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感染新冠或流感后,多吃这七种食品可以提升免疫力

Alexa Mikhail
2024-01-18

少食多餐和保持水分摄入有助于缓解症状。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和缓解不适。

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喝花草茶有助于保持水分,缓解喉咙疼痛。图片来源:OLGA ROLENKO—GETTY IMAGES

每到新年,人们通常不只是制定新年计划。这也是疾病高发的季节。

无论感染新冠、流感还是普通感冒,都会令人感到非常不舒服。这些疾病会引起发炎,导致喉咙疼痛、脑雾、关节痛、头痛和鼻塞等症状。你或许会变得没有胃口或者没有精力做饭,但少食多餐和保持水分摄入有助于缓解症状。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和缓解不适。

克利夫兰医学中心(Cleveland Clinic)的人类营养学中心(Center for Human Nutrition)的注册营养师贝丝·切尔沃尼对《财富》杂志表示:“如果我们希望提升免疫力,或者只是想要缓解一些症状,食物真的具有食疗的效果。”

以下是感觉不适后最适合食用的食物(不需要太多准备):

1. 汤

暖汤一碗可慰人心,而研究显示,在生病时喝汤能够让你感觉更舒服。鸡汤可以减少感冒和流感导致的炎症,也是很好的蛋白质来源,能够帮助人体保持强壮和营养充足。一项研究发现,鸡汤可以缓解上呼吸道感染在喉咙和鼻窦部位导致的症状。

汤中的钠具有消炎的作用,尤其有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。任何一种汤都能够发挥相同的效果。如果你对更油腻或味道更重的食物没有胃口,简单地喝点汤就可以提供人体所需的卡路里。汤还有助于补充水分,而且汤中含有抗氧化剂。

添加洋葱、羽衣甘蓝、西兰花和其他绿叶蔬菜,都可以丰富汤中的营养成分。甘薯、南瓜和胡萝卜富含贝塔胡萝卜素,也具有消炎的功效。

2. 茶

生病之后的重中之重是保持人体水分。麻省总医院(Mass General Hospital)的儿科传染病临床主任万达娜·马德哈万博士告诉《财富》杂志,脱水是患者尤其是儿童住院的主要原因。花草茶能够取代果汁、苏打水等经过高度精炼的含糖饮料,或者含咖啡因的饮料,后者实际上会导致人体脱水。

热茶是一种天然的解充血药,有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。如果你大量出汗,或者感觉头晕,你就必须大量饮水,水分摄入量要超过日常水平。在休息时身边放一杯或一瓶茶,并不断喝水。

可以在茶中添加一些柠檬或橘子,有助于消炎。

3. 香料

肉桂、小豆蔻、姜和姜黄等香料,都具有积极的健康效果。

家庭医生、Unlimited Health Institute(提供虚拟就诊和预约)的创始人塔米卡·亨利博士表示,姜尤其有助于缓解恶心。还记得小时候得流感的时候,被告知要喝姜汁汽水吗?亨利称,可以在茶、汤或米饭中添加香料。

姜黄也有助于缓解肠胃问题,例如胃痉挛和腹泻等,切尔沃尼表示食用姜黄“实际上能够起到一些缓解症状的作用”。

姜、小豆蔻和肉桂都具有消炎功效,有助于缓解喉咙疼痛和其他上呼吸道症状。辣椒粉有助于打开鼻窦和消化系统(但她建议在流鼻涕时应该限制食用辣椒粉)。

4. 蜂蜜

蜂蜜可以缓解咳嗽,而且有研究显示,蜂蜜能够降低咳嗽的严重性和频率。马德哈万说,可以将蜂蜜添加到茶或温水中,或者在睡前吃一勺蜂蜜,而且对于年龄太小不适合服用止咳药的儿童,蜂蜜是一种很好的替代选择。但绝对不能让不足1岁的婴儿食用蜂蜜。

