三一重工勇闯美国市场

    由于三一试图在美国站稳脚跟，它采取了一系列大胆举动，其中既有得意之作，也有难尽人意之处。它能否在美国市场取得大的进展，很大程度上取决于它的策略。从更宏观的角度来看，三一只是众多希望投资美国、拓展美国市场的中国公司中的一家，它为其他中国公司在美国抢滩登陆提供了经验和教训。

    多数美国人从来没有听说过三一，但在中国，它的规模并不逊于卡特彼勒（Caterpillar，CAT），甚至可能还要更大一些。三一的营收为76亿美元（468.54亿元人民币），是中国最大的工程设备公司，在全世界排名第五。三一也是中国最重要的本土成长成功故事之一。三一的主要创始人和最大股东梁稳根是中国大陆最富有的人之一，截至3月，他的净资产为73亿美元（450.045亿元人民币）。57岁的梁稳根还有政治关系——他于2004年加入了中国共产党，目前已经是党内最有影响力的成员之一。（他也是最直言不讳的党员之一：去年在北京的一次记者招待会上，他说党员能吸引到“更漂亮”的老婆，这番言论引来了一些抨击。）梁稳根在党内的影响尤其值得注意，因为在以前，这个国家中的民营企业家往往无法入党（据说，梁稳根在获批入党前，曾提交了三次申请）。中国这个经济体目前仍然主要由国家推动，但他却声援民营经济，呼吁政府支持民营企业。2012年，在《财富》中文版最具创新力中国公司榜单中，三一排名第三位。

    梁稳根靠自己一步步赢得了财富和权势。他出生于湖南省的一个贫困家庭，在中南大学（Central South University）获得了工程学学位，后在一家国有工厂担任工程师。一段时间后，他于1989年与三个合伙人一起成立了三一公司。（三一的英文名“Sany”源自其中文名拼音“Sanyi”,中文的意思是“三个一”，指公司的目标：创建一流企业，打造一流目标，为社会做出一流贡献。）公司起初生产焊接材料，1995年开始进军工程设备市场，首先制造的是灌注和运输混凝土的混凝土泵车，随后不断拓宽了自己的产品线。（财富中文网）

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    As Sany has attempted to gain a foothold in the U.S., it has made a series of brash moves, and it has both grown and stumbled. Whether it makes big inroads here will say a lot about its strategy. More broadly, since Sany is among dozens of Chinese firms looking to invest and expand in the U.S., it offers lessons for other Chinese companies maneuvering onto U.S. shores.

    Most Americans have never heard of Sany, but in China it's as big as Caterpillar (CAT), if not bigger. With revenues of $7.6 billion, it is the largest construction equipment company in China and the fifth largest in the world. It is also one of China's most important homegrown success stories. Sany's main founder and biggest shareholder, Liang Wengen, is one of mainland China's richest people, with a net worth of $7.3 billion as of March. Liang, 57, is politically connected -- he joined the Communist Party of China in 2004 and has become one of the party's most influential members. (He's also one of its most outspoken: Last year at a press conference in Beijing he drew fire for saying communists also tend to attract "prettier" wives.) Liang's rise within the party is notable in a country where private entrepreneurs were historically denied membership (Liang reportedly applied three times before he finally joined). He has been a vocal believer in the private sector, pressing the Chinese government to support private businesses in an economy that remains largely driven by the state. In 2012 Sany ranked No. 3 in Fortune China's list of the most innovative companies in China.

    Liang wasn't always rich and powerful. Born poor in central China's Hunan province, he graduated with an engineering degree from China's Central South University and, after a stint as an engineer at a state-owned factory, founded Sany in 1989 with three partners. (Its name is derived from its Chinese name, Sanyi, which means "three ones," a reference to the company's goals: to build a first-class enterprise, to foster first-class goals, to make first-class contributions to society.) The company started off making welding materials but in 1995 expanded into the business of construction equipment, first manufacturing concrete pumps that pour and transfer liquid concrete and then broadening its line of products.