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“工作生活平衡”:过时的概念

Chris DeSantis
2022-09-19

“工作生活平衡”一词已经不再适合当下的境况。

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Z世代重视稳定,但也希望能够追逐自己的梦想,并将自己热爱之事变成为之奋斗的事业。图片来源:ANGELA WEISS—AFP/GETTY IMAGES

直到1986年,“工作生活平衡”一词才流行开来。虽然该词目前仍在使用,但已经不再适合当下的境况。不过,在对其进行重新定义之前,我们先要审视一番工作和职场的演进历程。

“公司人”的兴衰

第二次世界大战后,退役士兵重返“万象更新”的美国。此后30年间,美国经济大幅扩张,史称“大压缩”(Great Compression)时期,在这一阶段,社会福利项目与经济扩张齐头并进,工会健康发展拉低了薪资差距,所有人都在向中产阶级靠拢。

当年轻人进入职场后,他们就会成为所谓的“公司人”。员工为公司付出青春年华,公司则以养老金作为回馈,这就是雇主和员工之间不成文的约定。

在这种背景之下,员工不太可能提出“工作生活平衡”的理念,因为会被视为对工作不认真、对组织不忠诚的表现。

X世代与“交易型职场”的形成

20世纪70年代中期,情况开始变化,雇主与员工之间不成文的约定逐步走向终结。孩提时代,X世代亲眼目睹了自己父母经历的裁员和所谓“适当减员”。

许多人把这个教训牢记在心,成年之后,他们明白不能把自己的福祉全部寄托在一家公司的身上。他们不再把自己的技能卖给传统公司,而是利用专业知识创办自己的企业,这种潮流也催生了互联网行业的繁荣。

互联网企业的工作环境通常较为随意,更为平等,而且具有实验性质。一众青年才俊利用技术对工作和工作环境进行了重新设计,并对X世代在“约定”时代未曾获得的“工作生活平衡”提出了更高的要求。

千禧一代推动变革

X世代认识到,要想在平衡工作与个人生活的同时,还能够取得事业上的成功,绝非易事。工作还是要放在第一位。他们所能做的只是打造一个足够灵活的工作环境,使其可以在个人生活中对优先事项和各种需求进行调整。

“千禧一代”的思维模式与前人不同,可以这么说,他们更偏好的是一种“工作生活融合”的状态,不过这种状态也不能与前文提到的“平衡”混为一谈。与X世代相比,千禧一代在平衡个人生活与工作方面并无进步。相反,他们在努力地将工作融入个人生活之中,打破工作和生活之间的隔阂。

许多千禧一代正努力在“零工经济”中打拼自己的事业,谋求兼职或更为灵活的工作机会。有些人如此选择是迫于无奈,有些人则是主动选择的这种生活方式。此外,为了寻找自己的人生目标,他们还会从事不同的工作,探寻不同的发展道路。

与X世代的前辈相比,千禧一代知识工作者的技能更容易变现,他们在交易型劳动力市场上拥有比以往任何一代人都更大的话语权。从某种意义上说,他们生来就是交易型职场的“原住民”,而前人都只能算是“外来移民”,需要努力适应全新的劳动力市场。

Z世代与未来的“工作暨生活”

虽然Z世代的认知还在成型之中,但千禧一代的许多特点或许会在这代人的身上得到延续。与千禧一代一样,Z世代也未曾经历过前辈们那种“牢不可破的约定”,也绝不会指望雇主会与自己相伴终生。不过他们也明白,“社会安全网”目前已经风雨飘摇。对Z世代而言,在其退休时,不仅有可能拿不到养老金,甚至可能连医疗保险(Medicare)和社会保障(Social Security)也已经不复存在。

这种保守且实际的想法也影响了Z世代将工作融入生活的方式。他们追求的是一种超脱工作生活融合的状态,也就是我所谓的“工作暨生活”。他们似乎特别看重工作的稳定性,像千禧一代一样,他们非常喜欢在那些支持员工成长、鼓励职业发展的企业里打拼自己的事业。

他们会利用空闲时间培养那种有朝一日可以成为事业的兴趣。与千禧一代不同,Z世代不会为了追逐内心的渴望或寻找人生目标而尝试多种工作,他们更喜欢谋求一份稳定的事业,同时做些私活,也就是所谓“副业”,希望未来能够从中获取一些收益。可以说,这代人的想法更为务实。

一段迷思的落幕

那么,“工作生活平衡”的概念还会继续演进吗?也许会。除非职场人能够得到自己一直追求的东西:自主权以及对自己生活的控制,让自己可以真正决定工作内容、工作方式以及如何掌握做好相关工作所需的技能。

如果企业能够满足员工的这些要求,并且理解、尊重员工的想法,那么工作生活平衡就将不再是工作与生活之间的斗争。实际上,二者从来不是斗争的关系,员工只是想尽可能地将工作融入、整合、平衡(无论你想用什么词)到自己的生活中去。

