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泰国游客数量仍不及疫情前,但泰国旅游业正在蓬勃发展

ROBERT HORN
2024-06-19

得益于人工智能、明智的营销和《白莲花度假村》第三季,泰国旅游业正在蓬勃发展。

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今年早些时候,中国游客参观了位于北榄府的暹罗古城。去年,泰国接待的中国游客远远少于疫情爆发前。图片来源:WANG TENG—XINHUA/GETTY IMAGES

很难抗拒泰国的原始海滩、古老寺庙和热闹的夜生活。在过去的二十年里,在经历了毁灭性的海啸、致命的空气污染、暴力街头抗议,甚至军事政变暂时将游客拒之门外之后,泰国特色会吸引游客重返泰国。但疫情过后,历史并没有重演。在疫情期间,这个20%的国内生产总值来自旅游业的国家几乎对所有游客关闭边境长达一年多。该国从2021年7月开始谨慎地重新开放边境,但游客仍未全面回归。到2023年底,入境人数达到2800万,比疫情前3980万的纪录低了约30%。

普吉岛酒店咨询公司C9 Hotelworks的创始人兼总经理比尔·巴内特(Bill Barnett)表示:“复苏缓慢有三大原因:中国、中国、中国。”2019年,中国是泰国最大的游客来源国,入境游客达到1100万人次。但2023年只有350万中国游客入境,主要是因为中国经济不景气。其他因素也普遍让游客望而却步:航班短缺、价格上涨、污染加剧,以及与诈骗和犯罪有关的负面宣传。

不过,旅游业分析人士表示,游客减少并没有给旅游业带来灾难。相反,他们认为,疫情及其余波迫使该行业进行创新,提高效率,引入新技术,使收入来源多样化,并开展更明智的营销活动。因此,旅游相关企业的经营状况比以往任何时候都要好。例如,大型酒店报告称,尽管入住率较低,但盈利能力却有所提高。巴内特说:“疫情加速了无论如何都会发生的变化。这是酒店市场的成熟过程。”

比尔·海内克(Bill Heinecke)是美诺国际集团(Minor International)的创始人兼董事长,该集团总部位于泰国,在63个国家拥有或管理着536家酒店、餐厅和零售店。该公司在今年首届《财富》东南亚500强排行榜上名列第85位。海内克说,在疫情期间,美诺的全球损失达到10亿美元。海内克说:“我们一度关闭了500多家酒店。在某些情况下,我们支付工资和租金的速度都很慢,而且要精打细算。”

然而,2024年第一季度是美诺在泰国业绩最好的季度之一。他说:“我们已经看到了巨额营收数据。”美诺酒店大力宣传其水疗等保健服务以及餐厅和酒吧。该酒店推出优惠活动以吸引当地人前来用餐,并向那些表示美食是头等大事的海外游客推介泰国美食。

入住率与疫情之前相比仍略有下降,但第一季度美诺的每间客房收入同比增长了26%,部分原因是客房价格上涨。去年,其收入增长了22%,利润增长了27%。同样,泰国Central Plaza Hotel(在《财富》东南亚500强中位列第388位)旗下的盛泰乐酒店及度假村(Centara Hotels & Resorts)去年的营收和利润也分别增长了24%和215%。巴内特说,价格上涨并没有激怒那些在后疫情时代迫切希望旅行的游客。

此外,定向营销正在说服游客在机票和住宿以外的体验上消费。泰国旅游局和旅行社现在宣传探险旅游、生态旅游、精神旅游和性少数群体旅游,以满足潜在游客的小众兴趣。政府甚至为学习泰拳(泰国本土格斗风格)的人提供为期三个月的签证。

泰国还将自己定位为风景如画的电影拍摄地,将其景色呈现给数百万观众。网飞(Netflix)的《冤家变亲家》(Mother of the Bride)曾在两个美诺度假村拍摄,HBO的《白莲花度假村》第三季将在美诺位于清迈的第三个度假村取景。

酒店也通过不恢复在疫情期间被削减的职位来降低成本。它们将入住登记等重复性工作自动化。聊天机器人可以回答许多客人的询问,现有员工也学会了多任务处理。Jee Teng Hospitality Group的执行董事萨哈拉特·“西尔斯”·吉瓦维西蒙特(Saharat“Sears”Jivavisitnont)表示,前台服务员可以在紧急情况下调出一杯饮料。Jee Teng Hospitality Group旗下福朋喜来登酒店(Four Points by Sheraton)在普吉岛拥有600间客房。