克利夫兰医学中心表示,产自麦卢卡树的麦卢卡蜂蜜含有甲基乙二醛(MGO)化合物,具有强大的抗菌消炎效果。

5. 柑橘类水果

橙子、苹果和葡萄柚等水果富含维生素C,有益于骨骼、肌肉和血液组织,而且可以提升免疫力。而且这些水果的含水量较高,因此也有助于补充水分。(橙子80%以上是水。)还有一些证据证明,维生素C有助于缩短感冒的持续时间。

如果你肠胃不适,柑橘类水果中的高酸度成分,可能令症状恶化。

6. 发酵食品

德国泡菜、韩国泡菜、酸奶、牛奶酒和康普茶等发酵食品中富含益生菌,能够促进消化,可以消灭令患者感觉不适的病原体。The Vitamin Shoppe的注册营养师布里塔尼·米歇尔斯表示,这些益生菌在消化系统中能够分解复杂的食物,尤其有助于肠道菌群多样化,这对于维持健康的免疫系统至关重要。

7. 冰棒或冰淇淋

保持水分尤其对儿童至关重要。马德哈万称,给孩子吃冰棒或冰淇淋有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。尤其是当儿童拒绝更多全食食品时,冰棒或冰淇淋可以发挥作用。

重要的是无需费力就能够获得食物和饮料的营养和缓解症状的效果。平时家里可以准备一些罐头浓汤和茶,这样当你感觉不适时,不用出门就能够摄取这些食物。如果你特别偏爱一些让自己感到舒服的食物,你当然也可以平时多多储备。马德哈万表示,选择在短期内对你或你的孩子最容易的方式。关键在于:保持水分,频繁摄入食物,并优先考虑富含营养物质的食物。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

每到新年,人们通常不只是制定新年计划。这也是疾病高发的季节。

无论感染新冠、流感还是普通感冒,都会令人感到非常不舒服。这些疾病会引起发炎,导致喉咙疼痛、脑雾、关节痛、头痛和鼻塞等症状。你或许会变得没有胃口或者没有精力做饭,但少食多餐和保持水分摄入有助于缓解症状。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和缓解不适。

克利夫兰医学中心(Cleveland Clinic)的人类营养学中心(Center for Human Nutrition)的注册营养师贝丝·切尔沃尼对《财富》杂志表示:“如果我们希望提升免疫力,或者只是想要缓解一些症状,食物真的具有食疗的效果。”

以下是感觉不适后最适合食用的食物(不需要太多准备):

1. 汤

暖汤一碗可慰人心,而研究显示,在生病时喝汤能够让你感觉更舒服。鸡汤可以减少感冒和流感导致的炎症,也是很好的蛋白质来源,能够帮助人体保持强壮和营养充足。一项研究发现,鸡汤可以缓解上呼吸道感染在喉咙和鼻窦部位导致的症状。

汤中的钠具有消炎的作用,尤其有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。任何一种汤都能够发挥相同的效果。如果你对更油腻或味道更重的食物没有胃口,简单地喝点汤就可以提供人体所需的卡路里。汤还有助于补充水分,而且汤中含有抗氧化剂。

添加洋葱、羽衣甘蓝、西兰花和其他绿叶蔬菜,都可以丰富汤中的营养成分。甘薯、南瓜和胡萝卜富含贝塔胡萝卜素,也具有消炎的功效。

2. 茶

生病之后的重中之重是保持人体水分。麻省总医院(Mass General Hospital)的儿科传染病临床主任万达娜·马德哈万博士告诉《财富》杂志,脱水是患者尤其是儿童住院的主要原因。花草茶能够取代果汁、苏打水等经过高度精炼的含糖饮料,或者含咖啡因的饮料,后者实际上会导致人体脱水。

热茶是一种天然的解充血药,有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。如果你大量出汗,或者感觉头晕,你就必须大量饮水,水分摄入量要超过日常水平。在休息时身边放一杯或一瓶茶,并不断喝水。

