美国车企祖传8宗罪

5.销量靠批发

如果大家只看新闻标题，难免会认为日本人是靠利润微薄的批量销售来推高销量的，而底特律三巨头却正壮士断腕般地削减批量销售。比如“车界内幕”（The Truth About Cars）这个博客就称：“七月份，底特律三大厂商都称批量销售额下降，而日产汽车（Nissan）、丰田汽车（Toyota）和现代-起亚汽车（Hyundai-Kia）的批量销售额却大幅上升。”不过，如果你继续读下去就会发现，底特律车企是从峰值上逐渐下滑的，而这些亚洲厂商却是从很低的基数开始逐步上升的。比如七月份福特有22%的批量销售，而丰田仅有5%。向租车公司批量销售这一做法一直就饱受诟病，它会影响新车销售，也会损害残值。新的劳动合同被认为有助于底特律车企逐渐减少批量销售，但积习难改、本性难移啊。

5. Relying on fleet sales

If you just read the headlines, you'd think that the Japanese were inflating their sales numbers with low-margin fleet sales, while the Detroit Three were heroically tapering off. "All three domestic American automakers reported declining fleet sales in July while they were up significantly at Nissan, Toyota, and Hyundai-Kia," reports The Truth About Cars blog. But if you read a little further, you discover that Detroit is coming off a peak, while the Asians are moving up from a very low base. Some 22% of Ford's sales went into fleets in July, while only 5% of Toyota's did. Fleet sales to daily rental companies are a much-maligned practice that sap new car sales and undermine residual values. New labor contracts were supposed to help Detroit gradually withdraw from the business, but old habits are hard to break.