将工作与生活进行二分是一种颇具误导性的做法。我们需要超脱既有观念,即:工作是为了赚取薪水,而“生活”则只存在于工作间隙的休闲时间。实际上,可以吸引我们的工作也能够给我们的生活带来积极价值。(财富中文网)

克里斯·德桑蒂斯(Chris DeSantis)是一位独立组织行为专家、演说家、播主,著有《矛盾之源:如果破解工作中的代际摩擦难题》(Why I Find You Irritating: Navigating Generational Friction at Work)一书。

Fortune.com上的评论文章中表达的观点仅代表作者个人观点,并不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

直到1986年,“工作生活平衡”一词才流行开来。虽然该词目前仍在使用,但已经不再适合当下的境况。不过,在对其进行重新定义之前,我们先要审视一番工作和职场的演进历程。

“公司人”的兴衰

第二次世界大战后,退役士兵重返“万象更新”的美国。此后30年间,美国经济大幅扩张,史称“大压缩”(Great Compression)时期,在这一阶段,社会福利项目与经济扩张齐头并进,工会健康发展拉低了薪资差距,所有人都在向中产阶级靠拢。

当年轻人进入职场后,他们就会成为所谓的“公司人”。员工为公司付出青春年华,公司则以养老金作为回馈,这就是雇主和员工之间不成文的约定。

在这种背景之下,员工不太可能提出“工作生活平衡”的理念,因为会被视为对工作不认真、对组织不忠诚的表现。

X世代与“交易型职场”的形成

20世纪70年代中期,情况开始变化,雇主与员工之间不成文的约定逐步走向终结。孩提时代,X世代亲眼目睹了自己父母经历的裁员和所谓“适当减员”。

许多人把这个教训牢记在心,成年之后,他们明白不能把自己的福祉全部寄托在一家公司的身上。他们不再把自己的技能卖给传统公司,而是利用专业知识创办自己的企业,这种潮流也催生了互联网行业的繁荣。

互联网企业的工作环境通常较为随意,更为平等,而且具有实验性质。一众青年才俊利用技术对工作和工作环境进行了重新设计,并对X世代在“约定”时代未曾获得的“工作生活平衡”提出了更高的要求。

千禧一代推动变革

X世代认识到,要想在平衡工作与个人生活的同时,还能够取得事业上的成功,绝非易事。工作还是要放在第一位。他们所能做的只是打造一个足够灵活的工作环境,使其可以在个人生活中对优先事项和各种需求进行调整。

“千禧一代”的思维模式与前人不同,可以这么说,他们更偏好的是一种“工作生活融合”的状态,不过这种状态也不能与前文提到的“平衡”混为一谈。与X世代相比,千禧一代在平衡个人生活与工作方面并无进步。相反,他们在努力地将工作融入个人生活之中,打破工作和生活之间的隔阂。

许多千禧一代正努力在“零工经济”中打拼自己的事业,谋求兼职或更为灵活的工作机会。有些人如此选择是迫于无奈,有些人则是主动选择的这种生活方式。此外,为了寻找自己的人生目标,他们还会从事不同的工作,探寻不同的发展道路。

与X世代的前辈相比,千禧一代知识工作者的技能更容易变现,他们在交易型劳动力市场上拥有比以往任何一代人都更大的话语权。从某种意义上说,他们生来就是交易型职场的“原住民”,而前人都只能算是“外来移民”,需要努力适应全新的劳动力市场。

Z世代与未来的“工作暨生活”

虽然Z世代的认知还在成型之中,但千禧一代的许多特点或许会在这代人的身上得到延续。与千禧一代一样,Z世代也未曾经历过前辈们那种“牢不可破的约定”,也绝不会指望雇主会与自己相伴终生。不过他们也明白,“社会安全网”目前已经风雨飘摇。对Z世代而言,在其退休时,不仅有可能拿不到养老金,甚至可能连医疗保险(Medicare)和社会保障(Social Security)也已经不复存在。

这种保守且实际的想法也影响了Z世代将工作融入生活的方式。他们追求的是一种超脱工作生活融合的状态,也就是我所谓的“工作暨生活”。他们似乎特别看重工作的稳定性,像千禧一代一样,他们非常喜欢在那些支持员工成长、鼓励职业发展的企业里打拼自己的事业。

他们会利用空闲时间培养那种有朝一日可以成为事业的兴趣。与千禧一代不同,Z世代不会为了追逐内心的渴望或寻找人生目标而尝试多种工作,他们更喜欢谋求一份稳定的事业,同时做些私活,也就是所谓“副业”,希望未来能够从中获取一些收益。可以说,这代人的想法更为务实。

一段迷思的落幕

那么,“工作生活平衡”的概念还会继续演进吗?也许会。除非职场人能够得到自己一直追求的东西:自主权以及对自己生活的控制,让自己可以真正决定工作内容、工作方式以及如何掌握做好相关工作所需的技能。

