房价正在飙升的10个地方
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香港 中国内地的巨富们正在一窝蜂地拥向香港。这并非由于香港是世界商业和贸易中心，而是由于香港拥有世界最受欢迎房地产。 由于香港只有426平方英里，人多地少，因此需求相对较大，而供给紧张 。这就解释了为什么去年香港的房价要比世界其他国家和地区增长得更快。这也使购买这些昂贵住房的借贷成本降到了创纪录的新低。自从2008年12月以来，香港的基准利率一直在20年来最低的0.5%左右徘徊。 但为了抗击通胀，香港政府一直在试图给房地产市场降温。去年11月，官方采取了最严厉的调控房市的举措，对两年之内被转售的房地产加征了最高15%的交易附加费，并且提高了高端地产交易的首付限额。 拉脱维亚 想成为欧盟的居民吗？那就在这个波罗的海小国买套房子吧。 在全球经济危机期间，拉脱维亚的房价是全世界跌幅最大的，达到了令人难以置信的70%。不过现在该国的房价已经有了很大的反弹，这在一定程度上要归功于拉脱维亚2010年7月通过的一项新法案。该法案规定，如果非欧盟公民购买了价值70000欧元（约为93000美元）以上的房地产，或者在该国投资经商，就可以获得欧盟居留权。 这个法案并不意味着在拉脱维亚买了房的外国投资者可以在欧洲其他国家工作。不过这些房主却可以自由往来欧盟的申根（Schengen）地区。申根地区包括了德国和希腊等25个欧盟成员国。 以色列 别去美国南塔基特岛了，去以色列度假吧。 以色列已经成了世界最热门的房地产市场之一。从特拉维夫海滩的高楼大厦，到耶路撒冷市中心，以色列的房地产需求在很大程度上是由从北非和欧洲来此度假的犹太人带动起来的。和其他增长强劲的房地产市场一样，以色列的房地产市场也是由于房产供给的短缺和利率的创纪录新低而被炒得火热。 到目前为止，以色列并未遭受像美国和欧洲部分国家那样的房地产崩盘，这主要是由于在2008年之前，以色列未曾经历过信贷激增。但这并不表示以色列政府不担心房地产崩盘的可能。以色列政府一直在试图通过提高借贷成本、对某些贷款施加更严格的控制等方式，引导房地产市场实现软着陆。 中国 想找个地方储存你的财富，甚至赚到不错的利润吗？ 成百上千万的中国人正在拼命买房，美国购买者也一度出现过这样的热情。对于许多中国中产阶层来说，摆在面前的投资渠道不多，相比之下，购买住房就成了储存财富的一个较好的选择。虽然2008年的金融危机让许多国家深受打击，但中国的房地产市场事实上几乎未受影响。 不过现在可以说中国的房价已经达到了泡沫的范畴，中国政府一直对此保持高度警惕。从提高二套房的最低首付额，到今年上海和重庆开征房产税，官方密集出手冷却市场。虽然中国央行今年已经两次大幅加息，并提高了购买多套住房者的抵押贷款利率，但房价何去何从仍然有待观察——究竟是软着陆，还是灾难性的崩盘，抑或是二者之间的某种可能？ 新加坡 这个东南亚小国在2008至2009年间也遭受了全球经济危机的打击，但由于新加坡政府通过经济刺激方案，为经济注入大量资本，因而该国1820亿美元的国民经济得以相对较快地复苏。 不仅商业和贸易重新反弹，房价也再度飙升到了令人警惕的高度。官方担忧房价已经涨得太高了。政府一直在试图控制投机性交易。今年早些时候，新加坡提高了第二套房按揭的首付要求，并且延长了房主为免付销售税所需持有房产的时间。 奥地利 全球金融危机期间，奥地利这一文化与金融热点国家也没能逃过一劫。不过到2010年，奥地利经济相对来说反弹较快。奥地利的失业率只有4.8%，比起欧洲部分国家的就业市场要乐观得多。 房地产市场是总体经济的反映，奥地利的房地产价格也出现了反弹，这要部分归功于机构投资人的需求。 法国 巴黎一直因时尚、美食和全民医保制度而闻名于世。不过不要忘了，巴黎也有一些全世界最昂贵的房地产。 法国的房价已经出现了激增，这在很大程度上要归功于超低的利率和巴黎繁荣的房地产市场。据法国不动产经纪人及销售代理人联合会（FNAIM）指出，尽管2010年法国各地的平均房价只上涨了1.5%，但巴黎地区的房价却飙升了15.7%。 不过房价可能在未来有所软化。上个月，法国央行行长克里斯蒂安•诺耶尔警告道，随着欧元区的利率升高，使借贷成本变得更高，法国房价可能难免遭到调整 。 印度 在这个迅速增长的经济体中，似乎永远没有足够的住房能满足印度日益增长的人口的需要。 印度的人均收入近年来出现了显著增长。而且由于住房需求超过了供给，印度的住房价格，尤其是孟买的住房价格也出现了激增。印度政府担心房地产市场出现过热，因此今年一月，印度央行将基准利率提高到了两年来的最高水平。 创纪录的高房价和高利率可能会冷却购房者的热情，也可能促使开发商削低要价。但效果究竟如何，还有待观察。 波兰 如果说总体GDP反映了一个国家的总体房地产市场，那么波兰的房价增长也就不足为奇了。 虽然波兰总体上仍然穷于其他欧盟国家，不过在经济危机期间，波兰是欧盟中唯一一个保持了经济正增长的国家（波兰于2004年加入欧盟）。《经济学人》（The Economist）杂志指出，这在某种程度是种碰巧。波兰政府将房地产繁荣保持在可控水平，严格的监管也限制了各大银行的借贷，尤其是外币借贷。 2010年，随着住房价格的激增，波兰的经济增长率比前年增长了一倍多，达到了3.8%。经济增长在相当程度上与企业重建库存有关，不过鉴于就业和工资水平的提高，更高的消费者需求也是一个驱动因素。 丹麦 尽管欧洲部分地区仍在为日益增长的债务问题而头痛，但丹麦的财政状况仍然是欧盟国家中最强劲的。 在全球经济危机爆发前，丹麦就经历了一轮房地产繁荣。随后泡沫迅速破裂，房价在2008年和2009年间急剧下跌。 由于政府出台了刺激计划，丹麦经济已经出现了一定的恢复。与此同时，房价也出现了反弹。不过这种情况也许不会持续太久。欧洲央行本月早些时候提高了利率，这还是近三年来的首次。更高的借贷成本可能会让一些购房者望而却步。 本文援引价格数据来自莱坊环球房地产价格指数（Knight Frank Global House Price Index）。 译者：朴成奎 |
Hong Kong Uber-rich Mainland Chinese business owners have been flocking to Hong Kong, and it's not just because it's the world's business and trade center. It also has some of the world's most sought-after real estate. While demand is relatively high, supply is tight, given that this densely populated region spans only about 426 square miles. That explains why prices have risen faster than other country in the world in the past year. It also helps that borrowing costs to pay for these super-expensive homes is at record lows. Since December 2008, the base interest rate has hovered at a two-decade low of 0.5%. But Hong Kong's government has been trying to quiet the real estate party, as part of its ongoing