来,由于俄乌战争、通胀飙升和中美关系紧张导致经济波动,2022年全球亿万富翁人数首次出现下降。数据公司Altrata发布的年度亿万富翁调查报告显示,2022年全球亿万富翁人数减少了3.5%,共3194人,财富则缩水了11.1万亿美元。该调查主要基于全球最大的富人研究数据库Wealth-X提供的数据。

疫情爆发的前两年,亿万富翁的财富曾急速上升。乐施会(Oxfam)一份报告发现,从2020年到2021年,全世界最富有的1%人口获得了28万亿美元,美国亿万富翁财富增加了三分之一。部分原因是2021年低利率环境下,政府支出又处于高位,股市节节走高。

不过Wealth-X发现,2022年亿万富翁的财富总额减少了5.5%,这是十年里降幅第二的年份。约有三分之一亿万富翁住在北美,占富豪总人数比例下降了2.3%,降至1011人,亚洲富豪人数降幅最大,减少7.1%至835人。2022年亚洲亿万富翁损失也最惨重,财富缩水了9%。2022年只有中东(增长7.2%)和拉丁美洲(增长4.4%)亿万富翁的财富实现了增长。

尽管亚洲亿万富翁的总体数量有所减少,新加坡的亿万富翁人数却增幅最大,2022年新增54人。亿万富翁仍集中在超级城市里,纽约、中国香港和旧金山的亿万富翁数量最多,分别为136、112和84人。

报告发现,2022年不同行业的亿万富翁财富增减情况差别很大。掌握科技、医疗或能源大企业的富豪财富损失超过5%,而航空航天、航运、建筑和食品饮料行业巨头一般来说财富是增加的。年长的亿万富翁也比年轻的亿万富翁表现更好,70岁以上的亿万富翁平均只损失了2.2%,接近5.5%平均亏损水平的一半。

疫情后的趋势则对各行业的韧性或弱点产生不同的影响,食品和饮料是利润率很高的消费品,所以较容易维持。与之类似,根据该亿万富翁调查,由于全球贸易经济在疫情中断后复苏,供应链恢复正常节奏,航运业亿万富翁也从中获利。报告补充称,俄乌战争后国防领域的富豪财富增加,因为军事装备的生产需求加大。

性别和代沟

亿万富翁的财富和规模可能有所波动,然而另一个方面仍然基本停滞。亿万富翁的性别差距仍然很大,年轻亿万富翁年龄段的女性比例较高一些。总体而言,亿万富翁里女性仅占12.5%,不过在50岁以下人群中,女性占17.9%。

“全球财富市场多元化、女性创业增加、公司文化(和董事会)态度转变缓慢,以及大笔财富代际转移的频率不断上升,都是背后的影响因素,” 该亿万富翁调查报告提到性别差距变化缓慢时表示。

不同年龄的亿万富翁赚钱的地区也是存在区别。三个年龄段(50岁以下、50-70岁和70岁以上)中最大头的行业都是银行和金融,不过最年轻的亿万富翁群体里第二大行业是科技。相比之下,科技行业在70岁及以上亿万富翁身处行业里甚至排不进前五。此外,工业集团在年龄较长的两个亿万富翁群体里排名第二,在年轻亿万富翁群体中也排不进前五。

从年长和年轻亿万富翁在行业方面的差异,可看出全世界最富有的人们赚取巨额财富方式的巨大转变。技术,尤其是随着人工智能出现,成为了新的赚钱手段,而工业集团之类传统行业似乎逐渐消失。在财富水平整体下降的大环境下,技术和其他财富新源泉的持久性仍有待观察。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

2018年以来,由于俄乌战争、通胀飙升和中美关系紧张导致经济波动,2022年全球亿万富翁人数首次出现下降。数据公司Altrata发布的年度亿万富翁调查报告显示,2022年全球亿万富翁人数减少了3.5%,共3194人,财富则缩水了11.1万亿美元。该调查主要基于全球最大的富人研究数据库Wealth-X提供的数据。

疫情爆发的前两年,亿万富翁的财富曾急速上升。乐施会(Oxfam)一份报告发现,从2020年到2021年,全世界最富有的1%人口获得了28万亿美元,美国亿万富翁财富增加了三分之一。部分原因是2021年低利率环境下,政府支出又处于高位,股市节节走高。

不过Wealth-X发现,2022年亿万富翁的财富总额减少了5.5%,这是十年里降幅第二的年份。约有三分之一亿万富翁住在北美,占富豪总人数比例下降了2.3%,降至1011人,亚洲富豪人数降幅最大,减少7.1%至835人。2022年亚洲亿万富翁损失也最惨重,财富缩水了9%。2022年只有中东(增长7.2%)和拉丁美洲(增长4.4%)亿万富翁的财富实现了增长。

尽管亚洲亿万富翁的总体数量有所减少,新加坡的亿万富翁人数却增幅最大,2022年新增54人。亿万富翁仍集中在超级城市里,纽约、中国香港和旧金山的亿万富翁数量最多,分别为136、112和84人。

报告发现,2022年不同行业的亿万富翁财富增减情况差别很大。掌握科技、医疗或能源大企业的富豪财富损失超过5%,而航空航天、航运、建筑和食品饮料行业巨头一般来说财富是增加的。年长的亿万富翁也比年轻的亿万富翁表现更好,70岁以上的亿万富翁平均只损失了2.2%,接近5.5%平均亏损水平的一半。