可以在茶中添加一些柠檬或橘子,有助于消炎。

3. 香料

肉桂、小豆蔻、姜和姜黄等香料,都具有积极的健康效果。

家庭医生、Unlimited Health Institute(提供虚拟就诊和预约)的创始人塔米卡·亨利博士表示,姜尤其有助于缓解恶心。还记得小时候得流感的时候,被告知要喝姜汁汽水吗?亨利称,可以在茶、汤或米饭中添加香料。

姜黄也有助于缓解肠胃问题,例如胃痉挛和腹泻等,切尔沃尼表示食用姜黄“实际上能够起到一些缓解症状的作用”。

姜、小豆蔻和肉桂都具有消炎功效,有助于缓解喉咙疼痛和其他上呼吸道症状。辣椒粉有助于打开鼻窦和消化系统(但她建议在流鼻涕时应该限制食用辣椒粉)。

4. 蜂蜜

蜂蜜可以缓解咳嗽,而且有研究显示,蜂蜜能够降低咳嗽的严重性和频率。马德哈万说,可以将蜂蜜添加到茶或温水中,或者在睡前吃一勺蜂蜜,而且对于年龄太小不适合服用止咳药的儿童,蜂蜜是一种很好的替代选择。但绝对不能让不足1岁的婴儿食用蜂蜜。

克利夫兰医学中心表示,产自麦卢卡树的麦卢卡蜂蜜含有甲基乙二醛(MGO)化合物,具有强大的抗菌消炎效果。

5. 柑橘类水果

橙子、苹果和葡萄柚等水果富含维生素C,有益于骨骼、肌肉和血液组织,而且可以提升免疫力。而且这些水果的含水量较高,因此也有助于补充水分。(橙子80%以上是水。)还有一些证据证明,维生素C有助于缩短感冒的持续时间。

如果你肠胃不适,柑橘类水果中的高酸度成分,可能令症状恶化。

6. 发酵食品

德国泡菜、韩国泡菜、酸奶、牛奶酒和康普茶等发酵食品中富含益生菌,能够促进消化,可以消灭令患者感觉不适的病原体。The Vitamin Shoppe的注册营养师布里塔尼·米歇尔斯表示,这些益生菌在消化系统中能够分解复杂的食物,尤其有助于肠道菌群多样化,这对于维持健康的免疫系统至关重要。

7. 冰棒或冰淇淋

保持水分尤其对儿童至关重要。马德哈万称,给孩子吃冰棒或冰淇淋有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。尤其是当儿童拒绝更多全食食品时,冰棒或冰淇淋可以发挥作用。

重要的是无需费力就能够获得食物和饮料的营养和缓解症状的效果。平时家里可以准备一些罐头浓汤和茶,这样当你感觉不适时,不用出门就能够摄取这些食物。如果你特别偏爱一些让自己感到舒服的食物,你当然也可以平时多多储备。马德哈万表示,选择在短期内对你或你的孩子最容易的方式。关键在于:保持水分,频繁摄入食物,并优先考虑富含营养物质的食物。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

The New Year typically brings more than resolutions. It’s also the season of getting sick.

Being sick, whether with COVID, the flu, or the common cold, is downright uncomfortable. These illnesses cause inflammation in the body, and may lead to sore throat, brain fog, joint pain, headache, and congestion, among other symptoms. You may not have much of an appetite nor the energy to cook, but eating small, frequent meals and staying hydrated can help. Certain foods can especially help fight off the inflammation and relieve discomfort.

“Food really can be medicine, when we’re looking at how to improve immunity, or just release some of our symptoms,” Beth Czerwony, a registered dietitian with Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition, tells Fortune.

Here are some of the best foods to eat when you’re feeling sick (that require little prep):

1. Soup

Soup is warm and comforting, but research shows it might actually make you feel better when you’re sick. Chicken soup can help reduce inflammation from colds and flu, and is also a good source of protein—helping your body stay strong and nourished. One study found it may reduce the severity of symptoms from upper respiratory infections, which affect the throat and sinuses.

