管理学大师谏言中美竞争

    理查德•达维尼向美国的政客们传达了一条信息：最好别挡着（商业发展）的道路。这位知名管理学教授任教于达特茅斯学院塔克商学院（Tuck School of Business，Dartmouth College），他认为政府应该减少开支，削弱官员权力。不过在谈及商业的时候，达维尼却认为政府应该发挥更大作用。他指出，来自中国的威胁不断逼近，我们需要重新思考自由放任的经济体系，甚至要审视自由市场本身。达维尼的新书《战略资本主义：赢得资本家冷战的新经济战略》即将出版之际接受《财富》（Fortune）记者安妮•范德梅耶采访。

我们的资本主义模式哪里出了错？

    许多我们坚信的教条都是扯淡，比如自由放任的经济终将获胜。另一个例子就是认为政府不能干预经济，得到他们支持的都会失败。中国政府就完全颠覆了这一看法，他们催生了胜利者。他们在太阳能和风力发电方面也会取得成功，就因为他们有很好的计划安排。当你遇到一个精明的战略资本家时，自由市场经济反而是劣势。只有对付法国那样的笨蛋时，自由市场经济才有胜机。

如何改进我们的系统呢？

    首先要平衡预算。这是米特•罗姆尼和保罗•瑞安的核心政策之一，我也很同意。但他们同时也提到要求中国向美国开放市场，我觉得这种想法幼稚得无以复加。根据我到中国访问得来的印象，中国人不会做损害自己利益的事情。他们正在走向胜利，而且他们深知这一点。所以他们会寻求主导权，而不是合作。

美国怎样才能和中国竞争呢？

    我们需要主动进攻。给你举个例子。我觉得我们正处于第三次工业革命的前夜。大量的新技术正在美国孕育发展，其中包括三维打印和分子制造。这次制造业的革命会产生什么影响呢？虽然在美国无法产生很多新的就业机会，但会结束中国成为全球经济和政治实力中心所依赖的商业模式。大规模制造业作为中国的就业引擎将逐步走向消亡。

    Richard D'Aveni has a message for American politicians: Get out of the way, sort of. The renowned management professor at Dartmouth College's Tuck School of Business says the government should spend less and give less power to elected officials. But when it comes to business, he also thinks the state should do a lot more. The looming threat posed by China requires rethinking our laissez-faire system, D'Aveni says, and even questioning the free market itself. Author of the forthcoming book, Strategic Capitalism: The New Economic Strategy for Winning the Capitalist Cold War, D'Aveni spoke with Fortune's Anne VanderMey about how the U.S. should adapt to compete with China's ascendant brand of state-sponsored capitalism, before China is the only superpower left. Edited excerpts:

What's wrong with our version of capitalism?

    A lot of things that we take for granted -- like that laissez-faire always wins -- are a lot of crap. Another example is the idea that government can't pick winners and losers. All they pick are losers. The Chinese government is proving the exact opposite. They're creating winners. And they're going to work that way for solar energy and wind energy technology because everything is coordinated. The free market has basically got a disadvantage when you're against a smart strategic capitalist. It's different when you're against a dumb one, you know, like France.

How do we fix the system?

    The first thing is to balance the budget. Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan -- that's one of their centerpieces, and I agree with that. But they also talk about asking China to open up their market to the U.S. I think they're being incredibly naïve, based on the trips I've made there -- that somehow the Chinese will do things against their interests. They're winning, and they know they're winning, and they're seeking hegemony. They're not seeking cooperation.

How does the U.S. compete with that?

    We need to go on the offensive. Let me give you an example. I think that we are on the verge of a third industrial revolution. There are all kinds of new technologies that are just on the verge of coming out in the United States, including 3-D printing and molecular manufacturing. How does that manufacturing revolution change things? It's not going to create a lot of jobs in the United States, but on the other hand, it's going to upend the business model that puts China at the center of global economic power and political power. China's employment engine, mass manufacturing, is going to die.