然而,疫情后的复苏并不均衡。亚太旅游协会(Pacific Asia Travel Association)办公室主任保罗·普鲁昂卡恩(Paul Pruangkarn)警告称,在劳动力短缺的情况下,中小型旅行社“缺乏资源”投资新技术或吸引人才。他说,在这两个领域,政府可以通过资助员工培训项目或向小型企业提供低息贷款来提供帮助。

吉瓦维西蒙特说:“我们确实需要更多熟练劳动力。来泰国游玩的游客的需求和期望正在上升。”如今的游客需要无缝连接和支持物联网的客房等设施。一些酒店正在利用大数据和人工智能,根据顾客过去的偏好为其提供个性化体验。

近年来,泰国政府已经出手扶持其强大的旅游业。2021年7月,政府在普吉岛推出了该地区首个“旅行沙箱”,允许已接种疫苗并通过新冠检测的游客前往该岛旅游。自全面开放以来,政府已经免除了来自中国、印度和其他数十个国家的游客的签证费,并放宽了对其他国家游客的要求。泰国政府还加大了对在《财富》东南亚500强中排名第81位的泰国航空(Thai Airways)的财政支持。这家政府持有48%股权的国有航空公司已经恢复盈利,并将很快结束法院下令的重组。从长远来看,泰国政府计划到2030年将曼谷两个国际机场的吞吐量增加一倍,达到2亿人次,在普吉岛和清迈新建机场,并向国际旅客开放更多的省级机场。

分析人士预计,泰国2024年的游客人数最终将超过2019年,但行业领导者正在为下一次可能出现的颠覆做准备。海内克说:“这是一个不可预测的时代。教训是要做好准备。要随机应变、不断适应,最重要的是要保持良好的资产负债表。”(财富中文网)

本文刊登于《财富》杂志2024年6-7月刊(亚洲版),标题为《泰国重拾旅游业魔力》。

译者:中慧言-王芳

很难抗拒泰国的原始海滩、古老寺庙和热闹的夜生活。在过去的二十年里,在经历了毁灭性的海啸、致命的空气污染、暴力街头抗议,甚至军事政变暂时将游客拒之门外之后,泰国特色会吸引游客重返泰国。但疫情过后,历史并没有重演。在疫情期间,这个20%的国内生产总值来自旅游业的国家几乎对所有游客关闭边境长达一年多。该国从2021年7月开始谨慎地重新开放边境,但游客仍未全面回归。到2023年底,入境人数达到2800万,比疫情前3980万的纪录低了约30%。

普吉岛酒店咨询公司C9 Hotelworks的创始人兼总经理比尔·巴内特(Bill Barnett)表示:“复苏缓慢有三大原因:中国、中国、中国。”2019年,中国是泰国最大的游客来源国,入境游客达到1100万人次。但2023年只有350万中国游客入境,主要是因为中国经济不景气。其他因素也普遍让游客望而却步:航班短缺、价格上涨、污染加剧,以及与诈骗和犯罪有关的负面宣传。

不过,旅游业分析人士表示,游客减少并没有给旅游业带来灾难。相反,他们认为,疫情及其余波迫使该行业进行创新,提高效率,引入新技术,使收入来源多样化,并开展更明智的营销活动。因此,旅游相关企业的经营状况比以往任何时候都要好。例如,大型酒店报告称,尽管入住率较低,但盈利能力却有所提高。巴内特说:“疫情加速了无论如何都会发生的变化。这是酒店市场的成熟过程。”

比尔·海内克(Bill Heinecke)是美诺国际集团(Minor International)的创始人兼董事长,该集团总部位于泰国,在63个国家拥有或管理着536家酒店、餐厅和零售店。该公司在今年首届《财富》东南亚500强排行榜上名列第85位。海内克说,在疫情期间,美诺的全球损失达到10亿美元。海内克说:“我们一度关闭了500多家酒店。在某些情况下,我们支付工资和租金的速度都很慢,而且要精打细算。”

然而,2024年第一季度是美诺在泰国业绩最好的季度之一。他说:“我们已经看到了巨额营收数据。”美诺酒店大力宣传其水疗等保健服务以及餐厅和酒吧。该酒店推出优惠活动以吸引当地人前来用餐,并向那些表示美食是头等大事的海外游客推介泰国美食。

