不满美日控制亚洲金融，中国欲另起炉灶叫板世行

    《金融时报》（Financial Times）周二援引知情官员的话报道，中国意欲在亚洲新建一家多边开发银行，打破美国对亚洲的金融控制。

    据称，中国官员们已经出访亚洲和中东争取支持，希望建立一家资本金达1000亿美元的新银行，专为基础设施等大型开发项目提供融资。《金融时报》称，迄今为止，亚洲地区内已有22个国家表示感兴趣。

    这样的一家银行将与世界银行（World Bank）、亚洲开发银行（Asian Development Bank）直接展开竞争。中国认为，后两家银行受到了美国及其同盟日本的过多影响。

    这个动议反映的不仅是中国财力的不断增长，也显现了它对美国拒绝实施2010改革方案的愤怒。根据2010改革方案，美国本该让中国和其他发展中国家在世界银行和国家货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）中获得更大的影响力。

    2010年，在以中国、俄罗斯和巴西为首的发展中经济体的推动下，20国集团（G20）同意，在这些国家增加出资比例的同时，在上述两个布雷顿森林体系机构中给予它们更多的影响力。

    但美国国会已经拒绝批准美国在这个改革方案中的出资计划。这可能导致整个方案流产，因为美国作为IMF最大的股东，仍拥有事实上的一票否决权。

    金融危机导致对IMF的资金需求大增，需求首先是来自那些经济相对薄弱的国家，但后来很大程度上是来自欧元区。IMF为相对富裕的欧元区所提供的援助规模之大惹恼了很多新兴国家。IMF对欧元区借款人开出的条款远比20世纪末亚洲金融危机期间的要温和，亚洲国家对这一点特别不满。

    《金融时报》指出，中国对于自己在亚洲开发银行的角色也同样不满意。亚洲开发银行是20世纪60年代在美国的敦促下建立的，公开的目的多多少少就是在朝鲜战争和越南战争的背景下帮助遏制共产主义在亚洲的传播。

    美国和日本在亚洲开发银行分别拥有超过15%的权益，而经济规模已超日本的中国仅持股5.5%。

    《金融时报》表示，中国希望到今年年底建立起“亚洲基础设施投资银行”（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank），这也是IMF设定美国国会批准2010改革方案的最后期限。（财富中文网）

    China wants to set up a multilateral development bank in Asia to break the U.S.’s financial hold on the continent, the Financial Times reported Tuesday, citing officials familiar with the matter.

    It said that Chinese officials have been touring Asia and the Middle East drumming up support for a new institution with $100 billion in capital, with a view to financing major development projects such as infrastructure. The FT said 22 countries across the region have expressed interest so far.

    Such an institution would be a direct rival to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, which China thinks are too much influenced by the U.S. and its ally, Japan.

    The initiative reflects not only China’s ever-growing financial clout, but also its anger at the U.S.’s refusal to implement a 2010 deal allowing it and other emerging nations greater influence in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

    In 2010, after pushing from emerging economies led by China, Russia and Brazil, the G-20 agreed to give them more influence over the two Bretton Woods institutions, in return for funding a big increase in their resources.

    However, Congress has refused to ratify the U.S.’s contribution to the reforms, which threatens to unravel the whole deal since the U.S., as the IMF’s largest shareholder, still has effective veto powers many of its actions.

    The financial crisis led to a big increase in demand for IMF funds, first from weaker emerging nations but later, and to a far greater extent, from the euro zone. The scale of IMF aid to the comparatively rich euro zone has angered many emerging countries. Asian countries in particular have grumbled that the IMF imposed far softer terms on euro-zone borrowers than it did during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s.

    The FT noted that China is hardly more satisfied with its role at the Asian Development Bank, established at U.S. prompting in the 1960s with a more or less overt mandate to help stop the spread of Communism in the region against the backdrop of the Korean and Vietnam wars.

    The U.S. and Japan each have stakes of over 15% in the ADB, while China, whose economy is now larger than Japan’s, holds only 5.5%.

    The FT said Beijing wants to establish what it calls the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank by the end of the year–which is also the deadline that the IMF has set Congress for ratifying the 2010 deal.