疫情后的趋势则对各行业的韧性或弱点产生不同的影响,食品和饮料是利润率很高的消费品,所以较容易维持。与之类似,根据该亿万富翁调查,由于全球贸易经济在疫情中断后复苏,供应链恢复正常节奏,航运业亿万富翁也从中获利。报告补充称,俄乌战争后国防领域的富豪财富增加,因为军事装备的生产需求加大。

性别和代沟

亿万富翁的财富和规模可能有所波动,然而另一个方面仍然基本停滞。亿万富翁的性别差距仍然很大,年轻亿万富翁年龄段的女性比例较高一些。总体而言,亿万富翁里女性仅占12.5%,不过在50岁以下人群中,女性占17.9%。

“全球财富市场多元化、女性创业增加、公司文化(和董事会)态度转变缓慢,以及大笔财富代际转移的频率不断上升,都是背后的影响因素,” 该亿万富翁调查报告提到性别差距变化缓慢时表示。

不同年龄的亿万富翁赚钱的地区也是存在区别。三个年龄段(50岁以下、50-70岁和70岁以上)中最大头的行业都是银行和金融,不过最年轻的亿万富翁群体里第二大行业是科技。相比之下,科技行业在70岁及以上亿万富翁身处行业里甚至排不进前五。此外,工业集团在年龄较长的两个亿万富翁群体里排名第二,在年轻亿万富翁群体中也排不进前五。

从年长和年轻亿万富翁在行业方面的差异,可看出全世界最富有的人们赚取巨额财富方式的巨大转变。技术,尤其是随着人工智能出现,成为了新的赚钱手段,而工业集团之类传统行业似乎逐渐消失。在财富水平整体下降的大环境下,技术和其他财富新源泉的持久性仍有待观察。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

For the first time since 2018, the number of global billionaires fell last year as the war in Ukraine, surging inflation, and U.S./China strain caused worldwide economic volatility. The billionaire population slumped by 3.5% to 3,194 people, who lost $11.1 trillion in wealth, according to the annual billionaire census by data company Altrata. The census is based on data from the Wealth-X database, the world’s largest collection of research on the wealthy.

The slump comes after a surge in billionaire wealth in the first two years of the pandemic. From 2020–2021, the world’s top 1% gained $28 trillion in wealth, an Oxfam report found, and U.S. billionaires became a third richer. Part of this was because the stock market boomed in 2021 from low interest rates and high government spending.

But Wealth-X found that the total wealth of the billionaire population declined by 5.5% in 2022—the second-largest annual dip in a decade. North America, home to about a third of all billionaires, saw its share of the population drop by 2.3% to 1,011 individuals, while Asia saw the most dramatic decline of 7.1% to 835 individuals. Asian billionaires also lost the biggest chunk of their money in 2022, losing 9% of their total holdings. The only regions that saw growth in billionaire wealth last year were the Middle East (by 7.2%) and Latin America (by 4.4%).

But despite Asia’s overall decrease in billionaires, Singapore was the top-ranked city in billionaire population growth, adding 54 more people to its ranks in 2022. Billionaires are still concentrated in superstar cities, with New York, Hong Kong, and San Francisco boasting the highest numbers at 136, 112, and 84 billionaires, respectively.

Whether billionaires accrued or lost wealth last year differed greatly by industry, the report found. Those with technology, health care, or energy empires lost over 5% of their wealth, whereas aerospace, shipping, construction, and food and beverage tycoons generally got richer. Older billionaires also fared better than their younger counterparts, with those over 70 losing an average of just 2.2% of their assets, close to half the 5.5% average of the overall population.

Post-pandemic trends influenced the resilience or vulnerability of sectors, with food and beverage staying afloat as consumer staples with strong profit margins. Likewise, shipping billionaires benefited from the global trade economy recovering from pandemic disruption and supply chains falling back into regular rhythm, according to the census. It added that the war in Ukraine bolstered wealth for the defense sector, as it demanded increased production of military equipment.

Gender and generational gaps

Despite fluctuations in the wealth and size of the billionaire population, another aspect remains mostly stagnant. The gender disparity among billionaires is still wide, but the percentage of women is higher in the younger billionaire age brackets. Overall, women make up just 12.5% of all billionaires, but in the under-50 bracket, they make up 17.9%

“Diversifying global wealth markets, the growth in female entrepreneurship, slowly evolving cultural (and boardroom) attitudes, and the rising frequency of substantial inter-generational wealth transfers are all contributory factors,” the census said of the slow-changing gender split.

There’s also a difference in where billionaires of different ages made their money. While the biggest sector of all three age brackets (under 50, 50–70, and 70-plus) is banking and finance, the youngest group of billionaires’ second-biggest industry is technology. In comparison, technology doesn’t even rank among the top five industries of billionaires 70 and older. What’s more, the industry that ranked second among the two older brackets of billionaires—industrial conglomerates—is not present in the top five industries of young billionaires.

The difference between old and young billionaires’ industries signals a huge shift in how the world’s richest are making their billions. Technology, especially with the emergence of A.I., is the buzzy new moneymaker, while some traditional industries like conglomerates seem to be fading from the picture. In the context of the overall wealth decline, the durability of technology and other new wellsprings of wealth remains to be seen.

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