“婴儿潮”一代虽然名字里有“婴儿”二字,但他们在美国富人中所占比例巨大,在某种程度上已经变成了“富叔叔”。
疫情过后,最年长的婴儿潮一代(70岁以上,包括沉默的一代)看起来钱包鼓鼓。美联储(Federal Reserve)的最新数据显示,自2019年底至今,这一群体的财富增长了14万亿美元。据彭博社报道,这些老年人的人口占比只有11%,如同弱小的大卫一样,但他们在经济中却像歌利亚一样具有巨大的影响力。他们掌握着美国30%的财富,创历史纪录。
这相当于43.3万亿美元,是25年前的六倍。而相比之下,55岁以下人群的总财富同期仅增长了2.5倍。
此外,在疫情期间,70岁以上群体的家庭财富占比增长,但40至59岁年龄段(主要是X世代和较年轻的婴儿潮一代)的家庭财富占比却有所下降,现在已经低于2019年的水平。让人有些意外的是,40岁以下群体,即传统观念中经济上面临挑战的千禧一代和他们的Z世代后辈,财富占比在小幅提高之后在2022年趋于稳定。虽然他们的财富占比略高于2019年,但却依旧只有较年长的婴儿潮一代在1989年处于同龄时期的一半。
小部分人掌握了巨大的经济权力这个事实,暴露出美国社会严重的财富差距,这种差距在疫情期间不断扩大,尤其是在经济动荡和恶性通胀(虽然在不断降温)令美国人深感疲惫的一年。这也表明,婴儿潮一代在财富积累方面有强大的优势,而其他代际却没有这种好运。
现在的大多数年轻人在谈到经济的时候,典型的观点是依靠工资维持生计,但一些婴儿潮一代却摆脱了这种现实的束缚。一方面,婴儿潮一代的年龄意味着他们有更多时间去积攒财富。他们在成长过程中遇到了适合股票和房地产投资的经济环境,这在疫情期间终于带来了回报,因此他们的财富积累过程更容易。而且婴儿潮一代不仅寿命延长,工作年限也变得更长,他们继续赚钱养家,一方面可以维持储蓄水平,另一方面可以在生活成本高昂的时代保持竞争力。
年轻人的经济状况并不理想,但年长的婴儿潮一代大多处境不错
年长的婴儿潮一代经历了经济动荡,例如上世纪70年代的“大通胀”,但他们还是从经济中获得了很好的财富积累的机会。美国银行(Bank of America)的权五成(音译)主持发表的一篇研究报告显示,婴儿潮一代是过去40年美国政府129万亿美元“财富大转移”的最大受益者。
婴儿潮一代超过四分之一的财富与房地产等金融资产有关。婴儿潮一代进入房地产市场时,抵押贷款利率低至3%,比后辈进入市场的时机更佳。疫情爆发之后,美国房地产市场价值被高估,他们购买的房子房价暴涨;一些婴儿潮一代卖掉房子后获得巨额利润,然后再以全款买房,将首次购房者挤出市场。
彭博社引用的美联储的另一份数据显示,自2019年以来,年长的婴儿潮一代的股票投资规模高达5万亿美元。盖洛普(Gallup)4月的调查发现,在65岁以上的美国人中,有63%投资股票。而且2020年德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)的一份报告称,他们不需要为所投资公司的碳排放造成的环境破坏买单。这份报告还发现,这个群体在教育上的支出少于千禧一代。后者要背负惊人的学生债务。
难怪OnePoll受National Debt Relief委托开展的调查发现,大多数千禧一代和Z世代表示担心婴儿潮一代对他们未来经济状况的影响。毕竟,婴儿潮一代承受了把破碎的经济留给千禧一代的骂名。
当然,并非所有婴儿潮一代都有丰厚的财富。与任何一代人一样,婴儿潮一代当中同样存在代际财富差距;许多婴儿潮一代依旧生活拮据,当100万美元都不足以保证舒适的退休生活的时候,他们仍在艰难维持生计。虽然许多人有股票市场收益,但资产与股市挂钩,也让许多人更容易受到市场下跌的冲击。
因此一些人选择了不退休或推迟退休。皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的最新数据显示,过去35年,仍在工作的65岁及以上的美国人占比几乎翻了一番,达到近20%。该机构调查发现,这些老年上班族的收入高于前辈们同龄时的收入,这可以帮助他们增加财富。但在疫情初期,大批人员离开劳动力队伍,退休人员比预期增加200万人。
退休者数量如此庞大,而美国的退休系统仍没有能力应对他们的退出。日益衰老的婴儿潮一代,无论离开劳动力队伍还是离开这个世界,都将产生巨大的连锁反应。毕竟,他们掌握了美国近三分之一的财富。(财富中文网)
翻译:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
“婴儿潮”一代虽然名字里有“婴儿”二字,但他们在美国富人中所占比例巨大,在某种程度上已经变成了“富叔叔”。
