这些投资策略能为你在下次报税前带来回报

报税季来了又去，它会卷走人们一大笔钱。鉴于《2017年减税与就业法案》带来的巨大变化，税务专业人士仍然想在报税最终期限到来之前弄清楚哪些做法有用（以及哪些没用）。为分析这个问题，我们和顶尖税务专家进行了沟通，目的是找到大家现在就能实施的策略，而且它们很可能在明年4月带来高额红利。

回归REITs

合伙公司、有限合伙企业和个人独资公司等传递实体是税制调整的大赢家。如果满足一定要求，它们在报税时就可以抵扣20%的利润。资产管理公司Savant Capital Management的一名财务顾问卡尔·布朗说：“它为小公司而设，但也适用于结构恰当的REITs（房地产投资信托基金）。”REITs设法降低税负就意味着投资者有更多的利润可分。

走本地化路线

2017年州和地方税抵扣上限调整为1万美元，这让很多人受到了限制。有少在州里交税的途径吗？在线财务咨询机构Betterment的税务部门负责人埃里克·布龙宁坎特指出，可以把部分投资转移到国债和你所在州的市政债券中，这有可能在州层面获得减税。由此节省下来的资金或许会超过收益率较高的应税债券给你带来的额外利息收入。

要求支付佣金

会计师事务所Anchin Block & Anchin的一位合伙人保罗·格维尔茨曼说，就近几年的情况而言，这听起来像是一条疯狂的建议，原因是客户都在向基于手续费的顾问靠拢。但在顾问手续费不再抵税的情况下，支付佣金或许是合理举动。比如你的投资赚了10美元，而手续费为2美元。格维尔茨曼指出：“如果他们把赚到的钱悉数给了你，而你[另外]支付顾问费，那这笔费用就要交税。”但佣金是在交易过程中收取的，而且从你的收益中扣掉了，所以不用交税。

去上学

2017年税制调整后大为获益的一个群体是学龄儿童的父母和祖父母，这要归功于529大学储蓄计划。在实施此项计划的州，所得收益不交税；当你把其中的存款用于缴纳学费、宿舍费、伙食费和书本费时，同样无需纳税。虽然529大学储蓄计划的初衷是为高等教育存钱，但布朗认为：“在新的税法中，为上私立学校提款现在可以享受免税待遇，从小学到高中都是这样。”但要注意，赠与税可能有起征点（目前为每年1.5万美元）。（财富中文网）

本文另一版本登载于《财富》杂志2019年5月刊，题目为《无痛投资法——为下次做准备》。

译者：Charlie

审校：夏林

Tax Day has come and gone, along with appreciable amounts of your money. Given the huge changes enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, tax pros were still trying to figure out what worked (and what didn’t) right up to the filing deadline. To decode the code, we talked to top tax experts to find strategies you can implement now—that just might pay big dividends next April.

Revisit REITs

Pass-through businesses like partnerships, LLPs, and sole proprietorships are the big tax-change winners. If they meet certain standards, they get to deduct 20% of their profits before calculating taxes. “It was intended for small businesses, but it also applies to REITs [real estate investment trusts] if they have the right structure,” says Cal Brown, a financial adviser with Savant Capital Management. With REITs looking at lower tax bills, that can mean more profit to divvy up among investors like you.

Go Local

Many have been hampered by the 2017 tax changes’ $10,000 limitations on state and local tax (SALT) deductions. One way to save on state taxes? Move some of your portfolio to Treasuries and municipal bonds issued in your state, which would be tax exempt at the state level, says Eric -Bronnenkant, head of tax at online financial adviser Betterment. The savings may outweigh the additional interest you’d earn on taxable higher-yield bonds.

Ask to Pay Commissions

In recent years, that advice would have sounded crazy, as clients gravitated toward fee-based advisers. However, with the deduction for adviser fees gone, paying commissions might make sense, says Paul Gevertzman, a partner at accounting firm Anchin Block & Anchin. Say that your investments earn $10, and you get charged $2 in fees. “If they pay you the whole amount, and you pay an advisory fee [separately], that fee is taxable,” Gevertzman says. But commissions charged as you trade, and deducted from the money you net, don’t get taxed.

Get Educated

One group that will benefit in a big way from the 2017 changes are parents and grandparents of school-age kids, thanks to an expansion of 529 plans. In these state plans, earnings aren’t taxable, and when you take money out to pay for such things as tuition, room, board, and textbooks, there’s no tax implication either. Though 529s were originally designed as higher-ed savings vehicles, “in the new tax law, tax-free withdrawals are now allowed for private school, from elementary through high school,” Brown says. But be aware, gift tax exclusions (now $15,000 a year) may apply.

A version of this article appears in the May 2019 issue of Fortune with the headline “Pain-Proof Your Portfolio—for Next Time.”