女性统治的五大职业
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摄影师 多萝西亚•兰格、安妮•莱博维茨和辛迪•雪曼都是艺术爱好者中间家喻户晓的名字。然而，虽然在本世纪初有过女性成为伟大的摄影师，但摄影行业一直都是男性占主导。1983年，女性摄影师仅占到20%。 如今，据2012年劳工统计局的报告显示，摄影师职业已经达到性别平衡。然而，数量上的平衡并没有带动薪酬的变化。据美国国家艺术基金（National Endowment for the Arts）2008年公布的一份报告显示，截至2005年，男性摄影师的平均收入为35,000美元。而女性摄影师的收入则还不足男性的一半，仅有16,300美元。 调酒师 二战期间，男人要上战场打仗，于是女性开始进入许多行业。调酒师便是其中之一。但当士兵们凯旋归来之后，他们又希望重操旧业，还成功说服个别州制定法律，禁止女性在酒吧从业。事实上，1971年，加州禁止女性调酒师的法律就已经被废除。据劳工统计局统计，截至1983年，约一半调酒师为女性。 目前，虽然酒店业仍然以男性为主，但全美酒吧招待中女性的数量却要多于男性。劳工统计局2012年的报告称，约60%的美国调酒师是女性。而随着鸡尾酒的出现和现代调酒运动的发展，调酒师这个职业的技术含量也越来越高。（财富中文网） 译者：刘进龙/汪皓 |
Photographers Dorothea Lange, Annie Leibovitz, and Cindy Sherman are household names to the art-friendly. But while women have trained as great photographers since the turn of the 20th century, photography has been a predominately male profession. In 1983, only 20% of photographers were women. Today, the gender balance in the job is about 50/50, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. That 50/50 split does not extend to pay, though. According to a report released in 2008 by the National Endowment for the Arts, the median income for male photographers, as of 2005, was $35,000. The median income for female photographers was less than half as much, $16,300. Bartenders Bartending was among the many professions that women took on when men were drafted to fight in World War II. Upon returning home, however, soldiers wanted their old jobs back, and they successfully lobbied for laws in several states that banned women from tending bar. In fact, California's law prohibiting female bartenders was only repealed in 1971. As of 1983, almost half of all bartenders were female, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Today, while the restaurant industry is male-dominated, there are more female barkeeps than men, nationwide. About 60% of American bartenders are women, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. The trade, overall, is becoming increasingly technical, thanks to the rise of the cocktail and the modern mixology movement. |