effort to fight inflation. In November, officials took its toughest steps by imposing an additional transaction fee of up to 15% on properties that are resold within two years. They have also required higher down payments for high-end home purchases. Latvia Want to become a resident of the European Union? Just buy property in this Baltic State. During the global recession, Latvia saw the world's largest fall in home prices, dropping an incredible 70%. But the market has bounced back in a big way, partly driven by a fairly new law (effective July 2010) that gives EU residency rights to non-EU citizens who buy property worth at least 70,000 euros (or $93,000) or invest in a business here. That doesn't mean foreign investors are permitted to work in the rest of Europe. However, property owners can roam freely within Germany, Greece and 23 other countries that make up the EU's Schengen area. Israel Skip Nantucket. Let's vacation in Israel. Israel has become one of the hottest real estate markets in the world. From Tel Aviv's beachside high-rise condos to the heart of Jerusalem, much of the demand has been coming from North American and European Jews in search of vacation homes. Similar to many other robust real estate markets, Israel's housing market is fueled by a shortage of properties and record low interest rates. So far, Israel has dodged a housing market crash like the ones in the U.S. and parts of Europe mostly because it didn't experience the same credit booms in the years leading up to 2008. But that doesn't mean Israel's government isn't worried about it. Officials have been trying to bring the market boom to a soft landing by raising borrowing costs and putting tighter restrictions on some loans. China Need somewhere to store your wealth and maybe even make a healthy profit? Millions of Chinese have been buying up homes with the same enthusiasm once common among U.S. home buyers. With few investment options for many middle class Chinese, residential properties have become a great option to store wealth. Even while the global financial crisis in 2008 gripped many nations, China's housing market was virtually unaffected. But home prices have arguably reached bubble territory and China's government has been on high alert. Officials have intensified efforts to cool the market -- from raising the minimum down payment for second-home purchases to levying taxes on residences in Shanghai and Chongqing this year. Even while China's central bank hiked interest rates twice this year and raised mortgage rates for multiple home buyers, it remains to be seen where prices will go -- a soft landing, a disastrous crash or perhaps somewhere in between? Singapore This island country in Southeast Asia felt the pains of the 2008-2009 global recession, but its $182 billion economy bounced back relatively quickly as Singapore's government flushed the country with capital from the stimulus package. Not only has business and trade rebounded, but home prices have surged to the point where government officials worry that prices might be rising too much. Singapore has been trying to curb speculative buyers -- earlier this year, it raised down payment requirements for second mortgages and extended the period homeowners must hold properties to