入住率与疫情之前相比仍略有下降,但第一季度美诺的每间客房收入同比增长了26%,部分原因是客房价格上涨。去年,其收入增长了22%,利润增长了27%。同样,泰国Central Plaza Hotel(在《财富》东南亚500强中位列第388位)旗下的盛泰乐酒店及度假村(Centara Hotels & Resorts)去年的营收和利润也分别增长了24%和215%。巴内特说,价格上涨并没有激怒那些在后疫情时代迫切希望旅行的游客。

此外,定向营销正在说服游客在机票和住宿以外的体验上消费。泰国旅游局和旅行社现在宣传探险旅游、生态旅游、精神旅游和性少数群体旅游,以满足潜在游客的小众兴趣。政府甚至为学习泰拳(泰国本土格斗风格)的人提供为期三个月的签证。

泰国还将自己定位为风景如画的电影拍摄地,将其景色呈现给数百万观众。网飞(Netflix)的《冤家变亲家》(Mother of the Bride)曾在两个美诺度假村拍摄,HBO的《白莲花度假村》第三季将在美诺位于清迈的第三个度假村取景。

酒店也通过不恢复在疫情期间被削减的职位来降低成本。它们将入住登记等重复性工作自动化。聊天机器人可以回答许多客人的询问,现有员工也学会了多任务处理。Jee Teng Hospitality Group的执行董事萨哈拉特·“西尔斯”·吉瓦维西蒙特(Saharat“Sears”Jivavisitnont)表示,前台服务员可以在紧急情况下调出一杯饮料。Jee Teng Hospitality Group旗下福朋喜来登酒店(Four Points by Sheraton)在普吉岛拥有600间客房。

然而,疫情后的复苏并不均衡。亚太旅游协会(Pacific Asia Travel Association)办公室主任保罗·普鲁昂卡恩(Paul Pruangkarn)警告称,在劳动力短缺的情况下,中小型旅行社“缺乏资源”投资新技术或吸引人才。他说,在这两个领域,政府可以通过资助员工培训项目或向小型企业提供低息贷款来提供帮助。

吉瓦维西蒙特说:“我们确实需要更多熟练劳动力。来泰国游玩的游客的需求和期望正在上升。”如今的游客需要无缝连接和支持物联网的客房等设施。一些酒店正在利用大数据和人工智能,根据顾客过去的偏好为其提供个性化体验。

近年来,泰国政府已经出手扶持其强大的旅游业。2021年7月,政府在普吉岛推出了该地区首个“旅行沙箱”,允许已接种疫苗并通过新冠检测的游客前往该岛旅游。自全面开放以来,政府已经免除了来自中国、印度和其他数十个国家的游客的签证费,并放宽了对其他国家游客的要求。泰国政府还加大了对在《财富》东南亚500强中排名第81位的泰国航空(Thai Airways)的财政支持。这家政府持有48%股权的国有航空公司已经恢复盈利,并将很快结束法院下令的重组。从长远来看,泰国政府计划到2030年将曼谷两个国际机场的吞吐量增加一倍,达到2亿人次,在普吉岛和清迈新建机场,并向国际旅客开放更多的省级机场。

分析人士预计,泰国2024年的游客人数最终将超过2019年,但行业领导者正在为下一次可能出现的颠覆做准备。海内克说:“这是一个不可预测的时代。教训是要做好准备。要随机应变、不断适应,最重要的是要保持良好的资产负债表。”(财富中文网)

本文刊登于《财富》杂志2024年6-7月刊(亚洲版),标题为《泰国重拾旅游业魔力》。

译者:中慧言-王芳

It’s hard to resist Thailand’s pristine beaches, ancient temples, and lively nightlife. Over the past two decades, those features have lured tourists back to the country after a devastating tsunami, bouts of deadly air pollution, violent street protests, and even military coups temporarily turned them away. But history has not repeated itself after the pandemic. During COVID, the country that draws as much as 20% of its GDP from tourism shut its borders to virtually all visitors for more than a year. It reopened cautiously starting in July 2021. But tourists still have not returned in full force. By the end of 2023, arrivals tallied 28 million, roughly 30% below the pre-pandemic record of 39.8 million.

“There are three reasons for the slow recovery,” says Bill Barnett, founder and managing director of C9 Hotelworks, a Phuket-based hospitality consultancy: “China, China, and China.” The country was the largest source of tourists for Thailand in 2019, sending 11 million. But just 3.5 million Chinese visited in 2023, mostly because of China’s gloomy economy. Other factors turned off tourists generally, too: flight shortages, higher prices, worsening pollution, and bad publicity related to scams and crimes.

