40-44岁：商界女性的黄金年龄

    但看看那些刚满40岁但具有极高影响力的女性：44岁的吉赛尔•鲁伊兹担任沃尔玛（Walmart）美国区执行副总裁兼首席运营官。上周，芯片制造商AMD任命苏姿丰为公司新任首席执行官，她成为这家《财富》500强公司的第26任CEO；她也只有44岁。今年早些时候，简•兰黛成为雅诗兰黛（Estee Lauder）公司最大的业务部门倩碧（Clinique）的全球品牌总裁。健身俱乐部Equinox的总裁莎拉•罗布•奥哈根42岁，可口可乐公司（Coca-Cola）北美区气泡饮料品牌与战略营销总裁温迪•克拉克、雷诺烟草公司（RJ Reynolds Tobacco）新任总裁黛布拉•克鲁和知名内衣品牌Spanx创始人莎拉•布莱克利都是43岁。如果将范围再扩大到45岁，还有摩根大通（JPMorgan Chase）CFO玛丽安娜•莱克、迈兰制药（Mylan）CEO希瑟•布莱什、大西洋唱片公司（Atlantic Records）董事长兼COO茱莉亚•格林瓦尔德、梦工厂（Dreamworks）董事长及星巴克（Starbucks）与雅诗兰黛的董事米勒迪•哈普森，当然还有《向前一步》（Lean In）的作者，来自Facebook的雪莉•桑德伯格。

    这样手握大权的年轻女性有很多。但她们却无法进入我们的榜单。

    为什么会出现这样的情况？一个简单的解释是，40岁的妈妈们，最终度过了初期照看孩子的阶段，这个阶段需要花费最多的时间。这样的解释或许是正确的，但有些人在40岁的时候刚刚有了孩子（霍布森去年当上了妈妈，46岁的YouTube CEO苏珊•沃西基怀上了第五个孩子）。而且，学龄儿童更容易照看这种观点也并非完全正确；正如安妮-玛丽•斯劳特指出，青春期的孩子反而更需要父母。

    另外一个原因可能是商界的形势依旧对女性不利——许多公司和机构内部仍存在一种根深蒂固的奖励制度，使女性上升的难度远远大于男性——她们要进入公司核心需要更长时间。

    此外，当然还包括野心与自信心的差距。对这一点我深信不疑。（作为一名没有孩子的单身女性，我曾读过《向前一步》，对书中努力实现母亲与工作平衡的观点，我不想参与争论。但我非常认同书中关于女性特点的描写，比如诚实地遵守规则、彬彬有礼、充分准备每一件事情、质疑自己和在职场中压抑自己等。）

    当然，40位40岁以下商界精英榜单的宗旨，主要是鼓励创业精神，而由于各种原因，创业会吸引和回报更多男性。

    事实上，上述因素对于这种情况的出现都有一定的影响。但更积极的趋势在于，女性正在不断崛起，即便40岁以下的女性也开始在商界达到新的高度。今年的上榜女性，以及进入候选人才库的女性，都是非常杰出的。一位女性创业者（伊莉莎白•霍尔姆斯）的初创公司(Theranos公司)估值能够与Airbnb、Uber或GoPro不相上下，这表明我们已经跨过了一个重要的里程碑。

    我希望有一天40位40岁以下的商界精英榜单能够实现男女平等。我们正在努力。在那之前，请写信告诉我们到明年十月份仍在40岁以下的超级女强人。要治愈我的“四十欢悦”，唯一的可能就是有更多优秀的女性领导者上榜。（财富中文网）

    译者：刘进龙/汪皓

    And yet consider the long list of incredibly powerful women in their early 40s: At 44, Gisel Ruiz holds the huge title of EVP and COO of Walmart U.S. WMT -0.93% . Just last week, Lisa Su became the 26th CEO of a Fortune 500 company when chipmaker AMD AMD 0.74% named her its new chief; she’s 44. Earlier this year, 41-year-old Jane Lauder became global brand president of Clinique—Estee Lauder Companies’ EL -2.24% biggest business. Sarah Robb O’Hagan, president of Equinox, is 42, while Wendy Clark, Coca-Cola’s KO -0.90% president of sparkling brands and strategic marketing, North America, Debra Crew, newly-named president of RJ Reynolds Tobacco RAI -1.34% , and Spanx founder Sara Blakely are all 43. If we extend the universe to 45, we get to Marianne Lake, CFO of JPMorgan Chase JPM -0.62% , Heather Bresch, CEO of MylanMYL -3.47% , Julie Greenwald, chairman and COO of Atlantic Records, Mellody Hobson, chairman of DreamworksDWA -0.97% and director of Starbucks SBUX -3.05% and Estee Lauder—and of course Sheryl Sandberg, she of Facebook FB 0.11% and Lean In.

    That’s a lot of young women—and a lot of power. But none of it under 40.

    What can we take from this? One easy explanation might be that in their 40s, those women with children have finally emerged from the early childcare years that can be the most time-consuming. That may be true, but many are still having children well into their 40s (Hobson became a mom last year, and Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube GOOG -2.07% , is pregnant with her fifth child at 46). And the notion that kids become easier once they’re school-age is not always true; as Anne-Marie Slaughter has pointed out, it’s often during their teenage years that children need their parents more.

    Another reason might be that given the way the cards are still stacked against women in business—there is an entrenched reward system at work in many corporations and institutions that makes it harder for women to climb than men— it takes them longer to get to the powerhouse ranks.

    There’s also talk, of course, of ambition and confidence gaps. I believe these to be true and real. (Reading Lean In as a single woman with no children, I stayed out of the debate around the book’s points on juggling motherhood and work. But the characterization of women dutifully following the rules, being polite, overpreparingfor everything, doubting themselves and otherwise holding themselves back in the workplace rang very, very true to me.)

    And, of course, the 40 under 40 list tends to reward entrepreneurship in particular, which, for a variety of reasons, tends to draw and reward men in much greater numbers than women.

    In truth, all of the above probably contribute in some way. The much more positive trend, though, is that momentum is picking up and that women have started to scale new heights across all of business, even under 40. The caliber of the women on the list and the pool we had to choose from this year was exceptional. And we crossed an important milestone when a woman entrepreneur surfaced with a startup whose valuation could go toe to toe with Airbnb, Uber or GoPro in Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos.

    I have every hope that one day the 40 under 40 will reach parity. We’re on our way. Until then, send me your ideas for super powerful women who will still be under the age of 40 next October. The only cure for my fortyfreude is more stellar young women leaders. Email me at leigh_gallagher@fortune.com.