Soup is especially helpful for sore throats because of the anti-inflammatory properties of the sodium content. Any broth can do the trick. When you don’t have an appetite for something heavier or more flavorful, simply sipping on broth provides some of the calories you need. Soups can also help you stay hydrated, and are packed with antioxidants.

Adding in onions, kale, broccoli, and other leafy green vegetables to the soup will bolster the nutrient content. Sweet potato, pumpkin, and carrots are high in beta-carotene which also has anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Tea

The number one priority when you’re sick is to hydrate. Dehydration is a prime reason sick people, especially children, end up in the hospital, Dr. Vandana Madhavan, clinical director of pediatric infectious disease at Mass General Hospital tells Fortune. Herbal tea is a good alternative to highly refined sugary drinks, like juice and soda, or caffeinated drinks which can actually dehydrate the system.

Hot tea is also a natural decongestant and can help soothe a sore throat. If you’re sweating profusely or feeling light headed, you will need more liquids than you usually drink. Keep a cup or bottle next to you as you rest and consistently drink from it.

Consider adding some lemon or orange to your tea, which can help fight inflammation.

3. Spices

Spices, such as cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, and turmeric are all touted for their positive health effects.

Ginger in particular is beneficial when feeling nauseous because it can help the gut by speeding up digestion, says Dr. Tamika Henry, a family physician and founder of Unlimited Health Institute, which offers virtual consultations and appointments. Remember being told to drink ginger ale when you had the flu as a kid? Consider adding the spice to tea, soup, or rice, Henry says.

Tumeric can also help with gastrointestinal issues like stomach cramping and diarrhea, and Czerwony says “you can actually have a little bit more symptom relief” when consuming it.

Ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon also have anti-inflammatory properties that may help with a sore throat and other upper respiratory symptoms. Cayenne pepper can help open your sinuses and digestion (although she recommends limiting cayenne if you have a runny nose).

4. Honey

Honey can act as a cough suppressant, and research shows it can reduce the severity and frequency of a cough. Consider putting it in tea, warm water, or even taking a teaspoon before bed, Madhavan says, adding that it’s a good alternative for kids who are too young for cough medicine. However you should never give honey to babies under age one.

Manuka honey, nectar specifically derived from the manuka tree, has particularly strong anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects due to a compound called methylglyoxal (MGO), per the Cleveland Clinic.

5. Citrus fruits

Fruits like oranges, apples, and grapefruit are rich in vitamin C, which supports bones, muscles and blood vessels, and can help boost the immune system. They are also hydrating because of their high water content. (Oranges are over 80% water.) There’s also some evidence that vitamin C can help shorten the duration of a cold.

If you have an upset stomach, the high acidity content of citrus fruits may make the symptoms worse.

6. Fermented foods

Fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, yogurt, kefir, and kombucha contain probiotics or the good bacteria that can improve digestion and can fight off pathogens in charge of making you feel sick. They can help break down complex foods in your digestive system and specifically help diversify the gut microbiome, which is essential in maintaining a healthy immune system, says Brittany Michels, a registered dietician with The Vitamin Shoppe.

7. Popsicles or ice cream

Especially for children, hydration remains key. Give them a popsicle or ice cream, which can soothe a throat, Madhavan says. They’re especially helpful if kids are refusing to eat more whole foods.

It’s important to get the nutrients and soothing qualities of foods and beverages without having to put too much effort in. Have canned soup on hand and teas in the cabinet to make your home a one-stop shop when you’re feeling down. It’s also perfectly fine to lean on a comfort food if that’s what you crave. Choose what is easiest for you or your child in the short term, Madhavan says. The bottom line: stay hydrated, eat frequent meals you enjoy, and prioritize foods packed with nutrients.

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