Still, tourism analysts say, lower arrivals haven’t spelled disaster for the industry. Rather, they argue, COVID and its aftermath have forced the sector to innovate and foster greater efficiencies, introduce new technologies, diversify revenue streams, and launch smarter marketing campaigns. As a result, tourism-related businesses are doing better than ever. Larger hotels, for instance, are reporting higher profitability despite lower occupancy. “COVID accelerated changes that were going to happen anyway,” Barnett says. “This is a maturation of the hotel market.”

Bill Heinecke is founder and chairman of Minor International, a Thailand-based conglomerate that owns or manages 536 hotels, plus restaurants and retail shops, in 63 countries. It’s No. 85 on the inaugural Fortune Southeast Asia 500 list this year. Heinecke says Minor lost $1 billion worldwide during COVID. “At one point we had over 500 hotels closed. We were slow to meet payrolls and pay rents, in some cases. We were watching our pennies,” Heinecke says.

The first quarter of 2024, however, was one of Minor’s best in Thailand. “We’re already looking at huge numbers,” he says. Minor hotels have touted their wellness offerings, such as spas, and their restaurants and bars. They’ve offered deals to entice locals to visit for a meal and pitched Thailand’s cuisine to overseas tourists who have indicated food is a priority.

Occupancy remains marginally lower than before COVID, but Minor’s revenue per room soared 26% year over year in the first quarter owing in part to higher rates. Last year its revenue grew 22%, and profits swelled 27%. Likewise, Thailand’s Central Plaza Hotel (No. 388 on the SEA 500), which owns Centara Hotels & Resorts, reported revenue and profit increases of 24% and 215% respectively last year. Higher prices haven’t rankled guests still desperate to travel post-COVID, Barnett says.

What’s more, targeted marketing is persuading tourists to spend on experiences beyond flights and accommodations. The Tourism Authority of Thailand and tour operators now advertise adventure tourism, ecotourism, spiritual tourism, and LGBTQ+ tourism to meet prospective visitors’ niche interests. The government even offers a three-month visa for those studying Muay Thai, the country’s indigenous fighting style.

Thailand is also pitching itself as a picturesque production set, planting its scenery in front of millions of eyeballs. Netflix’s Mother of the Bride was filmed at two Minor resorts, and a third resort in Chiang Mai will feature in season 3 of HBO’s White Lotus.

Hotels have also cut costs by choosing not to restore positions slashed during COVID. They’ve automated repetitive tasks like check-ins. Chatbots can answer many guest inquiries, and existing staff have learned to multitask. A front-desk attendant can mix a drink in a pinch, says Saharat “Sears” Jivavisitnont, executive director of Jee Teng Hospitality Group, which owns the 600-room Four Points by Sheraton in Phuket.

The post-COVID recovery, however, has not been equal. Paul Pruangkarn, chief of staff at the Pacific Asia Travel Association, warns that small and medium-size tour operators “don’t have the resources” to invest in new tech or to attract talent amid a labor shortage. He says those are two areas where the government could help by funding worker training programs or offering low-interest loans to smaller players.

“We definitely need more skilled labor,” Jivavisitnont says. “The demands and expectations of customers coming to Thailand are rising,” he says. Today’s guests want amenities like seamless connectivity and Internet of Things–enabled room features. Some hotels are using big data and AI to personalize experiences based on a customer’s past preferences.

Thailand’s government has already intervened to prop up its almighty tourism industry in recent years. In July 2021 it launched the region’s first “travel sandbox” on Phuket, allowing vaccinated and tested tourists to visit the island. Since fully reopening, the government has waived visa fees for tourists from China, India, and dozens of other countries, and eased requirements for others. The government has also ramped up its financial support for Thai Airways, No. 81 on the Fortune SEA 500. The 48% state-owned carrier has returned to profitability and will soon exit a court-ordered restructuring. Longer term, Thai authorities are planning to double the capacity of Bangkok’s two international airports to a combined 200 million passengers by 2030, build new airports in Phuket and Chiang Mai, and open more provincial airports to international arrivals.

Analysts expect Thailand’s 2024 visitor numbers to finally surpass those of 2019, but industry leaders are preparing for the next possible disruption. “These are unpredictable times,” Heinecke says. “The lesson is to be prepared. Be flexible, be adaptable, and above all keep a strong balance sheet.” 

This article appears in the June/July 2024 Asia issue of Fortune with the headline, “Thailand reclaims its tourism mojo.”

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