谷歌的九大反垄断战役

    导火索

    上周，美国联邦贸易委员会（Federal Trade Commission，FTC）结束了对谷歌（Google）搜索业务的调查。到目前为止，谷歌所面临的最严重的反垄断调查宣告结束。不过，这并不是谷歌第一次遭受美国监管部门的反垄断调查，也肯定不会是最后一次。欧洲和其他地区的反垄断调查仍然对谷歌的搜索业务穷追不舍。在过去四年中，谷歌与FTC或美国司法部（Department of Justice）已就竞争问题至少进行过九次交锋。其中有五分之四的情况，美国司法部破坏了谷歌的交易，或者采取了强制措施。而FTC在大多数调查中都做出了支持谷歌的决定。下面就来看看谷歌遭遇的几场硬仗。

    （说明：标注日期是指调查结束的时间或与调查相关的活动开始的时间。）

    Casus belli

    Last week, the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation of Google's search business. That ends the most significant antitrust probe the company has faced so far. But it's not the first time Google has come under the scrutiny of antitrust regulators in the United States, nor is it likely to be the last. Google, whose search business is still the subject of antitrust inquiries in Europe and elsewhere, has tangled with the FTC or the Department of Justice over competition matters at least nine times in the last four years. In four out of five cases, the DOJ derailed a deal or brought an enforcement action. The FTC cleared Google in a majority of its investigations. Here's a look at some of the company's biggest hurdles.

    (NB: Dates indicate when the investigation closed or action related to the investigation took place.)