疫情过后,最年长的婴儿潮一代(70岁以上,包括沉默的一代)看起来钱包鼓鼓。美联储(Federal Reserve)的最新数据显示,自2019年底至今,这一群体的财富增长了14万亿美元。据彭博社报道,这些老年人的人口占比只有11%,如同弱小的大卫一样,但他们在经济中却像歌利亚一样具有巨大的影响力。他们掌握着美国30%的财富,创历史纪录。
这相当于43.3万亿美元,是25年前的六倍。而相比之下,55岁以下人群的总财富同期仅增长了2.5倍。
此外,在疫情期间,70岁以上群体的家庭财富占比增长,但40至59岁年龄段(主要是X世代和较年轻的婴儿潮一代)的家庭财富占比却有所下降,现在已经低于2019年的水平。让人有些意外的是,40岁以下群体,即传统观念中经济上面临挑战的千禧一代和他们的Z世代后辈,财富占比在小幅提高之后在2022年趋于稳定。虽然他们的财富占比略高于2019年,但却依旧只有较年长的婴儿潮一代在1989年处于同龄时期的一半。
小部分人掌握了巨大的经济权力这个事实,暴露出美国社会严重的财富差距,这种差距在疫情期间不断扩大,尤其是在经济动荡和恶性通胀(虽然在不断降温)令美国人深感疲惫的一年。这也表明,婴儿潮一代在财富积累方面有强大的优势,而其他代际却没有这种好运。
现在的大多数年轻人在谈到经济的时候,典型的观点是依靠工资维持生计,但一些婴儿潮一代却摆脱了这种现实的束缚。一方面,婴儿潮一代的年龄意味着他们有更多时间去积攒财富。他们在成长过程中遇到了适合股票和房地产投资的经济环境,这在疫情期间终于带来了回报,因此他们的财富积累过程更容易。而且婴儿潮一代不仅寿命延长,工作年限也变得更长,他们继续赚钱养家,一方面可以维持储蓄水平,另一方面可以在生活成本高昂的时代保持竞争力。
年轻人的经济状况并不理想,但年长的婴儿潮一代大多处境不错
年长的婴儿潮一代经历了经济动荡,例如上世纪70年代的“大通胀”,但他们还是从经济中获得了很好的财富积累的机会。美国银行(Bank of America)的权五成(音译)主持发表的一篇研究报告显示,婴儿潮一代是过去40年美国政府129万亿美元“财富大转移”的最大受益者。
婴儿潮一代超过四分之一的财富与房地产等金融资产有关。婴儿潮一代进入房地产市场时,抵押贷款利率低至3%,比后辈进入市场的时机更佳。疫情爆发之后,美国房地产市场价值被高估,他们购买的房子房价暴涨;一些婴儿潮一代卖掉房子后获得巨额利润,然后再以全款买房,将首次购房者挤出市场。
彭博社引用的美联储的另一份数据显示,自2019年以来,年长的婴儿潮一代的股票投资规模高达5万亿美元。盖洛普(Gallup)4月的调查发现,在65岁以上的美国人中,有63%投资股票。而且2020年德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)的一份报告称,他们不需要为所投资公司的碳排放造成的环境破坏买单。这份报告还发现,这个群体在教育上的支出少于千禧一代。后者要背负惊人的学生债务。
难怪OnePoll受National Debt Relief委托开展的调查发现,大多数千禧一代和Z世代表示担心婴儿潮一代对他们未来经济状况的影响。毕竟,婴儿潮一代承受了把破碎的经济留给千禧一代的骂名。
当然,并非所有婴儿潮一代都有丰厚的财富。与任何一代人一样,婴儿潮一代当中同样存在代际财富差距;许多婴儿潮一代依旧生活拮据,当100万美元都不足以保证舒适的退休生活的时候,他们仍在艰难维持生计。虽然许多人有股票市场收益,但资产与股市挂钩,也让许多人更容易受到市场下跌的冲击。
因此一些人选择了不退休或推迟退休。皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的最新数据显示,过去35年,仍在工作的65岁及以上的美国人占比几乎翻了一番,达到近20%。该机构调查发现,这些老年上班族的收入高于前辈们同龄时的收入,这可以帮助他们增加财富。但在疫情初期,大批人员离开劳动力队伍,退休人员比预期增加200万人。
退休者数量如此庞大,而美国的退休系统仍没有能力应对他们的退出。日益衰老的婴儿潮一代,无论离开劳动力队伍还是离开这个世界,都将产生巨大的连锁反应。毕竟,他们掌握了美国近三分之一的财富。(财富中文网)
翻译:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
Despite their moniker, “baby” boomers account for an oversized amount of America’s riches, having become somewhat of a Monopoly Man.
