放一百个心，机器人不会反攻人类

    埃里克•霍尔维茨

    知名科学家、微软研究院常务董事

    “有人担心未来我们可能会失去对某些智能的控制。我认为这种情况不大可能发生。我认为在使用人工智能系统这个问题上，我们会非常积极主动的。而且最终在人类生活的方方面面，从科学到教育到经济，再到日常生活，我们都能享受到机器智能带来的惊人效益。”

    黛伯拉•约翰逊

    维吉尼亚大学工程与应用科学学院科学、技术与社会项目伦理学教授

    “如果完全自动化的机器成熟了，所有任务可以依赖这些机器自行完成。那么这首先会带来职责上的挑战。设想一架盘旋在空中的无人机，能自动识别战斗区域，并确定战场上的哪些人是敌军、哪些是平民，然后自行决定向敌军目标开火。

    虽然生产这种无人机是可能的，但这种描述具有一定的误导性。这类系统要想顺畅运行，人类是必须要参与的。人类要做出这些决策，然后将任务委托给机器。设计这套系统的人类要决定机器怎样完成任务，至少也要设定相关参数，来对机器的决策进行限定。另外在真实的环境中，人类还要判断机器是否足够可靠，能否委以重任。”

    迈克尔•利特曼

    布朗大学计算机科学教授

    “要明确的是，的确有人担心不久的未来人工智能会对人类产生影响——比如人工智能的交易商会导致经济崩溃，或是敏感的电网管理系统对用电量的起伏产生过度反应，从而切断了大量人口的用电。还有人担心，学术界和产业界的系统性编见，可能导致代表性不足的少数派无法参与掌控信息技术的发展方向。在新理念的发展和部署过程中，这些担忧应该会扮演重要的角色。但是很多人担心计算机会突然醒来攻击我们，这种担忧是不现实的。”（财富中文网）

    译者：朴成奎

    审校：任文科

    Eric Horvitz

    Distinguished Scientist & Managing Director, Microsoft Research

    "There have been concerns about the long-term prospect that we lose control of certain kinds of intelligences. I fundamentally don't think that's going to happen. I think that we will be very proactive in terms of how we field AI systems, and that in the end we'll be able to get incredible benefits from machine intelligence in all realms of life, from science to education to economics to daily life."

    Deborah Johnson

    Anne Shirley Carter Olsson Professor of Applied Ethics in the Science, Technology, and Society Program in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Virginia

    "Presumably in fully autonomous machines all the tasks are delegated to machines. This, then, poses the responsibility challenge. Imagine a drone circulating in the sky, identifying a combat area, determining which of the humans in the area are enemy combatants and which are noncombatants, and then deciding to fire on enemy targets.

    "Although drones of this kind are possible, the description is somewhat misleading. In order for systems of this kind to operate, humans must be involved.Humans make the decisions to delegate to machines; the humans who design the system make decisions about how the machine tasks are performed or, at least, they set the parameters in which the machine decisions will be made; and humans decide whether the machines are reliable enough to be delegated tasks in real-world situations."

    Michael Littman

    Professor of Computer Science, Brown University

    "To be clear, there are indeed concerns about the near-term future of AI — algorithmic traders crashing the economy, or sensitive power grids overreacting to fluctuations and shutting down electricity for large swaths of the population. There's also a concern that systemic biases within academia and industry prevent underrepresented minorities from participating and helping to steer the growth of information technology. These worries should play a central role in the development and deployment of new ideas. But dread predictions of computers suddenly waking up and turning on us are simply not realistic."