avoid a sales tax. Austria This cultural and financial hot spot underwent a sharp recession in 2009 during the global financial crisis. But Austria's economy bounced back relatively quickly by 2010. With unemployment at 4.8%, Austria's job market is nowhere near as grim as in some parts of Europe. And with the housing market as a reflection of the overall economy, home prices have rebounded, partly driven by demand from institutional investors. France Paris has long been known for stylish people, delicious cuisine and universal health care. And let's not forget some of the priciest real estate in the world. Home prices have surged in France, thanks largely to the thriving real estate market in Paris amid ultra-low interest rates. While prices across France on average rose only 1.5% in 2010, prices in the Paris area skyrocketed 15.7% according to the national residential real-estate broker's lobby FNAIM. But prices could soften some in the future. Last month, Bank of France Governor Christian Noyer warned prices could be in for a correction as euro area interest rates rise, making the cost of borrowing higher. India In this rapidly growing economy, it seems there may never be enough homes to house the expanding population. Incomes here have risen considerably in recent years. And home prices, especially in Mumbai, have surged as demand for residential properties outpace supply. But India's government has been worried that the market might be too hot. In January, its central bank raised the benchmark interest rate to a two-year high. It remains to be seen how record prices and high interest rates could discourage buyers and possibly compel developers to cut their asking price. Poland If overall GDP is any reflection of the overall housing market, then it may be no surprise that prices in Poland have been rising. During the economic downturn, it was the only country in the European Union (which it joined in 2004) that maintained positive economic growth, although the country on average was still poorer than other EU countries. As The Economist suggests, this was partly coincidental. Poland's government kept the property boom in check and banks operated under tough regulations that restrained borrowing, primarily in foreign currency. In 2010, as home prices surged, Poland's economic growth rate more than doubled over the previous year to 3.8%. Much of the growth had to do with companies rebuilding inventory, but it was also driven by higher consumer demand as employment and wages improved. Denmark Though parts of Europe are dealing with growing debt problems, Denmark's fiscal position has remained among the strongest in the European Union. The country experienced a housing market boom in the years leading up to the global financial crisis, but that bubble burst all too suddenly with prices dropping steeply in 2008 and 2009. Denmark's economy has recovered modestly, thanks partly to government stimulus. And with that, home prices have rebounded. But maybe not for long. The European Central Bank earlier this month raised interest rates for the first time in nearly three years, which could deter some homebuyers who might scoff at the thought of higher borrowing costs. Pricing data is from Knight Frank Global House Price Index |