如果企业能够满足员工的这些要求,并且理解、尊重员工的想法,那么工作生活平衡就将不再是工作与生活之间的斗争。实际上,二者从来不是斗争的关系,员工只是想尽可能地将工作融入、整合、平衡(无论你想用什么词)到自己的生活中去。

将工作与生活进行二分是一种颇具误导性的做法。我们需要超脱既有观念,即:工作是为了赚取薪水,而“生活”则只存在于工作间隙的休闲时间。实际上,可以吸引我们的工作也能够给我们的生活带来积极价值。(财富中文网)

克里斯·德桑蒂斯(Chris DeSantis)是一位独立组织行为专家、演说家、播主,著有《矛盾之源:如果破解工作中的代际摩擦难题》(Why I Find You Irritating: Navigating Generational Friction at Work)一书。

Fortune.com上的评论文章中表达的观点仅代表作者个人观点,并不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

The term work-life balance didn’t come into popular use until 1986. While still in use, it no longer fits today’s circumstances. But before we redefine it, we first need to examine the evolution of work and working.

The rise and fall of the company man

Following World War II, soldiers came home to a “revitalized” United States. For the next 30 years, the United States enjoyed economic expansion. This period was named the Great Compression: economic expansion coupled with social welfare initiatives, and strong, healthy unions flattened wage differentials, pulling everyone towards the middle.

When a young person entered the workplace, they became a “Company Man,” whose career culminated in a pension after many years of service. It was an unwritten covenant between employer and employee.

You were unlikely to broach the notion of work-life balance. It would have been seen as an indication you were not serious about your job and not committed to the organization.

Gen X and the beginning of the transactional workplace

Things started to change in the mid 70s. It was the beginning of the end of the covenant. As children, Gen Xers witnessed the downsizing and euphemistic “right-sizing” that their parents endured.

Many took the lesson to heart and, as adults, knew that they couldn’t rely on a single company to take care of them. Rather than selling their skills to legacy companies, they used their expertise to establish their own companies, which gave birth to the dot-com boom.

The dot-com workplaces were typically less formal, more egalitarian, and experimental in nature. Clever young people worked out new ways to leverage technology to reimagine how work–and the workplace–should look. Demands for more work-life balance that workers had not been able to make under the covenant were first implemented by Gen X entrepreneurs.

Millennials move the needle

Gen Xers recognized the difficulty in balancing work with a personal life, while still expecting to succeed professionally. Work still had to come first. The best they could hope to do was build a workplace that had enough flexibility to allow for shifting priorities and needs in one’s personal life.

The Millennial mindset is different. It can be described as work-life integration. This, too, should not be mistaken for balance. Millennials are not doing a better job of balancing their personal lives with work than Gen Xers have. Rather, they have worked to integrate work into their personal lives, breaking down the walls between professional and personal.

Many Millennials are crafting careers in the gig economy and pursuing part time or flexible work arrangements. This is sometimes out of necessity, but for others, it is an elective lifestyle choice. Moreover, they are taking on multiple roles to explore different paths in pursuit of finding their purpose.

Millennial knowledge workers have even more portable skill sets than their Gen X predecessors. They have more leverage in the transactional labor market than any previous generation. They are, in a sense, transactional “natives,” whereas those who came before were transactional “immigrants” who had to adapt to the new labor market.

Gen Z and the coming work-life options

While the Gen Z identity is still developing, there seems to be continuity of many of the trends observed with Millennials. Like the Millennials, they never knew the unbroken covenant and have never expected employers to take care of them for life. However, they also understand that societal safety nets are in a precarious state. Not only can Gen Zers not expect a pension, but they also can’t be certain that Medicare and Social Security will be there when they retire.

This reserved and practical outlook colors how Gen Zers fit work into their lives. They are moving beyond work-life integration and pursuing what I would call work-life options. They appear to strongly value employment stability, and like the Millennial cohort, they are very interested in establishing a career with firms that offer professional growth and development.

They use their free time to pursue interests that might someday become careers. Gen Z, unlike Millennials, aren’t pursuing multiple jobs in order to engage their passions or find their purpose. They are pursuing stable careers while cultivating side projects that could one day become revenue streams. These are often described as “side hustles.” Their aspirations veer toward the practical.

A myth retired

So, will the notion of work-life balance continue to evolve? Probably. Unless workers receive what they really wanted all along: autonomy and control over their lives so they can make meaningful decisions about the work they do, how it is done, and how to achieve the mastery to do it well.

If companies fulfill these requests and understand and respect employees’ motivations, work-life balance will no longer be a battle between work and the rest of life. It never really was. Workers just want to best accommodate, integrate, balance—whatever word you want to use—work into their lives.

The work-life dichotomy was always misleading. We need to move beyond the notion that work is simply the thing we do for a paycheck, and “life” merely the momentary reprieves between showing up at the office. Work, when it engages us, is life-affirming

Chris DeSantis is an independent organizational behavior practitioner, speaker, podcaster, and the author of Why I Find You Irritating: Navigating Generational Friction at Work.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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