如何防止机器人抢走你的饭碗？

    麻省理工学院（MIT）经济学家大卫•奥特指出：“到19世纪末……很多美国人意识到，农业的就业率正在下降，工业就业率正在上升。而他们的孩子需要接受额外的教育才能够养家糊口。”世界银行也指出，在1900到1940年之间，美国14至17岁青少年的高中入学率从10%上升到75%。因此，随着经济的成熟，数百万劳动者离开农场后，能够获得薪水更高的工作。

    但这一次，我们需要的不是更多的学校，而是不同的学校。学校需要投入更大精力，向下一代人传授新的技能，使他们能在新的科技革命中受益，而不是“靠边站”。特别需要指出的是，机器人的沟通和解决问题的能力依然很糟糕。所以，学校应该重点加强学生的批判式思维和社交能力。另外，在未来的一二十年，机器人大概也很难掌握设计和自我管理能力，因此，学校应该着重培养学生的创造力和管理技能。

    除了重点传授不同的技能，学校还应教会学生如何与机器和其它新兴技术共同工作。如今，那些征服了电脑的人有更大的成功机会。而在未来，那些掌握了机器人和大数据的人也将是如此。奥特在最近发表的一篇论文中指出：人们“经常夸大了机器对人力的取代作用，忽视了它极强的补充作用。”在未来20年中，我们的成功不一定取决于我们的量化技能或努力程度，而是取决于能否很好地与机器人协同工作。

    两年前，我的一个亲戚被诊断出患有前列腺癌。讽刺的是，他自己就是一名杰出的泌尿科医生，曾经做过3000多例前列腺癌手术，但是他没法给自己手术。他在选择医生时，选择了一名据说是最善于操作达芬奇外科手术系统(Da Vinci Surgical System，一种机器人手术系统)的外科医生。他的医术当然依然很重要，但是机器人能让医生的双手进行更微小、更精确的切割操作。虽然像工业革命一样，科技革命将给人类带来挑战，但机器人最终会帮助我们更好地完成工作，解决那些我们今天甚至无法解决的问题。（财富中文网）

    本文作者莱恩•费特是SeedInvest公司的CEO和联合创始人，SeedInvest是纽约的一家连接投资人和创业公司的私募众筹平台。

    According to MIT Economist David Autor, “By the late 19th century … many Americans recognized that farm employment was declining, industry was rising and their children would need additional education to earn a living.” The World Bank notes that between 1900 and 1940, the percentage of 14- to 17-year-olds enrolled in high school in the U.S. increased from 10% to 75%. As a result, millions of workers left farms and were able to obtain higher-paying jobs as the economy matured.

    But this time, we don’t need more schools, we need different schools. Schools will need to place a greater focus on skills that will enable the next generation to benefit from the upcoming technological wave instead of merely getting swept aside. In particular, robots are still horrible communicators and problem solvers. So schools should evolve to emphasize critical thinking and social skills. It is also highly unlikely that during the next couple decades robots will learn how to design and manage themselves, so schools should stress creativity and management skills.

    In addition to focusing on different skill sets, schools will need to teach students how to work with machines and other emerging technologies. Today, those who have conquered computers have given themselves a much greater chance of succeeding. Tomorrow, the same will be true as it pertains to robots and big data. In a recent paper, Autor observed that people often “overstate the extent of machine substitution for human labor and ignore the strong complementarities.” In 20 years, our success will not necessarily be driven by our quantitative skills or our work effort, but by how well we collaborate with robots.

    Two years ago, a relative of mine was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Ironically, he is a talented urologist who has performed over 3,000 prostate cancer surgeries, but couldn’t operate on himself. When it came to choosing a doctor, he selected a surgeon who was arguably the best in the world at operating with the da Vinci Surgical System, a robotic surgical system. His physician’s skills were still as important as ever but the robot enabled his doctor to translate his hand movements into smaller, more precise incisions. Although the Technology Revolution will come with its share of challenges, like the Industrial Revolution, it will ultimately enable us to do our jobs better than before and solve problems that we can’t even fathom solving today.

    Ryan Feit is CEO and co-founder of SeedInvest, a New York City-based equity crowdfunding platform that connects investors with startups.