The wallets of the oldest boomers (those over 70, a group that also includes members of the Silent Generation) are looking pretty plump post-pandemic. New Federal Reserve data shows that the cohort has become $14 trillion richer since 2019 came to a close. These seniors might be a David-sized representative of the population at 11% but they make up a Goliath-sized footprint in our economy, holding 30% of the country’s wealth—a record, Bloomberg reports.
That’s equivalent to $43.3 trillion, six times what it was 25 years ago. The total wealth for those under 55 pales in comparison, only 2.5 times bigger during the same time frame.
What’s more: As the share of the country’s household wealth for the 70-plus age group rose during the pandemic, it declined for those ages 40 to 59 (mainly Gen Xers and younger boomers)—it’s now smaller than it was in 2019. Somewhat surprisingly, it increased slightly before leveling off in 2022 for the under 40 age group—the stereotypical economically challenged millennials and their Gen Z successors. While their share is slightly higher than what it was in 2019, it’s still half of what it was for this group in 1989—when older boomers were their age.
The fact that such a small group of individuals makes up such a pronounced amount of economic power exposes the overwhelming wealth disparity that has grown during the pandemic, especially during a year where Americans feel an overwhelming sense of fatigue from a volatile economy and persistent (though cooling) inflation. It’s also indicative of the strong leg up boomers had in their wealth building journey, which other generations weren’t lucky enough to have.
While most of today’s youth speaks of an economy marked by working paycheck-to-paycheck, some boomers have escaped its claws. For one thing, their age means they’ve simply had more time to build wealth. But that was a lot easier to do when they grew up in an economy prime for investing in stocks and real estate, which ultimately paid off during the pandemic. And this group isn’t just living longer, they’re also working longer and continuing to bring home the bread, partly to sustain their nest egg and remain competitive during a a high cost of living era.
The kids might not be alright, but elder boomers mostly are
While older boomers have weathered their own economic turmoil, like the Great Inflation of the 1970s, the economy set them up pretty nicely for wealth accumulation. They were the biggest beneficiary of a $129 trillion “massive wealth transfer” from the government over the past 40 years, according to a Bank of America Research note led by Ohsung Kwon.
Just over a quarter of that wealth is tied up in financial assets like real estate. Boomers entered the housing market at a more opportune time than younger generations, thanks to a low 3% mortgage rate. When the pandemic rolled around, the houses they bought soared in value amid an overpriced housing market; some boomers sold for a huge profit and bought another house, edging out first-time homebuyers with all-cash offers.
Separate Fed data, cited by Bloomberg, also shows that older boomers have accumulated $5 trillion since 2019 in equity. Sixty-three percent of Americans over age 65 have money in stocks, a Gallup poll from April finds. And they won’t have to pay for the environmental damage caused by the carbon emission-releasing companies they invested in, per a 2020 Deutsche Bank report. The same reports finds they also spent less on education than millennials, who are dealing with staggering student debt.
No wonder most millennials and Gen Zers feel concerned about boomers influence on their financial future, per a survey by OnePoll on behalf of National Debt Relief. Boomers, after all, have borne the brunt of backlash for leaving millennials with a broken economy.
Of course, not all boomers are faring well. As with any generation, there’s an intergenerational wealth gap; many boomers are still living in poverty as they struggle to stay afloat during a time when a $1 million is no longer enough to comfortably retire on. And even though many have seen stock market gains, having assets tied up in the market has also left many more exposed to downturn.
That’s prompting some to unretire or delay retirement. The share of Americans 65 and older who are still employed has almost doubled since 35 years ago, reaching almost 20% of the cohort, per new Pew Research Center data. It found that they are earning more than previous generations at their age, helping to grow their wealth. Still, though, there are 2 million more retirees than expected after an early pandemic exodus from the workforce.
But the cohort is simply so big and our nation’s retirement system remains woefully ill-equipped to deal with their exit. Whether it be from the workforce or the world, aging elder boomers could leave a massive ripple effect when they depart. They’re worth almost a third of the wealth, after all.